The Foundations of Modern Science in the Middle Ages: Their Religious, Institutional and Intellectual ContextsCambridge University Press, 28 հոկ, 1996 թ. Contrary to prevailing opinion, the roots of modern science were planted in the ancient and medieval worlds long before the Scientific Revolution of the seventeenth century. Indeed, that revolution would have been inconceivable without the cumulative antecedent efforts of three great civilisations: Greek, Islamic, and Latin. With the scientific riches it derived by translation from Greco-Islamic sources in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, the Christian Latin civilisation of Western Europe began the last leg of the intellectual journey that culminated in a scientific revolution that transformed the world. The factors that produced this unique achievement are found in the way Christianity developed in the West, and in the invention of the university in 1200. As this 1997 study shows, it is no mere coincidence that the origins of modern science and the modern university occurred simultaneously in Western Europe during the late Middle Ages. |
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The seven liberal arts | |
Educationandlearning in thetwelfthcentury Latin translations from Arabic and Greek | |
THE MEDIEVAL UNIVERSITY | |
Teaching in theartsfaculty The curriculum ofthearts faculty Logic | |
The three philosophies The higher facultiesoftheology and medicine The social andintellectualroleof theuniversity | |
Incorruptible and changeless | |
WHAT THE MIDDLE AGES DID WITH ITS ARISTOTELIAN LEGACY | |
The celestial region | |
MEDIEVAL NATURAL PHILOSOPHY ARISTOTELIANS | |
What is natural philosophy? The questions in natural philosophy | |
HOW | |
The contextual preconditions that made the Scientific Revolution possible | |
Scienceandnatural philosophy in the ByzantineEmpire The substantive preconditions thatmadethe Scientific Revolution possible | |
Atriumphofthree civilizations Notes | |
Characteristic features | |
5 | |
Two senses of the hypothetical in medieval natural philosophy | |
Common terms and phrases
acceleration andthe Arabic arguments Aristotelian natural philosophy Aristotle Aristotle’s natural philosophy arts masters assumed asthe astronomy Avempace Averroes Avicenna Blasius of Parma body’s Boethius Bradwardine Buridan celestial bodies celestial motions celestial orbs chapter Christian concept Condemnation of 1277 cosmology earth elements eternity existence external resistance faith fourteenth century fromthe Galileo GrecoArabic Greek heavens hypothetical impetus impressed force infinite inhis inthe Islamic itwas Latin mathematics medieval natural philosophers medieval science medieval university medium metaphysics Middle Ages move natural motion natural philosophy natural place Nicole Oresme ofnatural ofthe world onthe Oresme Paris Peter Lombard planets possible principles problems qualities questions rotation scholars scholastic authors scholastic natural science and natural scienceand Scientific Revolution seventeenth century significant speed sphere terrestrial region thatthe theMiddle theologians theology theworld thirteenth century Thomas Aquinas tothe traditional translated treatise uniform University of Paris University Press vacuum velocity violent motion void space Western Europe withthe