But

Lord Granville's argument is cut from under him. He contended, and we now contend, that neutrality consists not in excluding a belligerent from a renewal of military supplies, but in allowing precisely the same facilities to both belligerents: and that is the only safe course for a neutral to pursue. these Rules to which the Treaty actually consents to refer the conduct of the British Government at the time when the claims arose, neither were law then, nor are law now, nor can be made law without a subversion of the first principles of international jurisprudence, as we think we have established by precedent and authority in the preceding pages. The language of the Treaty is as obscure and involved as the notions it seems intended to convey. It is alike remote from the language of diplomacy and the language of law; and in some articles the expressions used mean, or may mean, the exact reverse of what they were designed to convey.

*

In taking leave of this painful subject, we cannot but reflect with satisfaction that there is one veteran English statesman whose conduct upon the whole case has been alike consistent with law and reason. Earl Russell was Foreign Minister of this country during the American Civil War; and the more the principles are examined on which he acted at that difficult crisis, the more unassailable do they appear to be. When arbitration was first proposed as a means of escaping from these difficulties, Lord Russell had the courage and fairness to say at once, that England could never submit to a tribunal of foreign jurists or statesmen her own independent policy and conduct. And when the Treaty of Washington reached this country last summer, Lord Russell was the one man who raised his voice in the House of Lords against the perils which he discerned lurking under the specious forms of reconciliation and peace. We confess that, led away by an earnest desire to terminate these differences and to give an assurance of our friendly feelings to the American people, we were disposed to put the most favourable construction on the negotiation, and to suppress the criticisms to which it might even then have seemed obnoxious. But subsequent events have justified the foresight of Lord Russell more than that of any other man; and we hold

6

For instance, Article II. provides that the Arbitrators shall proceed impartially and carefully to examine and decide all questions that shall be laid before them on the part of the Government of Her Britannic Majesty and the United States respectively.' The word respectively would imply that each Government is entitled to lay before the Arbitrators any question it thinks fit, whereas it is of the essence of a Court of Arbitration that questions should be submitted to it by the parties, not respectively, but jointly, which is the very reverse.

that the preposterous claims which the American Government have ingrafted on this agreement demonstrate that an arbitration cannot be carried into effect between two sovereign States when the subject and extent of that arbitration are not defined, and are understood in a contradictory sense by one and the other Power.

NOTE

On the Article on the History of Painting in Italy, p. 122.

We have received from Mr. J. A. Crowe, one of the authors of the New History of Painting in Italy, reviewed in our last Number, a letter in which he complains that justice has not been done to his share of the work. He assures us that this History is—as it purports to be '-in every sense the work of two partners, both of whom are men of 'education and special knowledge of art, good draughtsmen, and tra'velled artists.' But on referring to the passage in which we adverted to the respective merits of the two authors, we are unable to discover that any injustice has been done to Mr. Crowe, as we expressly stated that we did not know what the precise compact is between the two labourers in this vast field; and we are quite contented to suppose that their merit is equal.

No. CCLXXVII. will be published in July.

INDEX.

B

Bell, Sir Charles, review of the 'Memoirs and Letters of the late,' 394
-account of him, 394-his brothers, 396-8-his education and
training, 400-1-his System of Dissections,' 401-Edinburgh and
its society in the last generation, 402-8, 427-Charles Bell goes to
London, 408-10-Horner, and others, 411-Bell's Anatomy of
Expression,' 412-his success and marriage, 413-his discoveries in
the physiology of the nervous system, 414-his lectures in Windmill
Street, 420-his attention to gun-shot wounds, 420-goes to Water-
loo, 421-Brussels, 421-loss of two of his brothers, 422-his
works on Animal Mechanics,' and on the 'Hand,' 423-his cha-
racteristics, 423-receives the order of knighthood, 424-his friend
Richardson, 424-his fishing days, 426-returns to Edinburgh,
426-close of the career of his friends and of himself, 429.
Broglie, Duke of, his Memoir, 347.

529

Brougham, Henry Lord, review of the Life and Times of,' 502-his
parentage and early life, 502-3-his part in the establishment of the
Edinburgh Review,' 504-introduced to public life, 506-his work
on Colonial Policy,' 505-6-called to the bar, 507-goes into
Parliament, 508-the Berlin decree and the orders in Council,
511-12-talking-out questions in the House on petitions, 517-
scandals respecting Queen Caroline, 518-22-her death, 523-
Lord Londonderry's death, 525-Canning prime minister, 525-
Brougham and he on good terms, 528-death of George IV.,
-Parliamentary Reform, 530-Earl Grey's administration, 531-
Brougham's removal to the House of Lords, 532-scene in the
House, 534-result of the general election, 535-settlement of the
question of Reform, 536-9-breaking up of Lord Grey's Govern-
ment, 540-his excellence in every department of intellect, 541-4-
his faults, 544-inaccuracies in the volumes, 548-his fame, 549.
Browning, Robert, his Balaustion's Adventure' reviewed, 221-the
story, 221-3-the author's fecundity, 222-his conception of the
matter, 227-42-his version of the text of Alcestis, 242-9.
Burn, Robert, review of his 'Rome and the Campagna,' 293-the city
in 357 A.D., 293-visit of Constantine, 295-objects of celebrity
visited by him, 296-configuration of the hills of Rome, 299—
history of the Palatine hill, 301-mansions of the wealthier Romans,
303-Nero's works, 310-temples in old times destroyed by fire,
312-works of later emperors, 314-6-Mr. Burn's labours, 317
-company formed for dredging the Tiber, 320.

6

C

Church, the, the land, and the Liberals, works respecting, 250-the
Tory party, 250-its claims to the Established Church and Agricul-
tural Interest, 251-5-settlement of the battle of Free Trade, 256
-local taxation, 257-administration of affairs in counties, 274-

question of the malt tax, 277 — agricultural horses, 283-laws
relating to the tenure or ownership of land, 283—the game laws,
285-tenant-right, 285-duty of the Government of this country,
290-relations between the Church and the Liberals, 292.
Church, Disestablishment of, see Miall.

Crowe, J. A., and Cavalcaselle, G. B., review of their 'History of
Painting in Italy, from the Second to the Sixteenth Century,' 122—
rendering of Italian names, 123-fruits of each author's labour, 124
-the materials, and the looseness of the nomenclature employed,
129-revival of art in Italy, 130-Giotto, 131-Paolo Uccello, 132
-the elder Pesello, 133-Pesellino, 133-the brothers Pollaiuoli,
133-Benozzo Gozzoli, 133-art at Sienna, 134-Orcagna, 134—
Pietro della Francesca, 136-Melozzo di Forlì, 138-Antonello da
Messina, 140-Giovanni da Bruggia, 140-Aldighiero, 141-Fran-
cesco Squarcione, 142-Andrea Mantegna, 143-Jacopo, Gentile,
and Giovanni Bellini, 144-Note on article, 584.

F

Frere, John Hookham, review of the works of, 472-notice of him,
472-5-the Anti-Jacobin,' 475-Frere's mastery of the old Eng-
lish language and style, 477-goes as Envoy to Portugal, 478-his
"Translations from the Poems of the Cid,' 479-sent out again to
Spain, 481-Romana, 481-Sir John Moore, 482-Frere's country
life in England, 483-the' Quarterly Review' started, 484—his suc-
cess as a man about town,' 486-his 'Monks and Giants,' 487—
Frere and Byron's Don Juan,' 491-his marriage, 492-Malta, 493
-Frere's Aristophanic labours, 496-500-his characteristics, 501.

6

G

Grant, Charles, review of his 'Central Provinces of India,' 196-early
surveys, 197-the Bombay marine and the Indian navy, 198—land
surveys, 199-Mr. Markham's work, 202-the Vindhyas and Sát-
púras, 205-the Rajpoots, 208-the aboriginal tribes admixed with
the genuine tribes of Hindus and Mahommedans, 210-the Gonds,
210-2-their belief in the power of evil, 212-the Chamars of
Chattisgurh, 214-other tribes, 214-administration of the Central
Provinces, 216-their revenue, 217-their minerals, 217-local
management, 218

Guizot, M., review of his 'Le Duc de Broglie,' 347-the Duke's me-
moranda, 347-his family, 348-9-his father and mother, 348—9—
coup of the 18th Brumaire, 350-the Duke's views, 350-his mili-
tary services, 351-imperfections of Napoleon's speeches, 352-goes
to Warsaw, 353-the Abbé de Pradt, 353-takes his seat among the
Peers of France, 355-6-his marriage, 357-trial of Marshal Ney,
357-Charles X., 359-Revolution of July 1830, and the election of
Louis Philippe, 360-M. de Broglie becomes Minister for Foreign
Affairs, 361-and head of the Cabinet, 363-withdraws into private
life, 364-his services respecting slavery, 365-the faith of his after
life, 366.

H

Holland, Sir Henry, his 'Recollections of Past Life,' 344.

I

Irish University Education, works relating to, 166-demand put for-
ward in the name of complete educational equality, 167-the
Catholics, and their views, 167-74-and demands, 175-opposition
to a denominational system under the control of ecclesiastics, 175–7
-Roman Catholic University, 180-plans proposed, 182-5-
Trinity College as affected by recent events, 186-emoluments and
prizes, 189-two difficulties, 190-their solution, 192-Catholics
and Nationalists, 194.

L

Lace-making as a Fine Art, review of works relating to, 37-Mrs.
Bury Palliser's volume, 38-Mrs. Hailstone's collection, 39-diffe-
rent kinds of lace, 39-42-age of any piece, 43-4-Lace-schools, 45
-lace-books, 46-7-the art in France, 51-and in Ireland, as re-
lated by Mrs. Meredith, 54.

M

Miall, Mr., review of his work on Disestablishment, 366-treatment of
it and of Disendowment, 367-policy advocated by Mr. Miall, 369
-relation of the Church of England to the State, 369-results of
Disestablishment, 370-1-right of patronage, 371-Cromer church
and the rectorial tithe, 375 note-episcopal peerages, 376-dis-
establishment of the parochial clergy, 377-the poet Crabbe's picture
of a clergyman of his day, 377-Rowland Hill's Chapel,' 378-
Cowper's clergyman of his time, 380-valuable and civilising agencies
of the clergy, 381-consequences of Disendowment, 383-the
country not ripe for the Congregational system, 386-Mr. Reed and
his father, 391-changes which would be produced by Disestablish-
ment, 393.

Oceanic Circulation, review of works relating to, 430-shallow non-
sense talked about the Gulf Stream, 430-1; modern investigations,
431-early authors, 432-Franklin and Blagden, 432-3-Major
Rennell's work, 433-6-back-water, 437-horizontal circulation, 438
-volume, rate, temperature, and course of the Gulf Stream, 440-71

R

Railway organisation in the late war, works relating to, 149-con-
siderations brought home to our minds, 150-1-advantages of
railways in supplies and in moving troops, 152-the Engineer and
Railway Volunteer Staff Corps, and what they can accomplish, 153
-English, as compared with Continental railways, 154-organisation
of the Germans, 155-mode of direction of an army from the rear,
156-the Etappen Inspektion, 187-success of the Germans, 162-
defeats and failures of the French, 163-lessons to be learnt,
163-5.

Royal Institution, review of works relating to the, 321-origin of the
Institution, and account of Count Rumford, 322-30-establishment
of the Institution, 330-Drs. Young and Garnett, 330-31-Davy,
331-Rumford's second marriage, 333-his death and character, 334
-perils of the Institution, 337-9-its library, 338-Professors