proper objects, and find out ways and means to gratify the Propensities. When this organ is large in an author, combined with Individuality and Size, he describes locations with great minuteness and truth. James Fennimore Cooper is endowed with this combination, and all his works are illustrations of its manifestation. In his descriptions of nautical and of Indian character, he is without a successful rival. His Pilot is an admirable illustration of this faculty. He is represented as steering the vessel among rocks and shoals, through a thousand dangers that seem each instant to increase in magnitude; but with a firm and decided voice, and a calm spirit, he gives each necessary order; and with his own master hand guides the noble ship in safety. 11. EVENTUALITY, OR ACTION. Sit at the feet of history-through the night This faculty perceives action, motion or change. It is the source of verbs, as Individuality is the source of nouns. It is the foundation of the talent for relating events, narratives, anecdotes and histories. It is found large in all good historians. It is large in children, and accounts for their love of stories. It is large in those who excel in chemistry, since they must not only notice substances, and describe chemical qualities, but also operations must be conceived, and processes that take place during the chemical combinations, must be understood, before certain deductions can be drawn, or successful experiments conducted. It is the principal element in the talent for physiology, since that science explains the action, or history of organs. It is also an assistant to the machinist, who must not only have a correct idea of the structure of machines, but also of their action or operation. It is also essential to the physician, to enable him to judge of the morbid action of the constitution, and also of the operation of the drugs which he employs. It also calls to his mind the history of analogous cases, in all their minute details, thus enabling him to profit by experience. It induces him further, to enquire into the previous history of the patient, and thereby to judge more correctly of the probable causes of his present state, and of the best remedy. The public speaker is greatly dependent on this faculty, to furnish facts, and the history of the transactions to which he alludes. It is large in historical painters, and those who can successfully represent objects in action; Hogarth is a good instance of this; he has the organ large, and all his works represent action most admirably. The painter who has it small, fails to give expression to his portraits, and animation to his scenes. I lately detected a painter in a falsehood, in the following singular way. He was painting a family piece in which three children were represented tossing a child in their arms in a sportive manner; the company, consisting of several ladies and gentlemen, were admiring the design, and he was taking great credit to himself for his success. Observing that Eventuality was very small in his head, I almost unconsciously exclaimed, you did not design that piece! He immediately advanced to me, and in a whisper, requested me to say no more about it until the company were gone: he then acknowledged that he did not design it, but took it from a book, which he supposed I had seen. It is generally small in criminals, and those who do not learn from experience. Some one has remarked, that "his tory is Philosophy teaching wisdom by example." The organ is large in Hume, Gibbon, the Empress Catharine of Russia; and very small in Zeno, Moore, &c. Gall considered it the organ of educability, because those who had it large were easier educated. He also thought, with Camper and Lavater, that animals are tameable in proportion to the fullness of this part. It is certain that tame animals are fuller in the centre of the forehead, than wild ones of the same genus. The domestic cat and the wild cat differ in this region, and the hyena is greatly depressed in the same part. 12. TIME. Tomorrow, and tomorrow, and tomorrow, To the last syllable of recorded time.-Shakespeare. This organ is situated between Eventuality and Tune, and is intimately related to them both. It is the source of participles, and the tenses of verbs in grammar; combined with Number, it is the foundation of the talent for chronology; time in music, dancing, and marching are also dependent upon it; and those who, like Moore, write melodies that are easily adapted to music, must have it well developed. Memory relates to past time, and each organ of Intellect has a memory of its own; but if this organ be small, although events may be fresh in the mind, they cannot be called up in the succession and order of time in which they passed. Dr. A. D. Smith, one of the Justices of Cleveland, Ohio, and formerly a lecturer on phrenology, is the most remarkable instance that I have ever seen in illustration of this or gan. When I first met him, he requested me to see if I could discover any thing peculiar in his forehead; at the same time stating that in one particular he was singular. After examining attentively, I remarked that the organ of time was depressed, but tune was large; he then stated that he was exceedingly fond of tune, and had a quick perception of discord, but could not keep time; and that he possessed this peculiarity in a greater degree than any other person whom he had ever seen. Animals evidently have perceptions of the lapse of timethey observe the time of feeding, sleeping, migrating, building their nests, and acquiring food for winter; birds, in singing, keep the most perfect time; and horses and dogs have been taught to dance. Many of the operations of nature take place in regular and measured time; even the operations of the mind are limited in regard to time, by the operations of the body. The more active the temperament of the individual, the less time he takes to perform a mental operation. Darwin states truly, that "the time taken to perform an idea, is much the same as the time taken to perform a muscular action;" and any one who will try the experiment, will find that he cannot think, in a reasonable and consistent manner, faster than he can speak his thoughts. I have lately made some experiments and observations, which result in the conclusion, that the accent of speech and music is related, in point of time, to the pulsation of the heart; and the pauses to the movement of the lungs. It is therefore probable, that the action of the brain is synchronous (equal in time) with the action of the heart and the organs of speech. 13. TUNE. "The breeze warbles, and the mute still air Is music slumbering on her instrument."--Coleridge. This is the perception of the pitch of sound, and the fundamental element of music. Music, like painting and poetry, is a complicated and compound subject, and its philosophy is not so obvious as is commonly supposed. The scientific and natural performance of music, involves almost every organ in the brain. It is common for phrenologists to attempt to judge of the amount of musical talent, by reference to the organ of Tune alone; but if my definition of the faculty is correct, they commit an error analogous to that of Dr. Gall, who, when he first discovered the organ of Color, described it as the organ of the talent for painting. Now, although the perception of color is simple, and natural, the art of painting is very difficult, and calls into action all the powers of the mind. Without Tune, no person can be a musician; but with it very large, he may yet be incapable of becoming a performer; for Tune is merely the perception of the pitch of sounds-it enables us to judge of their concord or discord-it is related to the seven primary sounds of the musical scale, just as the organ of Color is related to the seven primary colors of the prismatic spec trum. In music, besides Tune and Time, the organ of Weight is necessary to judge of the force of sound, particularly in instrumental music-Language and Imitativeness are necessary, to give just expression-Eventuality to perceive the different kinds of action represented by the music—and, if any of the propensities are expressed, it will be also necessary that the corresponding organs be large in the head of |