Engineering ThermodynamicsWiley, 1915 - 203 էջ |
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Common terms and phrases
absolute temperature adiabatic expansion amount of heat applied B.t.u. per pound boiler British thermal units calculated calorimeter Carnot cycle cent compressor condensed constant pressure corresponding cubic feet curve cylinder degrees discharge dry and saturated dry saturated steam entropy equation evaporation expands adiabatically external Fahrenheit feed water final condition foot-pounds ft.-lbs gage gases h₁ H₂ heat added heat engine heat required heat taken hot body H increase indicator diagram initial condition internal energy isothermal latent heat liquid loge nozzle orifice P₁ P₁V₁ P₂ perature perfect gas pipe piston pound of steam pounds of air pounds per square pressure and volume quality of steam quantity of heat Rankine cycle represented reversible engine saturated steam specific heat square foot square inch absolute steam engine steam tables substance superheat superheated steam T₂ tank thermal efficiency thermodynamics total entropy total heat V₁ V₂ velocity weight wet steam
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Էջ 49 - ... an exact reversal of each of the transfers of heat during stages ab and cd. An engine in which this is possible is called from a thermodynamic point of view a reversible engine, and it is only the ideally perfect engine which is reversible. 23. Carnot's Principle states that no other heat engine can be more efficient than a reversible engine when both work between the same limits of temperature. Carnot's method of reasoning may be stated thus : — Imagine two engines P and Q of which P is reversible,...
Էջ 23 - B with the sound velocity where y is the ratio of the specific heat at constant pressure to the specific heat at constant volume, and p is the gas pressure.
Էջ 65 - BTU) is the amount of heat required to raise one pound of water from 59° to 60° Fahrenheit.
Էջ 21 - Joule, that when a gas expands without doing external work, and without taking in or giving out heat (and therefore without changing its stock of internal energy), its temperature does not change.
Էջ 27 - EXAMPLE. — The weight of 1 cubic foot of air at a temperature of 60° F., and under a pressure of one atmosphere (14.7 pounds per square' inch), is .0763 pound; what would be the weight per cubic foot if the volume were compressed until the tension was 5 atmospheres, the temperature still being 60° F.
Էջ 90 - ... because the air which is the medium is never allowed to fall to atmospheric pressure, so as to reduce the size of the cylinders and pipes through which a given weight is circulating. B. The compression system, using ammonia, carbon dioxide...
Էջ 85 - Unit, which is the l/180th part of the heat required to raise the temperature of 1 Ib. of water from 32° to 212° F.
Էջ 139 - If the junction b is cooled below the other parts of the circuit, a current will flow in the opposite direction, that is, from the iron through the contact b to the copper wire, etc., that is, in the opposite direction to the arrows i. In either case energy in the form of heat is converted into energy in the form of electricity. This phenomenon is known as the Seebeck effect, after the man who discovered it.
Էջ 12 - Under constant pressure the volume of a given mass of gas varies directly as the absolute temperature. (2) Under constant volume the absolute pressure of a given mass of gas varies directly as the absolute temperature. These fundamental principles, often called Gay-Lussac's or Charles' Laws, may also be stated thus: y 7i With pressure constant, — - = —±, (15) p j.
Էջ 90 - ... (C) The absorption system, using ammonia, and so-called because a weak water solution removes vapor from the evaporator by absorption, the richer aqua ammonia so formed being pumped into a high-pressure chamber called a generator in communication with the condenser, where the ammonia is discharged from the liquid solution to the condenser by heating the generator, to which the solution is delivered by the pump.