Indian Treaties, and Laws and Regulations Relating to Indian Affairs

UNIV

CALIFO

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

[Note. It is properly remarked, in a note relative to Indian treaties, in the
Laws of the U. States, (Colvin's edition, page 710) that-"It is difficult to
speak with precision as to the actual force and effect of all the Indian
treaties. Their provisions are much intermingled, following in their vari
ous stipulations, the varying associations and interests of the different
tribes. As a general remark, however, it may be observed, that what re-
lates to the cessions of land must, in its nature, be permanent." It may be
added, that while the policy which has been, and still is pursued by the go.
vernment, with respect to the Indian tribes, continues the same, their con-
dition cannot be considered, under any treaty that may be made with them,
as permanently fixed.

The signatures of the Indian chiefs, &c. is commonly that of illiterate men
among our own citizens-namely, a cross. But, in many instances, the
figure of some animal is drawn, which is supposed to be emblematical of
the qualities attributed to the chief by the denomination given to him.
The orthography of the names of the tribes and the Indian chiefs, &c. is very
uncertain. It is not unfrequently the case, as may be seen by a compari-
son of the signatures to the different treaties of any one of the following
chapters, that the same name is spelled in several different ways, though
somewhat resembling each other in sound.]

CHAPTER 1.-Treaties with the Delawares.

1. Articles of agreement and confederation, of 17th Septem-

ber, 1778; negotiated at fort Pitt, by Andrew Lewis and

Thomas Lewis,

2. Of the 18th August, 1804; negotiated at Vincennes, by

William Henry Harrison. Ratified 21st January, 1805,

3. Of the Sd October, 1818; negotiated at St. Mary's, in

Ohio, by Jonathan Jennings, Lewis Cass, and Benjamin

Parke. Ratified 15th January, 1819,

CHAPTER 2.-Treaties and contracts with the several tribes
or nations of Indians, in the state of New-York.

1. Treaty with the Six Nations, of the 22d of October, 1784;

negotiated at Fort Stanwix, by Oliver Wolcott, Richard

Butler, and Arthur Lee. Entered on the journals of con-

gress, 3d June, 1785,

2. Treaty with the Six Nations, of the 9th January, 1789;

negotiated at fort Harmar, by Arthur St. Clair,

3. Treaty of peace and friendship with the Six Nations, of

the 11th November, 1794; negotiated at Konondaguia, by

Timothy Pickering. Ratified 21st January, 1795,

4. Contracts between the state of New-York, and several

tribes of the Six Nations of different dates, &c.

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5. Treaty with the Oneidas, Tascaroras, and Stockbridges,

of the 2d December, 1794; negotiated at Oneida, by Tim-

othy Pickering. Ratified 21st January, 1795,

6. Contract with the Seven Nations of Canada, of the 31st

May, 1796; negotiated in the city of New-York, under the

sanction of the United States, by Abraham Ogden, their

commissioner, &c. Ratified 31st January, 1797,

7. Relinquishment of the Mohawks, to the state of New-

York, under the sanction of the United States, on the 29th

March, 1797; negotiated at Albany, in the presence of

Isaac Smith, commissioner, &c. Ratified 27th April, 1798, 29

8. Contract between Wilhem Willink and the Senekas, un-

der the sanction of the United States, of 30th June, 1802;

negotiated at Buffaloe creek, by John Tayler, commission-

er, &c. Ratified 12th January, 1803,

9. Contract between Robert Morris and the Senekas, under

the sanction of the United States, of 15th September, 1797;

negotiated at Genesee by Jeremiah Wadsworth, commis-

sioner, &c. Ratified 11th April, 1798. [This contract is

referred to in the preceding one with Wilhem Willink,

and annexed thereto, as a part thereof.]

10. Contract between Oliver Phelps, Isaac Bronson, and Ho-

ratio Jones, and the Senekas, under the sanction of the

United States, of 30th June, 1802; negotiated at Buffaloe

creek, in the presence of John Tayler, commissioner, &c.

Ratified 7th February, 1803,

11. Contract between John Greig and Henry B. Gibson, and

the Senekas, under the sanction of the United States, of

Sd September, 1823; negotiated at Moscow, in the pre-

sence of Charles Carroll, commissioner, &c.

[Note. This last contract, after it was made, was approved by the pre-
sident of the United States, it being considered sufficient, without a
formal ratification by the senate, to make it valid, for the purpose for
which it was intended-the U. States having no other interest in the
matter, than, as the general protector of the Indians, under the con-
stitution, to superintend the negotiation, as it did, to see that it was
fairly conducted.]

CHAPTER 3.-Treaties with different Indian tribes and

nations.

1. With the Wyandotts, Delawares, Chippewas, and Otta-

was, of the 21st January, 1785; negotiated at fort M'Intosh,

by George Clark, Richard Butler, and Arthur Lee. Enter-

ed on the journals of congress 2d June, 1785, .

2. Of peace, with the Wyandotts, Delawares, Ottawas, Chip-

pewas, Pottawatimas, and Sacs, of the 9th January, 1789;

negotiated at fort Harmar, by Arthur St. Clair. Ratified

29th September, 1789,

3. Of peace, with the Wyandotts, Delawares, Shawanees,
Ottawas, Chippewas, Pottawatimas, Miamies, Eel Rivers,
Weas, Kickapoos, Piankeshaws, and Kaskaskias, of sd

August, 1795; negotiated at Greenville, by Anthony

Wayne. Ratified 22d December, 1795,

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4. With the Delawares, Shawanees, Pottawatimas, Miamies,

Kickapoos, Eel Rivers, Weas, Piankeshaws, and Kaskaski-

as, of the 7th June, 1803; negotiated at fort Wayne, by

William Henry Harrison. Ratified 25th November, 1805, 57

5. With the Eel Rivers, Wyandotts, Piankeshaws, Kaskas-

kias, and Kickapoos, of the 7th August, 1803; negotiated

at Vincennes, by William Henry Harrison. Ratified 25th

November, 1803,

8. With the Wyandotts, Ottawas, Chippewas, Munsees, De-
lawares, Shawanees, and Pottawatimas, of the 4th July,
1805; negotiated at fort Industry, on the Miami of the
Lake, by Charles Jouett. Ratified 24th April, 1806,

7. With the Delawares, Pottawatimas, Miamies, Eel Rivers,

and Weas, of 21st August, 1805; negotiated at Grouse-

land, near Vincennes, by William Henry Harrison. Rati-

fied 24th April, 1806,

8. With the Ottawas, Chippewas, Wyandotts, and Pottawa-

timas, of the 17th November, 1807; negotiated at Detroit,

by William Hull. Ratified 27th January, 1808,

9. With the Chippewas, Ottawas, Pottawatimas, Wyandotts,

and Shawanees, of the 25th November, 1808; negotiated

at Brownstown, in the territory of Michigan, by William

Hull. Ratified 1st March, 1809,

10. With the Delawares, Pottawatimas, Miamies, and Eel

River-Miamies, of the 30th September, 1809; negotiated

at fort Wayne, by William Henry Harrison. Ratified 2d

January, 1810,

11. A separate article, with the Miami and Eel River tribes,

of the 30th September, 1809; negotiated at fort Wayne,

by William Henry Harrison. Ratified 2d January, 1810,

12. Of peace and friendship, with the Wyandotts, Dela-

wares, Shawanees, Senecas, and Miamies, of the 22d July,

1814; negotiated at Greenville, by William Henry Harri-

son and Lewis Cass. Ratified 13th December, 1814,

13. With the Wyandotts, Delawares, Senecas, Shawanees,

Miamies, Chippewas, Ottawas, and Pottawatimas, in Ohio,

Indiana, and Michigan, of the 8th September, 1815; nego-

tiated at Spring Wells, by William Henry Harrison, Dun-

can McArthur, and John Graham. Ratified 26th Decem-

ber, 1815,

14. With the Weas and Kickapoos, of the 4th June, 1816;

negotiated at fort Harrison, by Benjamin Parke. Ratified

50th December, 1816,

15. With the United tribes of Ottawas, Chippewas, and Pot-

tawatimas, of the Illinois and Melwakee rivers, and south-

western parts of lake Michigan, of the 24th August, 1816;

negotiated at St. Louis, by Ninian Edwards, William Clark,

and Auguste Chouteau. Ratified 30th December, 1816,

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16. With the Wyandotts, Senecas, Delawares, Shawanees,

Pottawatimas, Ottawas, and Chippewas, of the 29th Sep-

tember, 1817; negotiated at the foot of the Rapids of the

Miami of lake Erie, by Lewis Cass and Duncan McArthur.

Ratified 4th January, 1819,

17. With the Wyandotts, Senecas, Shawanees, and Ottawas,

of the 17th September, 1818, being supplementary to the

treaty with the Wyandotts, Senecas, Delawares, Shawa-

nees, Pottawatimas, Ottawas, and Chippewas, of 29th Sep-

tember, 1817; negotiated at St. Marys, in Ohio, by Lewis

Cass and Duncan McArthur. Ratified 4th January, 1819, 100

18. With the Peoria, Kaskaskia, Mitchigamia, Cahokia, and

Tamarois Indians, of 25th September, 1818; negotiated at

Edwardsville, by Ninian Edwards and Auguste Chouteau.

Ratified 5th January, 1819,

19. With the Ottawas and Chippewas, of 6th July, 1820; ne-
gotiated at L'Abre Croche and Michillimackinac, in the
territory of Michigan, by Lewis Cass. Ratified 8th March,
1821,

20. With the Ottawas, Chippewas, and Pottawatimas, of the

29th August, 1821, negotiated at Chicago, by Lewis Cass

and Solomon Sibley. Ratified 25th March, 1822,

21. (See chapter 41 in this table-and at page 363.)

CHAPTER 4.-Treaties with the Cherokees.

1. Of the 28th November, 1785; negotiated at Hopewell, by

Benjamin Hawkins, Andrew Pickens, Joseph Martin, and

Lachlan McIntosh. Entered on the journals of congress

17th April, 1786,

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