1351. 1352. 1353. 1356. 1360. 1362. 1364. 1367. 1369. 1370. 1372. 1373. 1374. 1376. 1377. The first Statute of Labourers (a). The first Statute of Provisors, to prevent encroachments by the Pope on patronage (b). [In this year begin a series of petitions against the usurped jurisdiction of the Privy Council.] The first Statute of Treasons (c). The first Statute of Præmunire, to prevent usurpations of jurisdiction by the Pope (d). The Black Prince marches from Bordeaux to Berri. Sept. 19. Victory of Poitiers, and capture of John II. Edward besieges Paris. Peace of Bretigny (e). Enactment that no subsidy should be set on wool by the merchants or The English language is ordered to be used in the law courts. Expedition of the Black Prince to help Pedro of Castile. The Black Prince is summoned to Paris on account of his heavy taxation of the Gascons. Queen Philippa dies. Renewal of the war. Invasion of Gascony by the French. Massacre by the English at Defeat of the English off Rochelle by the Spaniards. John of Gaunt's disastrous expedition from Calais to Bordeaux. Loss of all French dominions, except Calais, Bordeaux, and Bayonne. The Good Parliament, supported by the Black Prince and June. The Black Prince dies. John of Gaunt returns to power. He throws into prison Peter de la Mare, the Speaker of the Good Parliament. Wickliffe is cited to appear at St. Paul's. June 21. Death of Edward III. 1379. 1380. RICHARD II., 1377-1399 (22 YEARS). The French ravage the south coast. Peter de la Mare is released from prison, and elected Speaker of Appointment of provisional government (j). Walworth and Philipot are appointed treasurers of the parliamentary grant. A graduated poll-tax is imposed. An additional poll-tax is imposed. 1381. 1382. 1384. 1385. 1386. 1387. 1388. 1389. 1390. 1391. 1393. 1394. 1395. 1396. 1397. Rising of the Commons (in Kent, Essex, and elsewhere) Murder of Simon of Sudbury, Archbishop of Canterbury. Dispersion of the insurgents. [Virtual end of villenage.] Continued influence of John of Gaunt. A statute is passed against heretic preachers, which is repealed in the next Parliament. Death of Wickliffe. Richard ravages Scotland, which had received help from France. [The first records of the Privy Council appear in this year.] The Lords Appellant (the Duke of Gloucester, the Earls of Arundel, Battle of Radcot Bridge. De Vere, Duke of Ireland, is defeated. Meeting of the "Merciless" Parliament. Impeachment of the king's favourites, De Vere, Suffolk, Neville, Battle of Otterburn. The Scots are victorious, but Douglas is Richard takes the government into his own hands; he rules apparently well for eight years. Reconciliation of the Lords Appellant to the king. Return of John of Gaunt to England. The Commons pray that the Chancellor and the Council may not Statute of Provisors [re-enacting statutes of 1351 and 1362]. The great Statute of Præmunire. (See 1353, note.) Richard goes to Ireland for nine months (b). The Lollards present a remonstrance to Parliament against the power of the clergy and abuses in the Church. Richard marries Isabella of France at Calais, and a truce for Parliament confirms the Act by which Richard makes the children 1397. Richard attacks the Lords Appellant in Parliament. Gloucester dies in custody. Arundel is beheaded, and his 1398. 1399. 1400. 1401. 1402. 1403. brother, Archbishop of Canterbury, banished (a). Warwick is imprisoned for life. Parliament of Shrewsbury. (1) Annuls the Acts of the Merciless Parliament. (3) Delegates its authority to eighteen of its members. Richard, virtually absolute, rules arbitrarily. Quarrel between Hereford (formerly Earl of Derby) and Norfolk May. Richard goes to Ireland. July. Hereford, now Duke of Lancaster, lands at Ravenspur, is supported by the Percies, and joined by the Duke of York (the regent) and the mass of the people. Richard returns from Ireland and surrenders. Sept. 29. Richard, a prisoner in the Tower, resigns the crown. Sept. 30. Parliament meets, accepts the resignation, and after hearing the articles of accusation, deposes the king. HENRY IV., 1399-1413 (14 YEARS) (b). Born 1366; Married The Acts of Richard's last 1380, Mary de Bohun. parliament are annulled. The Acts of the Merciless Parliament are re-established. Rebellion of the Earls of Rutland, Huntingdon, Kent, and Salis- Richard II. disappears, and his funeral is celebrated. ing the whole reign, in spite of a series of expeditions under- Manuel Palæologus, Emperor at Constantinople, visits Henry, The Act De Heretico comburendo" is passed by the Execution of William Sawtre by royal writ [the first execution for The Scots invade England, and are defeated at Homildon Hill The king makes Henry Beaufort, his half-brother, chan cellor. |