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educational and sanitary improvements. That question is, the revision and condensation of the whole body of our English law. Such a work would not only be an immense boon to the public in itself (as I will immediately show), but it would also be productive of great advantages indirectly, through the improvements which it would compel the Legislature to make in the actual substance of the law. If that were once brought into reasonable compass and written out in clear and terse language, it would be impossible to maintain many of the provisions which now stand unchallenged in the statute book or in judicial decisions. In order to show the need for consolidation, let me call attention to the fact that the large bookcase behind me contains, exclusively, the reports of our courts, which form the bulk of our unwritten law. That, however, is not the whole of our lex non scripta, for the text books of eminent writers are constantly quoted as authorities. Look at the bookcase on my left hand, and you will see that one whole shelf, stretching along the room, and a considerable portion of another, are occupied by the statute or written law, in a hundred and six volumes. Now, every lawyer is supposed to know the whole law; I cannot tell how many know all these books, of which most are necessary at some time or other, if a competent opinion is to be given on many knotty points. But of this I am quite sure, that the public cannot know the law, or understand its provisions (though, in theory, they are bound to do so), so long as it is scattered through this multitude of volumes, among which even the Bar must roam bewildered. In justice and reason condensation is absolutely required. But whenever it has been proposed to reduce this chaotic mass into something like a moderate compass, above all, when it has been proposed to bring it into the philosophical form of a code,-when it has been urged that the Roman law, which was even more confused and multiform, was cast into a code by Justinian, when it is recalled that the famous ruler of France moulded her contradictory and heterogeneous laws and customs into his Code Napoleon, then we are always told that this could be done with Roman law, and could be done with French law, but that it is impossible to do it with English law. We are told that a code can be framed in a country which is governed by the despotic will of one man, but not in a country like England, which enjoys the advantages of free institutions. There are people, I hear, who think it a blessing to have our law in this nebulous state; or if they admit that there are are some slight drawbacks in the rows of shelves I have pointed out to you, they rejoin that this is the penalty we pay for representative government. They would have us believe that if we obtained a code, we should soon groan under a despotism.

Now I will show you a fact. The four volumes lying before me contain the whole law of the State of New York, and they were produced out of the following materials: The colony of New York, like all English colonies, inherited the whole of the English law as it existed at the date when the first charter was granted by the Crown to the colonists. From that time till the Declaration of Independence, it also acquired as additions to its law any statutes passed by our Parliament that were applicable to the colonies, the Acts of its own Legislature, the ordinances of its governors, the decisions of its own courts and also the decisions of the English courts, which were received and authoritatively quoted in the colony. Subsequently to the Declaration of Independence the State of New York accumulated upon this foundation, which it had inherited from us, all the statutes enacted by its representatives, and all the unwritten law created by its judges. The body of laws thus existing in the State was as large as our own; it was just as dispersed, and it was substantially English law. The whole of it, under the direction of the Legislature of the State, was boiled down, as it were, by Mr. Dudley Field and his two colleagues, into the four volumes which you see. One of them is the civil code; another, the penal code, embraces the whole criminal law; the two others, being the code of civil and the code of penal procedure, provide the machinery by which the law is adminstered. It appears, then, that the impossibility has been accomplished, and that the same system, or rather no system, of jurisprudence which we have been accustomed to consider incapable of codification, has been reduced into a code by a representative government for the use of a free people. It is not necessary to make any comment on these facts. Having before our eyes this reduction of English law into these volumes, and knowing that Lord Romilly's commission has, to a great extent, prepared, and is now engaged in finishing, a code framed from our English jurisprudence for the use of the British subjects, and ultimately we may hope of all the subjects of Her Majesty in India; it is, perhaps, not too much to hope that at no distant date the people of this country will insist, through the voice of their representatives in Parliament, on obtaining for themselves, and their children after

them, the same inestimable boon of a compact husband, and whether it was not right that a and intelligible code.

LAW REPORTS.

husband should exercise authority? I thought, at the time it was one of the strangest questions ever put. I could not help saying that, under the In connection with this subject I am anxious to present system, there are probably as many wives say a word as to the recent accomplishment of a who have authority over their husbands, as there somewhat similar reform in the reports of judicial are husbands who have authority over their wives; decisions, by the reduction of most of the nume- and I do not apprehend that, in either case, money rous publications which existed for that purpose is the motive power. Of course, I am on the side to one set of law reports. The idea of that reform of the husbands, and wish them to exercise authooriginated in the Law Amendment Society. Sub-rity; but then I think it should be a moral authosequently it was advocated at our meetings here rity, and I cannot believe that an influence of that by our fellow-member, Mr. Daniel; and more kind depends on the possession of property. If it recently its consideration was brought before a be so, then no poor man could have authority, nor meeting of the whole Bar, and ultimately carried any man whose wife's fortune is settled to her own out by a committee of that body. I was sorry to use. To place the conjugal relations on a pecusee it stated in a leading newspaper the other day niary basis seems to me a degrading idea of marthat the merit of that signal improvement was due riage. It is surprising that some who like to term to the late Attorney-General, Sir Roundell Palmer. our Bill a social revolution, because they say it is I am sure that the writer of the article did not opposed to the sanctity of the marriage tie, should mean to be unjust, but he did a great injustice to identify the authority of a husband with the Mr. Daniel. I happen to know something of the power to appropriate his wife's money to his own matter, for I was a member of the committee of use. The sanctity of marriage ought to be maintwenty-one, appointed by the Bar at its meeting tained, and for that reason we had better not make in Lincoln's-inn-hall, to prepare a report on the the term convertible with robbery. subject, and I say advisedly that the whole merit But then it is said that the change will produce of the reform as concerns its origin, and the main a clashing of interests between husband and wife. merit as concerns its execution, is due to Mr. It is always difficult to forecast the results of any Daniel. He drew up the scheme before it was sub-change, and I cannot say beforehand whether to mitted to the Bar; it was through his exertions do justice between husband and wife will that the meeting was convened; it was he who make their interests clash; the experiment explained to that meeting the nature of the plan, has not yet been tried in this country. But and the benefits it would effect; it was he who it has been tried in the United States and organised the committee; and it was he who Canada, and the witnesses from America were carried the undertaking through, in the teeth of unanimous as to the happy effects of the law. persistent opposition, by his courage, perseverance, But we have something to guide us even here. tact, and temper. Sir Roundell Palmer had the Docs a marriage settlement always produce merit of convening the meeting, which he alone as clashing interests? Surely, if to preserve her own Attorney-General had the power to do, and of pre- property to a woman without a settlement will siding with his usual courtesy and ability; but it effect the disaster, it can hardly be averted by the was on Mr. Daniel that the work devolved, and it existence of a deed drawn by lawyers, and of sig is only just to say so in a society which has often natures and sealing-wax. benefited by his counsel.

PROPERTY OF MARRIED WOMEN.

The Bill respecting the property of married women will again occupy our attention. It was prepared last session by our standing Committee on Jurisprudence, and was introduced at their request by Mr. Shaw Lefevre. The Select Committee of the House, to whom it was referred, reported in favour of its principle, and will probably be reappointed to consider its details. Of course a number of objections were raised, as is always the case, and very naturally, to a new proposal. Having been examined as a witness myself, and having been present at the examination of several others, I think I heard all the objections that were raised before the committee, and I believe there is not one that cannot be satisfactorily answered. There seemed to be an idea that the proposed change was a revolutionary innovation. Now, pardon me, if I once more call your attention to the history of the law. I say that its present state is not ancient, but modern; that it is in itself an innovation which has sprung up, not from the force of law, but from the force of circumstances. At the time when our common law took its origin, property consisted almost wholly of land, and the law never provided that a woman's land should pass to her husband absolutely on marriage. On the contrary, while giving to the husband the management of the property during the coverture, and a life interest in the event of the birth of a child, it carefully preserved the estate to the wife and her heirs, unless her consent was obtained to its alienation. That is the law still in the absence of a marriage settlement. But as civilisation grew, personal property, which was of such small account in early times, became the chief wealth of the country, and then there arose this anomaly: the common law which, we are told by people who are opposed to a code, is so wonderfully elastic, and adapts itself so admirably to altered circumstances-remained precisely as it was, and no remedy was applied by the judges to the hardship which accrued to the woman in respect of her personal property. If it were not for the interference of the courts of equity, the fortunes of the great majority of women would be at the mercy of their husbands. But then this protection of the Court of Chancery, with its machinery of settlements and trustees, is an expensive luxury, unavailable to the poor, and cumbersome for the rich. That is the evil which our Bill designs to remedy, and I say that it is no innovation, but rather a return to the principle of the ancient law. We advocate that a woman shall not by the act of marriage suffer confiscation of her goods and chattels, but that her property shall remain her own, to give to her husband if she likes, but to retain for herself if she chooses. We say, that if the rule of equity be right, it should be made the substantive law. Marriage settlements would still be made in many cases, but in the absence of such provision the law would protect the wife. What is there unfair in that? I was asked, indeed, whether the proposed change would not destroy the authority of the

Again, it is said that a husband has a right to the whole of his wife's property and earnings, because he is answerable for her debts, and for the support of his children. Have those who advance this argument considered what the law really is? The responsibility of a husband for goods ordered by his wife rests entirely on the principle of agency; she must have his authority, express or implied, or she cannot pledge his credit. An express authority can of course be withdrawn at any time, and recent decisions seem to have reduced the doctrine of implied agency to a mere shadow. If you will read the case of Jolly v. Rees, decided by the full Court of Common Pleas, you will see that the private interdiction by a husband of the purchase by his wife of ordinary articles suitable for her station in life has been held sufficient to rebut the presumption of agency. The husband may still be liable, under any circumstances, for the bare necessaries of life, but the obligation does not seem to extend beyond that. regard to children, there is nothing in the law of England compelling a father to clothe, feed, or educate his children in a proper way, beyond this, that if they come upon the parish, an order may be made for their support. That doctrine is very clearly laid down by Blackstone, who says that this is one of the moral obligations which the law cannot enforce. On this point I refer you to the cases of Urmston v. Newcomen and Shelton v. Springett, which fully bear out the opinion of Mr. Justice Blackstone. Certainly the obligation of a father to support his children is not of a nature to justify his appropriation of his wife's property. I only hope that the committee who have charge of the Bill will take care that we have a remedy for the present injustice of the law.

LAW OF EVIDENCE.

With

The only other matter to which I will allude is the law of evidence. I prepared a Bill last session, which Mr. Denman undertook to introduce. He was unable to do so owing to the pressure of business, but he has promised to bring it forward in the new Parliament. I hope we shall see the abrogation of the absurd restrictions still existing on the admissibility of the witnesses in courts of justice. I hope that plaintiffs in breach of promise cases will be permitted to give evidence. When the injured girl is allowed in an action for seduction to go into the box and tell her tale, it is monstrous that the plaintiff in a breach of promise case, under circumstances less calculated to provoke perjury (since that is the argument), should be debarred from examination. I trust that plaintiffs and defendants in divorce suits will also have the opportunity to clear up any mysteries that may attach to their case, and to vindicate their innocence before the jury. I hope also that the testimony of a class of persons who conscientiously object to an oath, because they do not believe, not, as is often said, in a God, but in a future state of rewards and punishments, will soon be admitted. I say nothing as to the hardship on these persons themselves, but I think it has not yet been sufficiently considered how much hardship is entailed on third parties by

the refusal of their evidence.

The danger of thus defeating justice, both in civil and criminal cases, must not be overlooked. I am in hopes, if this Bill should not be passed, that some day there will be a catastrophe in our courts. A terrible murder will have been committed, and the only witness who can ensure conviction will be prevented from giving evidence on the grounds I have Parliament will then wake up to the referred to. absurdity of punishing the public by a miscarriage of justice, because a witness does not happen to entertain the orthodox belief on the subject of future rewards and punishments. The real principle underlying this question is that there must be some binding sanction on every person who gives evidence to compel him, as far as possible, to speak the truth. That is best attained by making the witness liable, if he speak falsely, to the penalties of perjury, whatever may have been the form of his oath or affirmation. Some years

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ago. in a court of assize, a little girl, who was put forward as a witness, was objected to on the ground that she was unable to understand the nature of an oath. The judge thereupon asked Do you know where children who tell lies her. go to?" Yes," she replied, "they go to bed." That was her idea of punishment for telling a falsehood, and I have little doubt that the fear of the penalty would have been a sufficient sanction on that child's mind to elicit the truth. So with adults; they may not fear being sent to bed, but they do fear the punishment of imprisonment for I am convinced that you have only to perjury. take care, whatever form of promise you exactand I would have one universally applicable and very simple that the penalties of perjury are attached to any breach of the obligation, and then you have perfect security for the truth in the great majority of cases.

The questions to which I have alluded are, I believe, those most likely to require your attention at the present moment. There may be others which may possibly come before you, such as that of a public prosecutor, but it is impossible for me to deal with them all in this address. The remarks which I have made are solely on my own responsibility, and while I ask for them your favourable consideration, I invite at the same time a searching criticism. They are intended to elicit that free discussion which the association holds to be the best means of arriving at the truth. The wisest of men said that in a multitude of counsellors there is safety. I believe he said so because he knew that out of the multitude there would arise that debate, that diversity of opinion and collision of thought, which result in something better than the judgment of the most gifted individual among men. I ask only from those who differ, the frank expression of their opinion; from those who agree, their hearty support; or, in the words of an old quotation, which is none the worst for being old, seeing that it comes from one of the pleasantest as well as the pithiest of poets

Si quid novisti rectius istis,
Candidus imperti, si non, his utere mecum.

BAXTER, SAMUEL, baker, Alconbury Preston. Pet. Dec. 14. Reg.
Murray. O. A. Parkyns. Sols. Messrs. Turner, Aldermanbury,
agent for Gaches, Peterborough. Sur. Jan. 4
BROWNING, FREDERICK, farmer, Kingsdown, near Dartford. Pet.
Dec. 16. Reg. Pepys. O. A. Graham. Sol. Edwards, Bush-la,
Cannon-st. Sur. Jan. 5

BYFORD, WILLIAM THOMAS, confectioner, Waterloo-rd, and
Gibson st, Waterloo-rd. Pet. Dec. 14. Reg. Murray. O. A.
Parkyns. Sol Pittman, Guildhall-chambers, Basinghall-st.
Sur. Jan. 4

CHALCROFT, JOHN, jun., builder, Milton-grove, Upper Holloway. Pet. Dec. 9. Reg. Murray. O. A. Parkyns. Sol. Tilley, Finsbury-pavement. Sur. Jan. 4

CLOWES, EDWARD, banker's clerk, Cornwall-rd, Hammersmith,
and National Provincial Bank, Bishopsgate-st. Pet. Dec. 15.
Reg. Murray. O. A. Parkyns. Sol. Tindale, Upper Thames-st.
Sur. Jan. 4
COLDHAM, DANIEL, late victualler, Edgware. Pet. Dec. 15. Reg.
Murray. O. A. Parkyns. Sol. Heap, New-inn, Strand. Sur.
Jan. 4

CONSTABLE, HENRY, beerhouse keeper, Upper Norwood. Pet.

Dec. 1. O. A. Edwards. Martin's-la. Sur. Jan. 18

Sol. Johnson, St. Martin's-ct, St.

Cook, JOHN, Ironmonger, Mortlake. Pet. Dec. 14. 0. A. Ed

wards. Sol. Parsons, King William-st, Strand. Sur. Jan. 13 DEAN, GEORGE, beer retailer, Forest-gate. Pet. Dec. 14. 0. A. Edwards. Sol. Dobson, Colmer-st, Mile-end. Sur. Jan. 13 EDGE, ELIZABETH, spinster, dressmaker, Westbourne-grove-ter, Bayswater. Pet. Dec. 12. Reg. Roche. O. A. Parkyns. Sol. Watson, Basinghall-st. Sur. Jan. 4

EVEREST, FREDERICK JAMES, clerk to an estate agent, Lower
Sloane-st, Chelsea. Pet. Dec. 15. Reg. Murray. O. A. Parkyns.
Sol. Godfrey, Hatton-gdn. Sur. Jan. 4
FLANDERS, CHARLES, horsedealer, James-st, Bethnal-green.
Pet. Dec 16. Reg. Pepys. O. A. Graham. Sol. Apps, South-sq,
Gray's-inn. Sur. Jan. 5

FULLER, CHARLES EDWARD, American merchant, Sambrook-ct,
Basinghall-st. Pet. Dec. 15. Reg. Murray. O. A. Parkyns.
Sols. Allen and Colley, Old Jewry. Sur. Jan. 4
GOODHEW, JAMES, farmer, Bredgar. Pet. Dec. 10. O. A. Ed-
wards. Sols. Hughes and Co., St. Swithin's-la. Sur. Jan. 11
GUNDRY, WILLIAM, merchant, Fenchurch st. Pet. Dec. 2.
Reg. Pepys. O. A. Graham.
Sur.
Sol. Edwards, Bush-la.
Dec. 29
HANCOCK, FREDERICK WILLIAM, insurance broker, Adam's-ct,
Old Broad-st. Pet. Dec. 15. Reg. Pepys. O. A. Graham. Sol.
Randall, King's Bench-walk, Tempie. Sur. Jan. 5
HEATH, JOSEPII, chemist, Plumstead. Pet. Dec. 15. Reg. Roche.
Sur.
O. A. Parkyns. Sols. Rhodes, Church-ct, Clements-la.
HILL, SIDNEY AUGUSTUS, milliner, High Holborn. Pet. Dec. 15.
O. A. Edwards. Sol. Biddles, South-sq, Gray's inn. Sur, Jan. 13
HILLARY, HENRY, and ASHFOLD, JOHN, builders, Canterbury-rd.
Kilburn-pk. Pet. Dec. 14. Reg. Murray. O. A. Parkyns. Sol,
Serrell, Lincoln's-inn-fds. Sur. Jan. 4

Jan. 6

Pet.

HOLMAN, THOMAS, late victualler, Albert-pl, Milwall.
Dec. 15. Reg. Murray. O. A. Parkyns. Sol. Biddles, South-sq,
Gray's-inn. Sur. Jan. 4
HOPPER, WILLIAM, baker, Upper North-st, Poplar. Pet. Dec. 14.
O. A. Edwards. Sol. Brown, Basinghall-st. Sur. Jan. 13
HORWOOD, JOHN FREDERICK, mercantile clerk, Smyrk's-rd,
Old Kent rd. Pet. Dec. 11. Reg. Pepys. O. A. Graham. Sol.
Chipperfield, Trinity-st, Southwark. Sur. Dec. 31

HOWARD, JOHN, formerly miller, Westerham. Pet. Dec. 13. Reg. Pepys. O. A. Graham. Sols. Harcourt and Co., King's arms-yd. Sur. Jan. 5

HUBER, THEOPHILE, hairdresser, Lisson grove, St. Marylebone.
Pet. Dec. 14. Reg. Murray. O. A. Parkyns. Sol. Rodwell,
Edgware-rd. Sur. Jan. 4
KEELING, HENRY, toydealer, Camden-passage, Islington-green.
Pet. Dec. 14. O. A. Edwards. Sol. Steadman, London-wall.
Sur. Jan. 13

KING, AUGUSTUS CORNELIUS, builder, Stock Orchard-st, Cale-
donian-rd, and Holloway-rd, Islington. Pet. Dec. 11. 0. A.
Edwards. Sols. Barton and D. ew, Fore-st. Sur. Jan. 11
LAMB, THOMAS, lodging house keeper, Bournemouth. Pet.
Dec. 14. Reg. Pepys. O. A. Graham. Sols. Lovell & Co., Gray's-
inn-q. Sur. Dec. 31
LAMKIN, WILLIAM, grocer, Stoke-next-Guildford. Pet. Dec. 14.
Reg. Pepys. O. A. Graham. Sol. White, Dane's-inn, and Guild-
ford. Sur. Dec. 31

LEVY, JOHN, rag merchant, Gravel-la. Houndsditch. Pet. Dec. 15. Reg. Murray. O. A. Parkyns. Sols. Lewis & Lewis, Ely-pl. Holborn. Sur. Jan. 4

MERIFIELD, JAMES, tailor, Strand, and Addiscombe. Pet. Dec. 14. Reg. Murray. O. A. Parkyns. Sols. Shaw & Tremellin, Gray's-inn-sq. Sur. Dec. 30

PERVANOGLU, JOHN ADOs, shipping agent, Fenchurch-st. Pet. Dec. 11. Reg. Pepys. O. A. Graham. Sol. Stocken, Leadenhallst. Sur. Dec. 31

PHILLIPS, GEORGE, farmer, Ickenham, near Uxbridge. Pet. Dec. 14. Reg. Pepys. O. A. Graham. Sol. Dobie, Gresham-st. Sur.

Jan. 3

RAYNER, JOHN, coffee house keeper, Three Colt-st, Limehouse. Pe. Dec. 15. Reg. Murray. O. A. Parkyns. Sol. Angell, Guild. hall-yd. Sur. Jan. 4

RIBBONS, THOMAS, horse dealer, Greenwich. Pet. Dec. 14. Reg.
Pepys. O. A. Graham. Sol. Philby, Fenchurch-bldgs. Sur.
Dec. 31

SOUTHGATE, HENRY, auctioneer, Strand, and Forest-hill. Pet.
Dec. 16. Reg Pepys. O. A. Graham. Sol. May, Russell-sq. Sur.
Jan. 5
STRAIGHT, SAMUEL, ivory cutter, Frederick-st, Islington. Pet.
Dec. 12. O. A. Edwards.
Sur.
Sol. Harrison, Basinghall-st.
Jan. 13
SWALLOW, RICHARD LANCASTER, victualler, Back-hill, Hatton-
Pet. Dec. 14.
garden.
Reg. Pepys. O. A. Graham. Sol.
Biddles, South-sq, Gray's-inn. Sur. Jan. 5
TAGG, CHARLES WILLIAM, butcher, St. Mark's-ter, Notting-hill.
Sol. Brighten, Bishopsgate.st.

LAW STUDENTS' DEBATING SOCIETY. At the meeting of this society on Tuesday se'nnight the question for discussion was, "Where a deed containing a covenant recites a former deed, which former deed recites a particular fact, in an action on the covenant is the defendant stopped by such recital: (Cutler v. Bower, 11 Q. B. 973) which was opened by Mr. M. P. Jones in the negative, and so decided by the society. The next meeting will be on Tuesday, the 5th Jan. 1869, of which due notice will be given in our advertising VON LEHENNER, WILLIAM and VON LEHENNER, ADOLPH, columns.

The society now numbers upwards of 160 members, of whom 50 are members of the Incorporated Law Society.

[This arrived too late for insertion last week.— ED. L. T.]

HULL LAW STUDENTS' SOCIETY. At the weekly meeting of this society, held as usual at the Hull Law Library, the Vice-President examined the members present on "Bailments and Carriers" from Chitty on Contracts."

The

moot point was, "Was the case of Wyatt v. Marshall, reported in the LAW TIMES, Aug. 1, 1863, rightly decided?" Mr. Glover led the affirmative, and Mr. Dawson the negative. The point was finally decided in the affirmative.

Dec. 29. Examination : · Guarantees Indemnities.”

and

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Pet. Dec. 14. O. A. Edwards. without. Sur. Jan. 13 TINDALE, MICHAEL FRANCIS, cabinet maker, Portland - pl. Stepney. Pet. Dec. 14. Reg. Brougham. O. A. Edwards. Sol. Biddles, South-sq, Gray's-inn. Sur. Jan. 18

Pet.

restauranteurs, Leadenhall-st. Pet. Dec. 16. 0. A. Edwards.
Sols. Miller and Smith, Watling-st. Sur. Jan. 18
WADDINGTON, HARTLEY, share dealer, Old Broad - st.
Dec. 15. Reg. Murray. O. A. Parkyns. Sol. Stackpoole,
Pinners hall, Old Broad-st. Sur. Jan. 4
WARD, THOMAS ALFRED, engraver, Vincent-ter, Islington. Pet.
Dec. 14. Reg. Murray. O. A. Parkyns. Sol. Payne, Bedford-
row. Sur. Jan. 4

WARD, WILLIAM, woollen merchant, Houndsditch, and Tredegar-
sq. Bow. Pet. Dec. 10. Reg. Pepys. O. A. Graham. Sols.
Barton and Drew, Fore-st. Sur. Dec. 31
WHEELER, EDWARD MARTIN, and WHEELER, JOSEPH, coach-
smiths, Robert-st, Grosvenor-sq. Pet. Dec. 16. Reg. Pepys.
O. A. Graham. Sol. Watson, Basinghall-st. Sur. Jan. 5
WINSTANLEY, WILLIAM NEWNHAM, brewer, Shirley. Pet.
Dec. 10. Reg. Pepys, O. A. Graham. Sols. Wilkinson and Co.
Bedford st, Covent-garden. Sur. Dec. 31

WOODARD, EPHRAIM, late builder, Norfolk-ter, Acton. Pet.
Dec. 14. Reg. Murray. O. A. Parkyns. Sol. Watson, Basing-
hall-st. Sur. Jan. 4
YOUNG, ABRAHAM THOMAS, jobbing butcher, Union-st, Ken-
nington-rd. Pct. Dec. 16. Reg. Roche. O. A. Parkyns. Sol.
Pittman, Basinghall-st. Sur. Jan. 6

To Surrender in the Country.

| BALL LUCIUS, silk manufacturer, Leek. Pet. Dec. 16. Reg. &
O. A. Allen. Sols. Messrs Tennant, Hanley. Sur. Jan. 7
BENNION, JOSEPH, grocer, Madeley. Pet. Dec. 16. Reg. Hill.
O. A. Kinnear. Sols, Slaney, Newcastle-under-Lyme, and Row-
lands, Birmingham. Sur. Jun. 4
BLACKETT, RALPH, colliery owner, Durham. Pet. Oct. 19. Reg.
Gibson. O. A. Laidman. Sol. Hoyle, Newcastle. Sur. Jan. 8
BOND, HENRY, bootmaker, Carmarthen. Pet. Dec. 11. Reg. &
O. A. Lloyd. Sol. Davies, Carmarthen. Sur. Jan. 5
BOOTH, EDWARD, slater, Birkenhead. Pet. Dec. 15. Reg. & O. A.
Wason. Sol. Anderson, Birkenhead. Sur. Dec. 30
CAROLAN, OWEN, beerhouse keeper, Middlesbrough. Pet. Dec.
14. Reg. & O. A. Crosby. Sol. Dobson, Middlesbrough. Sur.
Dec. 31

CARTLICH, JOHN, potter, Stoke-upon-Trent. Pet. Dec. 16. Reg.
& O. A. Keary. Sol. Litchfield, Newcastle-under-Lyme. Sur.
Jan 2
CLIFFORD, HENRY, farmer, Linton. Pet. Dec. 10. Reg. Hill, O. A.
Kinnear. Sols. James and Griffin, Birmingham. Sur. Jan, 4
CUMMINGS, JOHN, victualler, Landport. Pet. Dec. 12. Reg. & O. A.
Howard. Sol. Champ, Portsea. Sur. Jan. 2
CURTIS, MATTHEW, hay dealer, Leigh. Pet. Dec. 16. Reg. Wilde.
O. A. Acraman. Sol. Messrs. Brittan, Bristol. Sur. Dec. 30

DALTON, GEORGE, baker, Long Itchington. Pet. Dec. 15. Reg
Tudor. O. A. Kinnear. Sol. Allen, Birmingham. Sur. Jan. 4
FELLOWS, JOSEPH, beerhouse keeper, Sheffield. Pet. Dec. 13. Reg.
& O. A. Wake and Rodgers. Sol. Micklethwaite, Sheffield. Sur.
Jan. 8
FRYER, JAMES RICHARD, bookseller, Bath. Pet. Dec. 14. O. A.
Smith. Sol. McCarthy, Bath. Sur. Dec. 9
GUY, HENRY, master mariner, Liverpool. Pet. Dec. 10. Reg. &
O. A. Hime. Sol. Bellringer, Liverpool. Sur. Dec. 30
HAWES, CHARLOTTE, and HAWES, WILLIAM, frock makers,
Haverhill. Pet. Dec. 14. Reg. & O. A. Jardine. Sol. Cardinall,
Halstead. Sur. Jan. 1

HISCOCKS, JAMES (called James Cox), butcher, Bristol. Pet.
Dec. 10. Reg. & O. A. Harley and Gibbs. Sol. Hill Sur.
Pet. Dec. 14. Reg. &

Jan. 15

HOLLIN, JOHN, cabinet maker, Oakham.

O. A. Hough. Sol. Law, Stamford. Sur. Jan. 11 HOPE, THOMAS, collier, Worsley, near Manchester. Pet. Dec. 16. Reg. & O. A. Hulton. Sol. Brandwood, Manchester. Sur. Jan. 2 HORTON, THOMAS, commission agent, Westbromwich. Pet. Dec. 14. Reg. & O. A. Watson. Sol. Shakespeare, Oldbury. Sur. Jan. 5

HULBERT, WILLIAM OLIVE, innkeeper, Gloucester. Pet. Nov. 12.
Reg. & O. A. Wilton. Sol. Cooke, Gloucester. Sur. Dec. 29
JOWETT, AMOS, victualler, Hope-town, near Darlington. Pet.
Dec. 15. Reg. & O. A. Bowes. Sol. Robinson, Darlington. Sur.
Dec. 31

KEY, FRANCIS, jun., horse dealer, Crich. Pet. Dec. 5. Reg. &
0. A. Hubbersty. Sol. Stone, Wirksworth. Sur. Dec. 28
MASLEN, THOMAS HENRY CORNELIUS, bootmaker, Bath. Pet.
Dec. 10. O. A. Smith. Sol. McCarthy, Bath. Sur. Dec. 29
MASON, HENRY RICHARD, awl blade manufacturer, Bloxwich.
Pet. Dec. 16. O. A. Clarke. Sol. Stanley, Walsall. Sur. Jan. 5
MCGRATH, JOHN, master mariner, Cardiff. Pet. Dec. 9, Reg.
Wilde. O. A. Acraman. Sur. Dec. 30
MOUSLEY, EDWARD, out of business, Leicester. Pet. Dec. 16.
Reg. Tudor. O. A. Harris.
Sur.
Sol. Macauley, Leicester.
Jan. 12
MURPHY, NICHOLAS, grocer, Kirkdale.

Jan. 15

Pet. Dec. 14. O. A. Turner. Sol. Burker, Liverpool. Sur. Jan. 7 NURSE, HENRY WYATT, vendor of milk, Bishopsworth. Pet. Dec. 16. Reg. & O. A. Harley and Gibbs. Sol. Clifton. Sur. PAGE, EDWARD, boot maker, Guildford. Pet. Dec. 12. Reg. & O. A. Marshail. Sol. White, Dane's-inn, Strand, and Guildford. Sur. Jan. 2 Pet. Dec. 14. O. A. Clarke.

PARKES, JOHN, victualler, Walsall.

Sols. Duignan, Lewis and Lewis, Walsall. Sur. Jan. 5
PEARCE, CHARLES, grocer's assistant, Dover. Pet. Dec. 14. Reg.
&O. A. Greenhow. Sol. Fox, Dover. Sur. Jan. 1
PEARDON, RICHARD HARRIS, grocer, Stratton. Pet. Dec. 14.
O. A. Carrick. Sols. Stratton, Cornwall; and Floud, Exeter.
Sur. Dec. 28

POPPLETON, EDWARD, formerly flour dealer, Wakefield. Pet.
Dec. 14. Reg. & O. A. Mason. Sol.Gil, Wakefield. Sur. Jan. 2
POWELL, CHARLES, innkeeper, Melton Mowbray. Pet. Dec. 12.
Reg. & O. A. Oldham. Sol. Owston, Leicester. Sur. Dec. 30
RIDLEY, GEORGE, manager of an inn, Ormsby. Pet. Dec. 15.
O. A. Young. Sol. Dobson, Middlesbrough; and Bond and
Barwick, Leeds. Sur. Jan. 4
Pet. Dec. 16. Reg. Wilde.

SMITH, HENRY, bootmaker, Bristol.

O. A. Aeraman. Sols. Pigeon and Ward, Bristol. Sur. Dec. 30 SMITH, JOHN, general dealer, West Cowes. Pet. Dec. 14. Reg. & O. A. Blake. Sol. Joyce, Newport. Sur. Dec. 30 TURNER, THOMAS LINES, de ler in ale, Birmingham. Pet. Dec. 9. Reg, & O. A. Guest. Sol. Francis, Birmingham. Sur. Jun. 8 WADE, MOSES, and WADE, NOAH, joiners, Stanningley. Pet. Dec. 16. O. A. Young. Sol. Carr, Leeds. Sur. Jan. 4 WARD, SAMUEL ROOTSEY, draper, Huddersfield. Pet. Dec. 7. O. A. Young. Sols. Heather, Son, and Gill, Paternoster-row, and Richardson and Turner, Leeds Sur. Jan. 4 WHITE, THOMAS, straw hat manufacturer, Luton. Pet. Dec. 9. Reg. & O. A. Austin. Sol. Bailey, Luton. Sur. Dec. 23 WOODFORD, MARIA ANN, victualler, Sundown, Isle of Wight, Pet. Dec. 15. Reg. & O. A. Blake. Sol. Joyce, Newport. Dec. 30

Gazette, Dec. 22.

Sur.

Pet.

To surrender at the Bankrupts' Court, Basinghall-street. ADAMS, JOHN, out of business, Dunstan st, Kingsland-rd. Dec. 17. Reg. Roche. O. A. Parkyns. Sol. Watson, Basinghallst. Sur. Jan. 6 ALBURY, FREDERICK WILLIAM, clerk to an architect, Devorshire-street, Bloomsbury. Pet. Dec. 19. Rog. Roche. O. A. Parkyns. Sol. Pitman, King's-road, Bedford-row. Sur. Jan 6 BARRATT, THOMAS, carpenter, Artesian-rd, Bayswater. Pet. Dec. 17. Reg. Murray. O. A. Parkyns. Sur. Jun. 11 RAULT, LOUIS, wine merchant, Greek-st, Soho, and Milton-ter, Dulwich. Pet. Dec. 10. Reg. Pepys. O. A. Graham. Sols. Messrs. Lewis, Ely-pl, Holborn. Sur. Jan. 7 BOUTELL, CHARLES, clerk in Holy Orders, Jermyn-st. Dec. 17. Reg. Roche. 0. A. Purkyns. Sol. Ilderton, Mark-la, Fenchurch-st Sur. Jan. 6

Pet.

BETT, CHRISTOPHER RUSSELL, glass dealer, Fleet-la, and St.
Paul's rd, Walworth. Pet. Dec. 17. O. A. Edwards. Sol.
Brighten, Bishopsgate-st without. Sur. Jan. 18
CHANNELL, GEORGE, general shopkeeper, Horsham. Pot. Dec 16.
Q. A. Edwards. Sol Watson, Basinghall-st. Sur. Jan. 18
CHIGNALL, JOHN FURMAGE, watchinaker, Waterloo-rd, Lambeth.
and Grant-rd, Clapham Junction. Pet. Dec. 18. 0. A. Edwards.
Sol. Pittman, Stamford-st. Sur. Jan. 18
DEWAR, FREDERICK CHARLES, theatrical performer, King's-rd,
Chelsea. Pet. Dec. 19. Reg. Pepys. O. A. Graham. Sol. Pritchard,
Southampton-bldgs, Chancery-in. Sur. Jan. 7

DUCKER, ROBERT, grocer, Worthing. Pet. Dec. 18. O. A. Edwards.
Sol. Ouve, Portsmouth-st, Lincoln's inn-flelds. Sur. Jan. 18
FRANKLAND, JAMES, bootmaker, Albert-terrace, Upper Norwood.
Pet. Dec. 15. O. A. Edwards. Sol. Dobie, Gresham-st. Sur.
Jan. 13

GODBOLT, GEORGE, builder, King's-road, Chelsea. Pet. Nov. 27. Reg. Pepys. O. A. Graham. Sols. Messrs. Miller, Sherborne-la. Sur. Jan. 7

HARRIS, WOOLF, fishmonger, Lardner's-bldgs. Pet. Dec. 16. Reg.
Pepys. O. A. Graham Sol. Lewis, Cheapside. Sol. Jan. 7
HARVEY, ISAAC, baker, Elder-pl, Lower Norwood'. Pet. Dec. 17.
Rez. Pepys. O. A. Graham. Sol. Mott, St. Paul's-chambers,
Paternoster-row. Sur. Jan. 7

HAYDON, JOHN, out of business, Calthorpe-st, Gray's-inn-rd.
Pet. Dec. 15. Reg. Pepys. O. A. Graham. Sol. Dobie, Gresham-
st. Sur. Jan. 5
HOYLE, JOSEPH, commercial traveller, Trulock-villas, Tottenham.
Pet. Dec. 18. Reg. Roche. O. A. Parkyns. Sol. Plunkett,
Gutter-la. Sur. Jan. 6
KING, HENRY, sen., and KING, HENRY, jun., fruiterers, late
Church-st, Whitechapel. Pet. Dec. 17. Reg. Murray. O. A.
Parkyns. Sur. Jan. 11
Pet.

KNIGHT, WILLIAM WATTS, out of business, Farnham,
Dec. 19. Reg. Roche. O. A. Parkyns. Sol. Shiers, New inn,
Strand. Sur. Jan. 6
LANCHESTER, THOMAS, bottled beer merchant, Medway-ter.
Deptford. Pet. Dec. 19. O. A. Edwards. zol. Boyue, South-
sq. Gray's-inn. Sur. Jan. 18
LANE THOMAS, builder, Thicket-road and Weighton-rd, Penge.
Pet. Dec. 16. O. A. Edwards, Sol. Powell, King-st, Cheapside.
Sur. Jan. 18

LE VOI, MICHAEL LEVY, dealer in fancy goods, Houndsditch and
City-rd, Islington. Pet. Dec. 19. Reg. Roche. O. A. Parkyns.
Sol. Hobbes, Bishopsgate-st without. Sur. Jan, 6
MACQUEEN, JOHN POFTER, captain in the 7th Hussars, Cathcart-
st, Kentish-town. Pet. Dec. 18. Reg. Roche. O. A. Parkyns.
Sol. May, Golden-sq, Westminster. Sur. Jan. 11
MAYER, EDWARD JACOB ANTHONY, licensed victualler, Duke-st,
Grosvenor-sq. Pet. Dec. 15. Reg. Brougham. O. A. Edwards.
Sol. Watson, Basinghall-street. Sur. Jan. 18
MORSE, JOHN WILLIAM, out of business, Frith-road, Croydon.
Pet. Dec. 17. Reg. Roche. O. A. Parkyns. Sol. George-st.
Mansion-house. Sur. Jan. 6

OLLIF, FRANCIS, Sadler, late Leather-lane, Holborn. Pet. Dec. 17.
Reg. Murray. O. A. Parkyns. Sur. Jan. 14
PAIN, EDWIN WILLIAM, hairdresser, Russell-st, Brixton-rd.
Pet. Dec. 15. O. A. Edwards. Sol. Dobie, Gresham-st. Sur.
Jan. 18

PAXMAN, ROBERT SPARROW, coachbuilder, Mile-end-road. Pet. Dec. 18. O. A. Edwards. Sol. Medcalf, Oresham-bldgs, Basinghall-st. Sur. Jan. 18

PEERS, ALFRED, pianoforte maker, Gloucester rd, Regent's-park. Reg. Roche. O. A. Parkyns. Sol. Cooper, Lincoln's-inn-fields. Sur. Jan. 6

QUARRY, THOMAS BLOOMFIELD, publican, late New King-st Deptford Pet. Dec. 17. Reg. Murray, O. A. Parkyns. Sur. Jan. 12 SMITH, JAMES, greengrocer, Johnson-pl, Harrow-rd. Pet. Dec. 15. O. A. Edwards. Sol. Scarth, Welbeck-st, Cavendish-sq. Sur. Jan. 18

1

SNEATH, JOHN SORFLEET, out of business, South Lambeth-rd. Pet. Dec. 17. Reg. Roche. O. A Parkyns. Sol. Dodd, jun., New Bread-st. Sur. Jan. 6

SUTTON, THOMAS HENRY, picture dealer, Russell-ct, Drury-la. Pet. Dec. 15. Reg. Pepys. O. A. Graham. Sol. Watson, Basinghallst. Sur. Jan. 5.

TREGASKIS, THOMAS PHILIP, out of employment, Wardrobe-pl, Doctors'-commons. Pet. Dec. 17. O. A. Edwards. Sol. Dobie, Gresham-st. Sur. Jan. 18

TURTLE, SARAH AMELIA, widow, baker, Salisbury. Pet. Dec. 17. O. A. Edwards. Sol. Rigby, Basinghall-st. Sur. Jan. 18 WAKEFIELD, RICHARD, accountant, Cros-st, Islington. Pet. Dec. 15. Reg. Pepys. O. A. Graham. Sol. Doble, Gresham-st. Sur. Jan. 5

WHITE, ARTHUR TUER, corndealer, Plaistow. Pet. Dec. 18. Reg. Roche. 0. A. Parkyns. Sol. Layton, jun., Novarino-cottage, Bow.rd. Sur. Jan. 6

WINTERFLOOD, JOHN, shoemaker, Chelmsford. Fet. Dec. 16. Reg. Pepys. O, A. Graham. Sur. Jan. 7

To surrender in the Country.

O. A. Reg. &

BOND, GEORGE (otherwise called Frederick Bond), brown paper manufacturer, Durham. Pet. Dec. 15. Reg. Gibson. Laidinan. Sol. Brign, Durham. Sur. Jan. 12 BROMFIELD, JOEL, builder, Wilmington. Pet. Dec. 17. O. A. Stamp. Sol. Tweed, Honiton. Sur. Dec. 20 BROWN, JAMES, picker maker, Snigbrook. Pet. Dec. 15. 0. A. Bolton. Sol. Saward. Blackburn. Sur. Jan. 4 BROWN, JOHN, manager of a livery stable-yard, Durham. Pet. Dec. 17. Rg. & O. A. Bowes. Sol. Allison and Willan, Darlington. Sur. Jan. 6

Reg. &

BURT, MATTHEW HENRY, grocer, Marnhull. Pet. Dec. 15. Reg.
& O. A. Burridge. Sol. Dushwood, Sturminster Newton. Sur.
Jan. 2
BUTLER, JOHN, baker, Birmingham. Pet. Dec. 26. Reg. & O. A.
Guest. Sol. Rowlands, Birmingham. Sur. Jan. 8
BUTLER, RICHARD, baker, Burnham, Pet. Dec. 19. Reg. & O. A.
Darvill. Sol. Phillips, Windsor. Sur. Jan. 2
CARPENTER, JAMES, coach builder, Southampton. Pet. Dec. 18.
Reg. & O. A. Thorndike. Sol. Mackey, Southampton. Sur.
Dec. 31

CHILTHAM, JOHN, grocer, Nuneaton. Fet Dec. 17. Reg. & O. A.
Dewes. Sol. Craddock, Nuneaton, Sur. Jan. 4
CLARKE, DANIEL AMES, yarn agent, Ardwick.

Pet. Dec. 19.

Reg. Macrae. O. A. McNeill. Sols. Atkinson, Saunders, and Co., Birmingham. Sur. Jan. 14 CLARKE, JOHN HOPE, out of business, Ardwick.

Pet. Dec. 19. Reg. Macrae. O. A. McNeill. Sols. Atkinson, Saunders, and Co., Manchester. Sur. Jan. 14 COULSON, JOHN, wood dealer. Leeds,

Pet. Oct. 15. Reg. & O. A.
Marshall. Sol. Jeb, Halifax. Sur. Jan. 8
DAY, SAMUEL, soda water manufacturer, Torquay. Pet. Dec. 18.
Reg. & O. A. Pidsley. Sol. Carter, Torquay. Sur. Jan. 5
DOWMAN, WILLIAM, higgler, Metheringham. Pet. Dec. 19. Reg.
& O. A. Uppleby. Sol. Rex, Lincoln. Sur. Jan. 8
FAWCETT, ROBERT, bill poster, Leeds. Pet. Dec. 18. Reg. &
O, A. Marshall. Sol. Harle, Leeds. Sur. Jan. 9
FEBER, JAMES, warehouseman, Vale, near Todmorden. Pet.
Nov. 14. Reg. & O. A. Eastwood. Sols. Seymour and Blyth.
Sur. Dec. 30

FILBEY, JOHN THOMAS, coach bullder, Over, near Gloucester
Pet Dec. 18. Reg. Wilde. O. A. Acraman.
Bristol. Sur. Jan. 1

GARDNER, STEPHEN, grocer. Cinderford.
Wilde.

Sol. Beckingham,

[blocks in formation]

Pet.

GIBB, JOSEPH, miller, Low Walk Mill, near Morpeth.
Dec. 15. Reg. & O. A. Brumell. Sol. Wilkinson, Morpeth.
Sur. Jan. 3
HAIGH, JAMES, provision dealer, Leeds. Pet. Dec. 17. Reg. &
O. A. Marshall. Sols. Shackleton and Whiteley, Leeds. Sur.
Jan. 8
HEWITT, PETER, baker, Birmingham. Pet. Dec. 18. Reg. &
O. A Guest. Sols. Messrs. Brown, Birmingham. Sur. Jan. 8
JACKSON, ELIJAH, out of business, Birmingham. Pet. Dec. 19.
O. A. Kinnear. Sol. Harrison, Birmingham. Sur. Jan. 4
JONES, HUGH, master mariner, Tynewydd. Pet. Dec. 17. Reg.
& O. A. Dew. Sol. Jones, Menai Bridze. Sur. Dec. 31
LANGFORD, JOSEPH, chair maker, Manchester.
Reg, & O. A. Kay, Sol Kershaw, Manchester. Sur. Jan 12
LARKIN, WILLIAM, Cooper, Maidenhead. Pet. Dec. 19. Reg. &
O. A. Darvill. Sol. Spicer, Bucks. Sur. Jan. 2
LILLEY, JOHN, carter, Leeds. Pet. Dec. 14. Reg. & O. A. Mar-
shall. Sols, Messrs. Granger, Leeds. Sur. Jan. 8
LINGARD, EBENEZER, (Sucd as Edward Lingard), beerhouse
keeper, late of Great Grimsby. Pet. Dec. 9. Reg. & 0. A.
Daubney. Sur. Jan. 1

GOODIER, THOMAS, market gardener, Liverpool and Maghull. Oct. 10, 1868

HANBURY, LOUISA, widow, no occupation, Union-grove, Wandsworth-rd. Sept. 11, 1868

Dibidends.

BANKRUPTS' ESTATES.

The Official Assignees are given, to whom apply for the Dividends.

Avern, T. wine merchant, second: 18. 8d. Parkyns, London.Beaks, J. iron fence manufacturer, first, 18. Turner, Liverpool. -Bee, W. N. commander R. N., third, 1s. 04. Edwards, Lendon. Cook, J. linendraper, first, 48, 61. Parkyns, London. -Cooke, G. shoe manufacturer, first, 41, 5-16ths. Parkyns, London. Hash and Puttere, graces, first, 4. G. Edwards, London.Hofray, C. G. M. gentleman, fret, 2. Elwards, London.-Moore, F. W. vietuiller, first, 28, 41. Edwards, London. -Patches 1. W. baker, first, 18, 107, Elwards, Londoa.-Torgood, G. coal merchant, first, 38. 314. Edwards, London--WuLasley, T. and Hi! usley, H. silk manufacturers, second, d. Parkyns, LondonWilona, R. vietu dler, first, C. Parkyns, London.-Windham, W. F. stage coach proprietor, first, 6, 37. Parkyns, London.—W'island, T. G. gasfitter, first, 5s. 34. Edwards, London.

INSOLVENTS' ESTATES.

Apply at the Provisional Assignees Office, Portugal-street, Lincoln's-inn-fields, between 11 and 2, on Tuesdays only. Bradley, R. superannuated clerk, fourth, 18, 102.--Jesup, W. of Park-st, Dorset sq, fourth, 18. 24.-Kemp, J. lieutenant R. N. third, 6, 5.-M, R. pensioner, second, 48. 10.-Wynne, W. R. railway clerk, second, 48. Dd.

The Official Assignee is given, to whom apply for the Dividend. Cooper, W. teacher of music, third, 1147. Acworth, County Court, Rochester.-Knight, S. grocer, 18. 9. Acworth, County Court, Rochester.

Assignment, Composition, Jaspectorship, and Trust Deeds.

Gazette, Dec. 18.

BAKER, THOMAS, bookseller, Ramsgate. Nov. 12. 12%. G7, by five equal instalments, on Dec. 1, April 1, July 1, and Sept. 1, 189, and Feb.1, 1870-secured. Trust. R. Cramp, jun., brewer, Rimsgate. BLAMPEY, THOMAS, and BLAMPEY, JOHN, builders, Torquay. Nov. 11. 2, in 1 week

BOLTON, SAMUEL, builder, Peterborough. Nov. 21. 10s. in 28 days
BRANSON, JOHN, grocer, Stoke-upon-Trent. Nov. 13. Trust. S.
Hayes, accountant, Hanley
Nov. 16. 48. by
two equal inst Oments, on Nov. 27 and Dec. 13, 1868, and 18. on
May 13, 1860. Trust. J. France, stonemason, Stockton
BROWN, WILLIAM, estate agent, Liverpool. Dec, 15, 20, in 6
mos, from Dec. 10, with interest at 51. per cent. per annun

BROADBENT, GEORGI, grocer, Middlesbrough

CHAFFER, JOHN, cloth manufacturer, Guisely. Nov. 21. 6. 8. by three instalments-28. Gl. in 2 mos., 26. G. in 4 mos., and 18. &. at 12 mos.-secured

CROFT, WILLIAM, grocer, Pontlottyn, near Rhymney. Dec. 8. Ss. G. by four equal instalments, in 3, 6, 9, and 12 mos.-secured. Trust. T. Davies, provision merchant, Newport CUMMINS, JOHN HENRY, commission agent, Bread-st, Cheapside. Nov, 20. Trust. J. Jones, accountant, Hanover-pl, Regent's-park DIEMER, FREDERIC, hairdresser, Gracechurch-st. Dec. 4. 25, 64. by two equal instalments, in 6 and 12 mos. Trust. H. Abbey, accountant, Guildhall-chambers DINSDALE, AUGUSTUS SALEM, builder, St. Paul's-rd, Balls-pond. Nov. 28. 68. d.-4. in 10 days, and 18. 44. in 6 and 12 mos DOUGHTY, JOHN, baker, Brompton-rd, Knight-bridge. Nov. 20. 3. in 1 mo. Trust. R. Plews, gentleman, Mark-la EMANUEL, LAURENCE, contractor, Douro-cottages, St. Johns. wood. Nov. 27. 1s. in 1 mo

[blocks in formation]

MEAD, GEORGE RICHARD, coal merchant, Plymouth. Pet. Dec. 17.
Reg. & 0. A. Pearce. Sol. Fowler, Plymouth. Sur. Jan. 6
MONKMAN, THOMAS, joiner, Wetwang. l'et. Dec. 18. Reg. &
O. A. Tonge. Sol. Allen, Great Driffield. Sur. Jan. 4
MOORHOUSE, GEORGE, beerhouse keeper, Manchester. Pet.
Dea. 15. Reg. & O. A. Kay. Sol. Law, Manchester. Sur. Jan. 12
OATES, GEORGE, race horse trainer, West Wilton. Pet. Dec. 21.
O. A. Young. Sols. Teale, Leyburn; and Clarke, Leeds. Sur.
Jan. 4
ONN, JOHN, Painter, Newark-upon-Trent. Pet. Dec. 19. Rez. &
O. A. Newton. Sol. Ashley, Newark-upon-Trent. Sur. Jan. 6
PARRY, RICHARD, labourer, Tylawr. Pet. Dec. 16. Reg. & O. A.
Williams. Sol. Turner. Sur. Jan. G

PASK, JOHN, farm bailiff, Hope-upon-Dinmore. Pet Dec. 18. Reg.
& O. A. Robinson. Sol. Williams, Monmouth. Sur. Jan. 6
PERKS, WILLIAM. butcher, Share-hill. Pet. Dec. 12. Reg.
Tudor. O. A. Kinnear. Sols. Prior, Wolverhampton; and
James and Griffin, Birmingham. Sur. Jan. 4
PICKARD, THOMAS, painter, Rawden. Pet. Dec. 12. Reg. & 0. A.
Carr. Sol. Barrett, Otley. Sur. Dec. 31
PREECE, ISSAC, cooper, Bridgnorth. Pet. Dec. 4. Reg. & O. A.
Smith. Sol. Batte, Bridgnorth. Sur. Jan. 4
REES, DAVID, shoemaker, Merthyr Tydfil. Pet. Dec. 15. Reg. &
O. A. Russell. Sol. Lewis, Merthyr Tydfil. Sur. Jan. 1
REES, WILLIAM, beer retailer, Bridgend. Pet. Dec. 19. Reg. &
O. A. Lewis. Sol. Dixon, Britton Ferry near Neath. Sur. Jan. 9
RICHARDSON, JAMES, tinman, Landport. Pet Dec. 14. Reg. &
0. A. Howard. Sol. Champ, Portsca. Sur. Jan. 2
RIPPON, ANN, fruiterer, Torquay. Pet. Dec. 19. Reg. 0. A. Pidsley.
Sol. Carter, Torquay. Sur. Jan. 5

SARGENT, ALEXANDER THOMAS, baker, Plymouth. Pet. Dec. 2.
0. A. Carrick. Sols. Messrs. Edmonds, Plymouth; and Floud,
Exeter. Sur. Jan. 11
SAUNT, THOMAS, wheelwright, Grendon. Pet. Dec. 18. Reg. & ¦
O. A. Baxter. Sol. Tippetts, Atherstone. Sur. Jan. 3
SONLEY, WILLIAM, tailor, Todmorden. Pet. Dec. 14. Reg. &
O. A. Eistwood Sol. Blomley, Todmorden. Sur. Dec. 30
STABLES, GEORGE, joiner, Hulme. Pet. Dec. 17. Reg. & O. A.
Kay. Sol. Ritson, Manchester. Sur. Jan. 12

STOPPER, GEORGE BENNETT, fruiterer, Spalding. Pet. Dec. 17.
Rez. Tudor. O. A. Harris. Sur. Jan. 12

O.A.

THRAYES, GEORGE, out of business, Nottingham. Pet. Dec. 19.
Reg. & O. A. Patchitt. Sol. Heathcote. Nottingham. Sur. Jan. 20
TINDALL, GEORGE, auctioneer, Scarborough. Pet. Dec. 18.
Young. Sols. Bond and Barwick, Leeds. Sur. Jan. 4
TYLER, JOHN, plumber, Willenhall. Pct. Dec. 15. Rdg, & O. A.
Brown. Sol. Best, Wolverhampton. Sur. Dec. 30
TURRALL, JEREMIAH DAWSON, Cooper, Brinklow, near Coventry.
Pet. Dec. 19. Reg. Hill. O. A. Kinnear. Sols. Messrs.
Hodgson, Birmingham. Sur. Jan. 4

WALKER, WILLIAM, cut of business, Edge hill. Pet. Dec. 18.
0. A. Turner. Sol, Norden, Liverpool. Sur. Jan. 7
WELCH, HENRY MOSES, drysalter, Bury. Pet. Dec. 19. Reg.
Fardel. 0. A. McNeill. Sol. Anderton, Bury. Sur. Jan. 5
WELLS, WILLIAM, attorney's clerk, late Leeds, Pet. Dec. 16.
Reg. & O. A. Marshall. Sols. Messrs. Granger, Leeds. Sur.
Jan. 8

WILSON, JOHN WILLIAM, painter, Wantage. Pet. Dec. 16. Reg.
& O. A. Jetcham. Sol. Bornes, Lambourne. Sur. Jan. 27
WILSON, WILLIAM, beker, Elderton. Pet. Dec. 17. Reg. & O. A.
Newton. Sol. Belk, Nottingham. Sur. Jan. 6
WYNNE, THOMAS, joiner, Carnarvon. Fet. Dec. 17. Reg. & O. A.
Williams. Sol. Roberts, Carnarvon. Sur. Jan. 6

[blocks in formation]

FARR, HENRY PRIOR, grocer, Portland-rd, Notting-hill. Nov. 18.
58.-28. C. on Dec. 2, and 2. 64, on Feb. 20-secured
FORD, ALFRED, manufacturer, Arthur-st-west, and Peckham.
Nov. 9. Trust. R. Cutting, gentleman, Chalcot-creset, Regent's-
FRAME, JAMES, draper, Nowcastle. Nov. 23. Trusts. John Meikle
and James Meikle, drapers, both Newcastle
GOODYEAR, FREDERICK, warehouseman, St. Paul's-churchyard.
Nov. 19. Trusts. S. W. Baggs, accountant, Ironmonger-la, and
W. Harding, warehouseman, Aldersgate-st
GRAMMER, JOHN, cheesemonger, Brompton-rd. Nov. 26. 10s-
3. on Dec. 17, 2. G. on Feb. 17, and 2s. 6d on April 17
GREIG, ALEXANDER M'NEIL, builder, Finborough-rd, West
Brompton. Nov. 16. Trust. J. Moore, gentleman, Finborough-rd
HACKING, JAMES, woollen draper, Preston. Dec. 3. Trusts. J.
Pickup and J. Greenwood, both merchants, Manchester
HIGGINS, HENRY, haberdasher, Leeds. Dec. 1. 9s. in 3 and 6 mos.
secured

JEFFS, WILLIAM, shoe manufacturer, Northampton. Nov. 24.
5. by two equal instalments, on Jan. 15 and March 1. Trust. T.
Whitehouse, coal merchant, Northampton
JOHNSON, EDWIN, and COULMAN, JAMES RICHARD, builders,
Battersea. Dec. 3. 38, in 21 days

JOHNSON, HENRY, and JOHNSON, THOMAS, cotton spinners, Rechdale. Nov. 24. 58.-2. 64. forthwith, and 2. 6d. in 2 mos.-secured. Trust. J. Johnson, gentleman, Rochdale

JONES, JOSEPH, grocer, Llanfyllin. Nov. 20. Trust, G. Kempster, miller, Llansaintffraid; J. Nickson, grocer, Liverpool; and J. Roberts, farmer, Pant, Llanfyllin

JOYCE, HENRY, draper, Boston. Nov. 23. Trust. J. Ellerton, St.
Paul's church-yard, and E Price, Cheapside, warehousemen
KEMP, CHARLES WICKHAM, victualler, Fulham-rd, Hammersmith.
Dec. 10. G. in 7 days
LARMUTH, ALFRED AUGUSTUS, dentist, Bank-parade, Salford.
Dec. 8. 28. Gd. by two equal instalments, in 2 and 4 mos.-
secured
LOWE, JOHN, Park-rd, Old Ford-rd. Dec. 12. 18, 64.-18. in 1 mo
and 6. in 6 mos. Trust. J. Irons, gentleman, 3, Leman-ter,
Stepney-green

MILES, MORGAN, flour merchant, Narberth. Dec. 11. 2s. 6d. in 1 mo

PALMER, JAMES, draper, Scarborough. Nov. 4. 5. by two equal instalments, on April 3 and Oct. 2.-secured. Trust. W. Hayes,

shoemaker, Leeds

POTTON, WILLIAM, builder, West Ham. Dec. 7. 1s, on March 1 RHODES, SAMUEL BROWN, ale merchant, Shrewsbury, Nov, 20. Trusts. J. Oare, butcher, Ditherington, and J. Newman, postoffice clerk, Shrewsbury

ROBINS, NICHOLAS, ironmonger, Bideford. Oct. 31. 1. by instalments of 4., 5., and Cs., in 4, 12, and 18 mos. Trusts. B. Wharton, factor. Birmingham, and E. A. Greensiade, brush manufacturer, Bristol

RUSSELL, GEORGE, jeweller, Huddersfield. Nov. 16. Trust. W.
B. Taylor, account int, Huddersfield
SIMPSON, MATTHEW, tailor. Nunnington, near Oswaldkirk.
Oct. 21. Trust J. J. Rigg, draper, Whitby
SPILLER, SAMUEL HARVEY HERBERT RICHARD, shoemaker,
Membury. Nov. 18. 5s. by two equal instalments, forthwith
and on April 28

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STEVENS, WILLIAM EDWARD, draper, King-st, Borough. Nov. 17.
2. by two equal instalments, on Feb. 16 and May 16
STEVENSON, ARCHIBALD, china merchant, Aldershot. Nov. 18.
Trust. J.Shorter, wholesale china dealer, Crispin-st, Spitalfields
STONE, HENRY, grocer, Guildford-rd, Poplar. Dec. 8. 38. on
Dec. 31
SUTHERLAND, WILLIAM, travelling draper, Bridgend. Nov. 21.
Trust. J. Binning, werchon eman, Glasgo
SWIFT, GEORGE GRAVES, butcher, Clarendon-rd, Notting-hill.
Dec. 4. 5. by three equal instalments, on April 30, Aug. 31, and
Dec. 31. Trust. W. W. Gunston, gentleman, Clement's-inn
THOMPSON, JOHN, upholsterer, Edgware-rd. Nov, 20. 78. Gel.-58, 1
and 2. 6d. in 6 weeks and 3 inos

THORNBER, OTHO JOHN, and THORNBER, FREDERICK WILLIAM,
manufacturing chemists, Rastrick, in Halifax. Nov. 19. Trusts.
T. Smith, Halifax, J. Smith, Siddal, Halifax, manufacturing
chemists, and G. Schofield, farmer, Rastrick
UNGAR, JULIUS, mica cover manufacturer, Dagmar-rd, Victoria-
pk. Nov. 20. 3. on Dec. 1

WALKER, JOHN HENRY, druggist, Leeds. Nov. 13. 78. 6d. by three equal instaliments, in 3, 6, and 9 mos. Trust. J. E. Crowther, agent, Leeds.

WEBB, GEORGE, grocer, Leicester. Nov. 19. Trusts. J. Stafford and H. E. Emberlin, cheese factors, Leicester WELLS, JAMES FOOT, victualler, Monkton Cumbe. Nov. 27. 2. 6. in 24 days. Trust. F. J. Stringe, accountant. Bath YOUNG, CHARLES, draper, Barnsbury-rd, Islington. Nov. 20. Trust. J. Ellerton, warehousemar, St. Paul's-churchyard

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Gazette, Dec. 22.

ASTON, RICHARD LIGHTFOOT, farmer, Hatton. Dec. 4. Trust.
J. Austin, manure manufacturer, Wrockwardine
ATKINSON, HENRY, chemist, Liverpool. Nov. 25. 78. 6d. in 20
days

BARKER, GEORGE, grocer, Millbrook. Dec. 4. 58. on Dec. 14 COLEMAN, JOHN, grocer, Waliner. Dec. 2. 3. G. and 2%. 6., on Jan. 1 and April-the last guaranteed. Trusts. I. Coleman, gentleman, Walmer, and R. Dickeson, wholesale grocer, Dover COOPER, GEORGE, tinres, Sheffield. Nov. 13. Trusts. T. Simmons, ironfounder, Sheffield, and T. White, screw manufacturer, Thorpe Hesley

FURNIVAL, CHARLES, butcher, Chesterton. Nov. 23. Trust. J.
Tomkinson, farmer, Wood House-farm, near Audley
GARDNER, WILLIAM, jeweller, Oxford-st, and PRAAGH, LAU-
RENCE VAN, out of business, Warwick-creset, Paddington.
Sept. 22. 78. in 1 mo. Trust. A. S. Pyke, wholesale jeweller,
Hatton gdn

GIBSON, SUSAN, widow, Stourbridge. Nov. 19. Trusts. Rev. A Hewlett, clerk in holy orders, Astley, and W. G. Postans, varnish manufacturer, Birmingham

GRIMSHAW, JAMES, bootmaker, Saltburn-by-the-Sea. Nov. 23. Trusts. R. Jackson, currier, Stockton, and J. Imeson, shoe manufacturer, Middlesbrough

HARRIS, JOHN, general dealer, Bracknell. Nov. 27. Trusts. H. Turner, china dealer, South-whiri, Paddington, and G, Baker, merchant, Union-st, Southwark

HUNTER, CHRISTOPHER, slater, Louth. Nov. 25.

Trusts. R.

Atkinson, slate merchant, Great Grimsby, and C. Wells, gentleman, Louth

LACEY, SAMUEL TOPLIFF, and LACEY, ROBERT TOPLIFF, upholsterers, Sunderland. Nov. 30. Trusts. J. Hyde, warehouseman, and W. Middleton, shipowner, Sunderland LAKE, GEORGE WALTER GIDLEY, commission agent, Lambourne. Nov. 23. 1. in 12 mos from registration

LEE. WILLIAM, jeweller, Bideford. Dec. 4. Trusts. J. Lester, sub manager of the West of Enclan 1 and District Bank, Bristol, and W. Lock, jeweller, Birminghon

MARTIN, PENNINGTON, farmer, Warbleton. Nov. 30. Trusts. W. Beeny, corn merchant, and R. T. Martin, auctioneer, both Hailsham

MATT, MATTHEW, and HASSENFRATZ, CHARLES, watchmakers, Cardiff. Nov. 21. Trusts. G. Loveridge, jun., general factor, Birmingham, and Middleton-sq, Clerkenwell; and U. Alsop, cabinet maker, Bristol

NEVISON, THOMAS, draper, Bishop Auckland. Dec. 11. 1. by four equal instalments, in 3, 6, 9, and 12 mos-secured. Trust. W. Fulton, gentleman, Bishop Auckland

NORDEN, DAVID, metal dealer, Caledonian-rd, Islington. Nov. 24. 5%, on or before Jan. 28

NOWLAN, HENRY, builder, Deptford. Dec. 1. C. 84. by equal instalments in 3 mos-secured. Trusts. W. Farmer, merch int, Blackfriars-rl, and T. J. D. Mackintosh, engineer, New Cross, Deptford

RAMSDEN, EDWIN, harmonium seiler, Leeds. Nov. 23. G. 8d.—
2x. 2., 24. 21., and 28, 44., in 3, 6, and 9 mos
SIMPSON, SIGSWORTH, draper, Wombwell, near Barnslez. Nov. 19.
Trusts. J. Thorp, merchant, Manchester, and C. Chamberlain,
draper, Barnsley

TALBOT, JOHN, licensed victualler, Newark-upon-Trent Nov. 20.
Trusts. J. S. Caparn, maltster, Newark-upon-Trent, and J. L.
Pfungst, wine merchant, Crutched-friars
WALLWORTH, WILLIAM HENRY, dispensing chemist, Birkenhead.
Dec. 16. Trust. A. W. Chalmers, accountant, Liverpool
WILMSHURST, GEORGE, brushmaker, Union-st, Borong 1. Nov. 27
Trusts. J. Knowles, gentleman, Culford-rd, Dow aham-rd.
Islington

BIRTHS, MARRIAGES, AND DEATHS.

BIRTHS.

BIRLEY. On the 17th inst., at 4, Wells-road, Regent's-park, the wife of William H. Birley, Esq., barrister-at-law, of a daughter. EAST-On the 20th inst., at Sion College-gardens, E.C., the wife of George Edward East, solicitor, of a daughter. GIBSON. On the 16th Inst., at 20, Pembroke-street, Dublin, the wife of Edward Gibson, Esq, barrister-at-law, of a son. HULL-On the 19th inst., at 92, Lansdowne-road, Kensingtonpark, the wife of Henry Charles Hull, barrister-at-law, of a daughter.

WILLIAMS.-On the 10th inst., at 10, Cranley-place, Onslow square, the wife of Roland L. Vaughan Williams, barrister-at law, of a WILLIS.-On the 14th inst., at Lee, Kent, the wife of William Willis, barrister-at-law, of a daughter.

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BOLTON. On the 14th inst., at Llandudno, suddenly, age 62, Thomas Bolton, Esq., solicitor, of Wolverhampton. JEANNERET.-On the 19th Dec. aged 44, Charlotte Cozens, the wife of Frederick Hewett Jeanneret, of 5, Danc's-inn, Strand, and 2, New-terrace, Camberwell-green, solicitor. KEMMIS. On the 18th inst, at his residence, in Kildare street, Dublin, Thomas Kemmis, Esq., Crown and Ticasury Selicito in Ireland, second son of the late Wm. Kemm's, Esq., of Ball nacor, in the county of Wicklow, Crown and Treasury Solicitor in Ireland.

THE MANUFACTURE OF WATCHES AND CLOCKS.-A most interesting and instructive little work, describing briefly, but with great clearness, the rise and progress of watch and clock making, has just been published by Mr. J. W. Benson, of 25, Old Bond-street, 99, Westbourne-grove, and the City Stean Factory, 58 and 60, Ludgate-hill. The book, which is profusely illustrated, gives a full description of the various kinds of watches and clocks, with their prices, and no one should make a purchase without visiting the above establishments, or consulting this truly valuable work. By its aid, persons residing in any part of the United Kingdom, India or the Colonies are enabled to select for themselves the watch best adapted to their use and have it sent to them with perfect safety. Mr. Benson, who holds the appointment to the Prince of Wales, sends this pamphlet to any address on receipt of two postage stamps, and we cannot too strongly recommend it to the notice of the intending purchaser.- ADT.]

PARTRIDGE AND COOPER
(Late PARTRIDGE and COZENS),
WHOLESALE & RETAIL STATIONERS,
22, FLEET-STREET, AND 1 & 2, CHANCERY LANE, LONDON, E.C.
Carriage paid to the Country on Orders exceeding 208,
DRAFT PAPER. 18. G., 6., 78., 78. 91., and 9. per ream
BRIEF PAPER, 178. 6., and 28, 6, per ream.
FOOLSCAP PAPER, 108. 6, 138, 6, and 18%. G, per ream.
CREAM LAID NOTE, 38, 18., and 38. per ream.
LARGE CREAM LAID NOTE, 48., 6., and 78. per ream.
LARGE BLUE NOTE, 38., 18., and fis, per ream.
ENVELOPES, CREAM OR BLUE, 4s, G., and C. 6d. per 1000.
THE TEMPLE" ENVELOPE, extra secure, 9s. 6d. per 1000.
FOOLSCAP OFFICIAL ENVELOPES, 18. 9. per 100,

INDENTURE SKINS, Printed and Machine-ruled to hold twenty
or thirty folios, Is. 9d. each, 20%, per dozen,
SECONDS OF FOLLOWERS, Ruled 18, 67, cach, 178, per dozeń.
RECORDS OF MEMORIALS, Cd. cach, 5s, 6d. per dezen.
LEDGERS, DAY-BOOKS, CASH-BOOKS, LETTEROP MINUTE-BOOKS.
An immense stock in varions bindings.
ILLUSTRATED PECE-LIST of Ink-tanie. Postage Scales.
Copying Presses, Writing Cases, Despatch Boxes, Oak and
Walnut Stationery Cabinets, and other useful articles
adapted to Library or Office, port free.
Established 1841.

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Technical objections-Returning officer-Notice-Agents.. 499
ANDERSON AND OTHERS . CAWLEY AND ANOTHER-
Particulars-Time for giving-Old practice

500

501

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501

COBBETT AND OTHERS r. HIBBERT AND ANOTHER

Invalidity of security-Time for objection-31 & 32 Vict. c. 125, ss. 8 and 9-Rule 21

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502

502

Ritualism-The elevation of the cup-Kneeling-Lighted candles-Incense-Mixing water with the wine-Incense 503

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THE Supreme Court of Illinois has decided that the doctrine "that a railroad company is not liable for the want of ordinary care and diligence in running its train, whereby stock upon the road is killed, but only for wanton, wilful, or gross negligence, and that the doctrine in regard to carriers of persons has no application," is liable to severe and just criticism, and that the idea is not tolerable that an injury may be inflicted which, by ordinary care and diligence could have been avoided, and that the true doctrine is, that in all the business and avocations of life, he pursues a particular business should so exercise his rights as to do no unnecessary injury to another in the pursuit of his business or in the exercise of his right. All should use ordinary care and diligence to prevent injury. That no matter how the stock got upon the road, if 164 injury to them could have been avoided by the exercise of ordinary care and diligence, that 165 degree of care and diligence should have been

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pantes Act 1867

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Registration Appeals (Ireland)

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Election Petitions

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observed.

final appeal lies to the mixed tribunal of Judges and prelates in the Privy Council, in the other churches to the Lord Chancellor or his deputy alone.

THE LEGAL YEAR-1868.

THE year which has just closed has been remarkable not for the amount of legislation of a practical kind which has been placed upon the statute-book, but for a change of jurisdiction with relation to the election of members of the House of Commons. This is one prominent feature of the year as regards the operations of the Profession. Hereby the trial of petitions has been placed upon a basis of procedure which will do much to prevent a recurrence of the injustice which was undoubtedly inflicted by the ill-regulated proceedings of committees of the House of Commons.

Beyond this Act there is very little food for comment even in the form of a summary. The legislative year was opened with an Act for continuing the suspension of the Habeas Corpus Act in Ireland. The following month a Bill relating to Chancery procedure was passed. The Act is very short, and is to the effect that, in addition to the proviso in 30 & 31 Vict. c. 64, that no decree made on the hearing of a cause, or for further consideration, shall be re-heard before the Judges appointed under 14 & 15 Vict. c. 83, when sitting separately, no decree or decretal order made upon motion shall be re-heard before those Judges when sitting separately, "provided that the Lord Chancellor shall and may, while sitting alone, have and exercise the like jurisdiction, powers, and authorities as might have been exercised by the Lord Chancellor if this Act had not passed."

In May an Act of eleven sections was passed, "to enable persons in Ireland to establish legitimacy and the validity of marriages, and the right to be deemed natural-born subjects." By the first section application for this purpose is to be made by petition to the Court of Probate in Ireland, the decree to be prayed for being that the petitioner is the legitimate child of his parents, and that the marriage of his father and mother, or of his grandfather and grandmother, was a valid marriage. No proceeding to be had under this Act is to affect any final judgment or decree already pronounced or made by any court of competent jurisdiction. In the same month a short Act was passed "to amend the law relating to places for holding petty sessions, and to lock-up houses for the temporary confinement of persons taken into custody and not yet committed for trial." By the 4th section two or more local authorities may, with the approval of one of Her Majesty's principal Secretaries of State, contract that a place for the holding of petty sessions by each of such authorities shall be provided at the joint expense of such authorities in such manner and proportions as in the said contract mentioned. And by the 11th section power is given to the local authority to form committees of its own members and others.

prison in which the offender is confined at the time of execution." A coroner's inquest is then to be held upon the body twenty-four hours after the execution, to ascertain the identity of the body, and whether judgment of death was duly executed on the offender. By sect. 15, "The omission to comply with any provision of this Act shall not make the execution of judgment of death illegal in any case where such execution would otherwise have been legal."

A correspondent of a contemporary writes that the Church of England itself has been Also, in the month of May, was passed an 168 partially disestablished and partially disen- important statute, "to provide for carrying out dowed, in the whole or in its separate institu- of capital punishment within prisons." Sect. 2 160 tions, many times over-as when it lost more contains the principal enactment: "Judgment 160 than half its spiritual peers and more than of death to be executed on any prisoner senhalf its property under HENRY VIII.; as when tenced after the passing of this Act on any it lost its exclusive rank in the State under indictment or inquisition for murder, shall be WILLIAM III. and GEORGE IV.; as when Non-carried into effect within the walls of the conformists were admitted to share in its endowments at the universitiess and exempted from paying its church-rates. The other religious communities, on the other hand, he adds, 172 have by degrees become partially established and partially endowed, and every year will become more and more so, the Nonconformists 172 by the Toleration Act, the Test and Corporation Act, and many others of the like kind; the 173 Scottish Episcopalians by the various Acts which have incorporated them more or less into the Church of England; the Irish Presbyterians by the Regium Donum; the Irish Roman Catholics, by the Irish Marriage Acts, the Irish Burial Act, the Charitable Bequests Act, the Maynooth Grants, &c., &c., and all of them by the right of appealing to the civil tribunals for the adjudication of their religious disputes. This 178 last privilege, which Dr. PUSEY regards as the one chief mark of an establishment, is the one 178 element which the Church of England and 179 all religious communities holding property in this country have in common, with this sole difference, that in the Church of England the

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In June a short Act was passed, "An Act to amend the law relating to documentary evidence in certain cases." This is an useful Act, and may be noticed here somewhat more at length. Prima facie evidence of any proclamation, order, or regulation issued before or after the passing of this Act by Her Majesty, or by the Privy Council; also of any proclamation, order, or regulation, issued before or after the passing of this Act, by or under the authority of any such department of the Government or officer as is mentioned in the first column of the schedule hereto, may be given in all courts of justice, and in all legal proceedings whatsoever in all or

VOL. XLVI.-No. 1344.

any of the modes hereinafter mentioned, that is to say: (1) By the production of a copy of the Gazette purporting to contain such proclamation, order, or regulation. (2) By the production of a copy of such proclamation, order, or regulation, purporting to be printed by the Government printer, or where the question arises in a court in any British colony, or possession of a copy purporting to be printed under the authority of the Legislature of such British colony or pos session. (3) By the production, in the case of any proclamation, order, or regulation issued by Her Majesty, or by the Privy Council, of a copy or extract purporting to be certified to be true by the clerk of the Privy Council, or by any one of the lords or others of the Privy Council, and in the case of any proclamation, order, or regulation issued by or under the authority of any of the said departments or officers, by the production of a copy or extract purporting to be certified to be true by the person or persons specified in the second column of the said schedule in connection with such department or officer. Any copy or extract made in pursuance of this Act may be in print or writing, or partly in print and partly in writing. No proof shall be required of the handwriting or official position of any person certifying in pursuance of this Act, to the truth of any copy of or extract from any proclamation, order, or regulation.

The first column in the schedule names the Commissioners of the Treasury; the Commissioners for executing the Office of Lord High Admiral; Secretaries of State; Committee of Privy Council for Trade; and the Poor Law Board. The second names "any commissioner, secretary, or assistant-secretary, of the Treasury; any of the commissioners for executing the Office of Lord High Admiral, or either of the secretaries to the said commissioners; any secretary or under-secretary of State; any member of the Committee of Privy Council for Trade, or any secretary or assistant-secretary of the said committee; and any commissioner of the Poor Law Board, or any secretary or assistant-secretary of the said board."

Then followed an Act to amend the law relating to partition, by which power is given to the court to order sale instead of division. By sect. 8, sects. 23 to 25 of the Act to facilitate leases and sales of settled estates, are extended and applied to money to be received on any sale effected under the authority of this Act. And by the next section (9) any person who, if the Act had not passed, might have maintained a suit for partition, may now maintain such suit against any one or more of the parties interested, without serving the others; and no defendant in the suit may object for want of parties. And by sect. 12 the like power and authority is given to the County Courts in England as the Court of Chancery has in suits for partition, including the power and authority conferred by this Act in any case in which the property to which the suit relates does not exceed in value the sum of 500l., and the same shall be had and excrcised in like manner, and subject to the tike provisions, as the power and authority conferred by sect. 1 of the County Courts Act 1865.

In July, an Act of three sections was passed, "To make provision in the case of boroughs ceasing to return members to serve in Parliament, respecting rights of election which have been vested in persons entitled to vote for such members." The short effect of it is that municipal burgesses are substituted for the Parliamentary electors. The Boundary Act was passed in this month, to which we need not here particularly refer; and the Reform Acts for Scotland and Ireland. Cap. 52 is an Act to put a stop to betting or playing by way of wagering in any place to which the public have access. This was followed by the Judgments Extension Act, which has been recently examined in these pages. And the next chapter provides for the collection by means of stamps of fees payable in the supreme and inferior courts of law in Scotland, and in the offices belonging thereto. Then followed the Registration Act, the operation and effect of which we have already, on more than one occasion, fully discussed. Cap. 65 amends the law relating to the use of voting papers in the elections for the universities, and by that Act a new form of declaration is provided, and certain provisions made as to the signature of voting papers in the Channel Islands. The two following chapters relate, the

first (cap. 66) to facilitating arrangements for
the relief of turnpike trusts, and the other,
(cap. 67) to defraying the expenses of the
Metropolitan police force.

Following these Acts is the Liquidation Act
1868, for facilitating liquidation in certain cases
of bankruptcy arrangement, and winding-up.
The Act is to have effect only where the adjudi-
cation, in case of bankruptcy, was made before
the passing of the Act, or a deed of arrange-
ment had been registered before the passing of
the Act, and adjudication of bankruptcy super-
venes before the completion of the liquidation
under the deed; in cases of arrangement, where
the deed was registered before the passing of the
Act; and in cases of winding-up, where pro-
ceedings were pending at the passing of the Act.
It provides for the division of assets in specie,
and for facilitating the settlement of claims of
secured creditors, by giving power to foreclose
by notice. The next Act relates to actions
of libel brought in Ireland, and provides that
where the jury shall give damages under 40s.,
the plaintiff shall not be entitled to more costs
than damages, unless the Judge, before whom
such verdict shall be obtained, shall immediately
afterwards certify on the back of the record that
the libel was wilful and malicious, thus assimi-
lating the law of Ireland to the law of England
as to costs in actions of libel.

Chapter 71 is the County Courts Admiralty Jurisdiction Act, and the next chapter amends the law relating to promissory oaths; whilst cap. 73 was passed to relieve revenue officers from any legal disability to vote at the election of members of Parliament. It repealed 22 Geo. 3, c. 41; 43 Geo. 3, c. 25; and 7 & 8 Geo. 4, c. 53, 8, 97.

poses is to be deemed to be a separate rate, and not a church-rate, and therefore not affected by this Act. No person making default in paying a church-rate is to be entitled to inquire into, or object to, or vote in respect of the expenditure of the moneys arising from such church-rate. About the only other important statute is the Regulation of Railways Act, which directs the keeping and auditing of uniform accounts, which are to be signed, printed, and distributed. The Board of Trade is empowered to appoint inspectors to examine into the affairs of an incorporated company upon application (1) made in pursuance of a resolution passed at a meeting of directors; (2) by the holders of not less than two-fifths part of the aggregate amount of the ordinary shares or stock of the company for the time being issued; (3) by the holders of not less than one-half of the aggregate amount of the mortgages, debentures, and debenture stock (if any) of the company for the time being issued (4) by the holders of not less than two-fifths of the aggregate amount of the guaranteed or preference shares or stock of the company for the time being issued, provided that the preference capital issued amounts to not less than one-third of the whole share capital of the company. A prominent provision in this Act is the 20th section, compelling all railway companies, except the Metropolitan, to provide smoking compartments for each class of passengers, unless exempted by the Board of Trade. Another important section as regards the public is the 22nd, which will render it necessary for railway companies to provide, after next April, in every passenger train running for more than twenty miles without stopping efficient means of communication between the passengers and the servants of the company in charge of the train. The section provides that any passenger who makes use of the means of communication without reasonable and sufficient cause shall be liableto a penalty of 51. for each offence. Some difficulty, we anticipate, will arise upon the construction of the words "reasonable and sufficient cause," such cause varying, necessarily, according to the nervous temperament of the passenger. The 25th section may possibly interfere with litigation, for it enables the Board of Trade where a person has been injured or killed by an accident on a railway, upon application in writing made jointly by the company, and the person injured, or his representatives if dead, to appoint an arbitrator who shall determine the compensation to be paid by the company. Sect. 33 regulates the taxing of the costs of such an arbitration. An Act for amending the law relating to the relief of the poor, and another dealing with the Scotch salmon fisheries, and a third bringing the telegraphs under Government Assignees of marine policies are by cap. 86 control, bring us to the end of our summary of the enabled to sue thereon in their own names and legislation of the year. We have omitted reference for the purposes and in the construction of this to the Irish Registration Act, and two Acts for Act the term "policy of insurance" or "policy" amending the law of entail in Scotland, and one means any instrument by which the payment of or two other matters of very minor importance money is assured or secured on the happening with reference to Ireland and Scotland of no of any of the contingencies named or contem-interest to our readers. plated in the instrument of assurance known as "Lloyd's policy," or in any other form adopted for insuring ships, freights, and goods carried by sea. The 89th chapter is an Act to alter certain provisions in the Acts for the Commutation of Tithes, the Copyhold Acts, and the Acts for the Inclosure, Exchange, and Improvement of Land, and to make provision towards defraying the expense of the copyhold, inclosure, and tithe office. Cap. 90 empowers the Treasury, on the death of persons in the Civil Service entitled to sums under 1007, to direct the payment thereof without the production of letters of administration. And cap. 95 amends the procedure in the Court of Justiciary and other criminal courts in Scotland; this being followed by another Act (cap. 100), to amend the procedure in the Court of Session and the judicial arrangements in the Superior Courts of Scotland, and to make certain changes in the other courts.

The procedure of the Divorce Court in the matter of appeals was amended by cap. 77. Appeal from the final decision of the court to the House of Lords may be made within one month, but in suits for dissolution of marriage no respondent or co-respondent, not appearing and defending the suit on the occasion of the decree nist being made, has any right of appeal against the decree when made absolute, unless the court, upon application made at the time of the pronouncing of the decree absolute, shall see fit to permit an appeal. In cases under this Act, where there is no right of appeal, the parties may marry again at any time after the pronouncing of the decree absolute. The following chapter amends the law relating to suits by the Admiralty, giving it power to institute actions, &c., as to naval stores, &c. And in any such action, suit, or proceeding, the Admiralty shall be liable and entitled to pay or receive costs according to the ordinary law and practice relative to costs.

We have next to notice the passing of Mr. MOFFAT's very useful short Act to amend the Bankruptcy Act 1861, the principal object of which is to test the bona fides of alleged creditors; and an Act for the abolition of compulsory church-rates. By sect. 2 of this latter Act, where, in pursuance of any general or local Act, any rate may be made and levied which is applicable partly to ecclesiastical purposes and partly to other purposes, such rate is to be made, levied, and applied for such last-mentioned purposes only, and so far as it is applicable to such pur

We need not, we think, be altogether ashamed of the work of last session, considering that Parliament had just given birth to a prodigy in the shape of a long talked of Reform Act and had to deal with the Boundary, the Corrupt Practices, and Parliamentary Elections Acts. The House worked hard throughout the session, but it cannot do several things at once. What we really want is a separate chamber in which law reform might be dealt with by those having a thorough knowledge of the necessities existing and the way to meet them. In the present position of things, with disestablishment and disendowment before us, it is difficult to see how it will be possible to inaugurate any law reform whatever. The urgent necessity for such reform is obvious when we simply name codification, the jury system, and bankruptcy. Our contemporary, the Irish Law Times, is very severe on our legislators, and is of opinion that if every Bill brought forward carried with it a weight of patronage it would not be long delayed. "Take," it says, "the widely different fates of the Bills remodelling the Irish practice in the courts of equity, and of common law. The passing of the Chancery Bill carried with it the patronage of several valuable appointments. Accordingly, both parties equally contended for the honour of carrying it into law. The Common Law Bill was simply a measure of legal reform, and was, therefore, neglected, although the recommendations of the commissioners in its favour were

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