1037. Harold Harefoot is chosen king of all England, and Emma is 1040. 1041. 1042. 1044. 1045. 1051. 1052. 1053. 1054. 1055. 1057. 1063. 1065. 1066. driven out. Harold Harefoot dies. HARDI CANUTE, 1040-1042 (2 YEARS). Hardi Canute sends to Normandy for his half-brother Edward. EDWARD THE CONFESSOR, 1042-1066 Edward the Confessor is chosen king. Robert of Jumièges (the first Norman bishop in England) is appointed Bishop of London. Other foreigners obtain influence in the kingdom. Edward marries Edgith, daughter of Godwin. Robert of Jumièges is made Archbishop of Canterbury. William of Normandy (a) visits Edward. Godwin and his family return, and the foreigners are outlawed Godwin dies. Harold his son becomes Earl of Wessex. Expedition of Harold against the Welsh. Tostig is expelled by the Northumbrians, and Morcar, son of Jan. 5. Death of Edward the Confessor. HAROLD II., 1066 (10 MONTHS). Harold is crowned king at Westminster. William of Normandy sends to claim the crown, and is refused. Harold collects an army, and fortifies the southern coast. Sept. 20. Tostig and Harold Hardrada, King of Norway, land in Sept. 25. Tostig and Harold Hardrada are defeated and killed by 1066. 1067. 1068. 1069. 1070. 1071. 1072. 1073. 1074. 1076. 1078. 1079. 1082. 1084. Sept. 28. William of Normandy lands at Pevensey. Oct. 14. BATTLE OF HASTINGS. DEATH OF HAROLD. Edgar Etheling, grandson of King Edmund, is chosen king by the Witan in London. William marches to Berkhampstead to cut off London from the north. Edgar Etheling, Edwin and Morcar, and the men of London submit to William. WILLIAM I., 1066-1087 (21 YEARS) (a). Born 1027; Married, 1053, Matilda of Flanders. Dec. 25. William is crowned at Westminster. William visits Normandy, leaving Odo, Bishop of Bayeux, and Rebellions in Kent and Hereford. Edgar Etheling takes refuge in Scotland. William subdues Exeter, and the insurrection in the west. The people of Northumberland rebel and call in Edgar Etheling; Harold's sons ravage Bristol and Wales, but have to retire to Ireland. William retakes York, and ravages the country between the Stigand is deposed, and Lanfranc is made Archbishop of [At the end of this year only two bishoprics remain in native hands.] Execution of Waltheof. William refuses the demand of fealty, made through a legate, by Rebellion of William's son Robert, supported by Robert of William besieges Robert at Gerberoi; Robert submits. Bishop Odo, Earl of Kent, is apprehended, and his possessions seized by William. William renews the Danegeld (which Edward the Confessor had abolished), demanding 6s. per hide instead of 28. 1. The Church is to be free, and all bad customs are to be abolished. The king will not take advantage of the vacancy of sees and benefices. 2. Reliefs and amercements are to be just and lawful. The heiresses and widows to tenants-in-chief are not to be given in marriage against their will. Tenants-inchief are to be guided by the same rules in reference to the mesne tenants. Personal property may be disposed of by will. 3. The forests are to remain in the king's hands. 4. Lands held by knight-service are to be free from other imposts. 5. The laws of Edward the Confessor are to be retained, with William the Conqueror's improvements. 1096. Robert of Normandy goes on the first crusade. 1097. Donald Bane is deposed, and Edgar is established on the throne of Scotland by his uncle, Edgar Etheling. 1099. Jerusalem is taken by the Crusaders. A Christian kingdom is founded there. |