1085.

1086.

1087.

1088.

1089. 1090.

1091.

1092.

1093. 1094.

1095.

1096.

1097.

1100.

A general survey of England is ordered by William. It is taken by inquest. Each hundred and township appears by representative jurors.

Domesday Book, the result of the survey, is produced.

At William's great court at Salisbury all the landholders of Eng-
land swear allegiance to him.

William makes war upon Philip, King of France, and burns
Mantes.

William dies. Robert succeeds to Normandy.

[By an undated charter of this reign spiritual jurisdiction is separated from the secular courts of law, and assigned to separate spiritual courts.]

WILLIAM II., 1087-1100 (13 YEARS).

Born c. 1060.

William hastens to England, and is elected king by the influence of Lanfranc.

Rebellion of Normans, headed by Odo of Bayeux and Roger, Earl
of Shrewsbury. William appeals to the English, and sup-
presses it.

Lanfranc dies. The see of Canterbury is vacant four years.
William makes war on Robert in Normandy.

William grants land in Wales to any one who will take it, and in
consequence a war of conquest goes on for many years.
Treaty between William and Robert arranged by the barons.
Malcolm of Scotland, in alliance with Edgar Etheling, invades
England (a).

William compels him to do homage.

William takes possession of Cumberland, and settles peasants from
Hampshire at Carlisle.

Anselm becomes Archbishop of Canterbury.

Ranulf Flambard becomes justiciar, and helps William in
his work of systematic extortion.

William refuses to give Anselm the temporalities of his see.
William, fighting with Robert, sends for 20,000 men. Flambard
collects them at Hastings, deprives them of their journey
money, dismisses them, and sends the money to the king.
The rebellion of Robert Mowbray, Earl of Northumberland, and
Norman nobles is crushed.

Robert pledges his duchy to William for money to go on a crusade.
Anselm, unable to bear the wickedness of William, retires to Rome.
William is killed in the New Forest.

Henry is chosen king, and crowned. He grants a charter (¿).
Ranulf Flambard is arrested.

1100. Anselm is recalled.

1101. 1102.

1103.

1104.

1105.

1106.

1107..

1109. 1114. 1116.

1117.

1118.

1120.

1121.

1123.

1125.

1126.

1128.

1131. 1133.

1135.

1136.

1138.

Henry marries Matilda, daughter of Malcolm of Scot-
land.
Robert comes to England and claims the crown, but the English
support Henry. A treaty is made, and Robert withdraws.
Robert of Bellême rebels, and is expelled from England.
Anselm differs with Henry about investiture, and leaves England.
Robert of Bellême having been received in Normandy, war
breaks out.

Henry settles Flemings in Pembrokeshire.

Battle of Tenchebrai. Robert is captured, and Henry subdues the whole of Normandy.

Anselm and Henry agree on terms (a).

Roger of Salisbury becomes justiciar. He organizes the
Curia Regis and founds the Court of Exchequer.
Anselm dies.

Henry's daughter, Matilda, marries the Emperor Henry V.
Great council at Salisbury. Homage is done to William, son of
Henry, by the Normans.

Henry goes to Normandy for the war with France, Anjou, and
Flanders, and remains three years.

Henry defeats at Brenville his rebellious barons and Louis of
France, who with Robert of Flanders and Fulk of Anjou has
supported William, the son of Robert.

Peace is made, and Henry returns to England.

His son William is drowned.

Henry marries Adela of Louvain.

Rebellion in Normandy in favour of William, son of Robert, led by Count Waleran.

Henry, the emperor, husband of Matilda, dies.

The council of the realm swear to receive Matilda as their future sovereign.

Matilda marries Geoffrey of Anjou.

William, son of Robert, in asserting his claims to Flanders, is killed at Alost.

Fealty is again sworn to Matilda.

A son (afterwards Henry II.) is born to Matilda, and fealty again sworn to her.

Robert of Normandy dies in prison. Henry dies.

STEPHEN, 1135-1154 (19 YEARS).

Born c. 1094; Married, 1124, Matilda of Boulogne.

Stephen is received as king in England and accepted in Normandy.
Stephen grants a charter (c).

Robert, Earl of Gloucester, natural son of Henry I., throws off his
fealty to Stephen.

David of Scotland, uncle of Matilda, defeated at the battle of the
Standard, near Northallerton.

1139.

1141.

1142. 1147. 1151.

1152.

1153.

1154.

1155.

1156. 1157.

1158.

1159.

1162.

1163.

Stephen arrests the Bishop of Salisbury (the justiciar) (a),
his son (the chancellor), and his nephew (the Bishop of
Lincoln). The Bishop of Ely, another nephew, is banished.
Matilda and her brother, Robert of Gloucester, land at Portsmouth.
Civil war begins.

Stephen is captured at Lincoln.

Henry, Bishop of Winchester, papal legate, brother of Stephen, vexed by his conduct to the bishops, joins Matilda.

Matilda is acknowledged as queen, but soon estranges her sup-
porters. Routs of London and Winchester.

Robert of Gloucester is captured and exchanged for Stephen.
Matilda is besieged at Oxford, and escapes. She leaves England.
Death of Robert of Gloucester. Many warriors join the crusade.
Henry, son of Matilda, becomes Duke of Normandy and Count of
Anjou.

Henry marries Eleanor of Guienne, divorced wife of
Louis VII., and acquires her provinces.

The bishops refuse to associate Eustace, the son of Stephen, with
him in the kingdom.

Henry invades England, and renews the war. Eustace dies, and by the Treaty of Wallingford Henry is made heir to the throne. Oct. Stephen dies.

HENRY II., 1154-1189 (35 YEARS) (b).

Born 1133; Married, 1152, Eleanor of Guienne (c).

Dec. Henry (d) lands in England, is crowned, and issues his charter.

Thomas Becket becomes chancellor.

Henry resumes the royal demesnes, and destroys many of the newly built castles.

Henry, on the Continent, drives his brother Geoffrey out of Anjou.
Henry causes Malcolm, King of Scots, to give up the northern
counties and do homage for the earldom of Huntingdon,
which David had held in right of his marriage with the
daughter of Waltheof.

Henry's first expedition against Wales.
Henry goes to France for five years. The queen and the young
Prince Henry represent him in England. Henry negotiates a
marriage for his son Henry with the daughter of Louis.
Henry claims Toulouse in right of his wife, and, accompanied by
the King of Scots, makes war on the Count of Toulouse.
Henry remains on the Continent till 1163, partly engaged in
a quarrel with the King of France.

Scutage (a payment in money instead of military service) is first
regularly instituted.

Thomas Becket is elected Archbishop of Canterbury.
He resigns the chancellorship.

On Henry's return a quarrel ensues between him and Becket on a
matter of taxation (probably the exaction of Danegeld).