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the Divine. Its emotion, though more intense and enduring than that of other men, is calmer, and therefore less observed. We have seen what susceptibility breathes in Milton's early poetry,not light or gay, indeed, but always healthful and bright. And later, in his essay on Education, he says:

In those vernal seasons of the year when the air is calm and pleasant, it were an injury and sullenness against Nature not to go out and see her riches, and partake in her rejoicing with heaven and earth.'

When old, tried, and sightless, he could turn from the stormy scenery of the infernal regions, and luxuriate in the loveliness of Paradise, the innocent joy of its inhabitants. There is no mistaking the fine sense of beauty and the pure deep affection of these exquisite lines, which the gentle Eve addresses to her lover in the 'shady bowers' of Eden:

Neither breath of Morn, when she ascends
With charm of earliest birds; nor rising Sun
On this delightful land; nor herb, fruit, flower,
Glist ring with dew; nor fragrance after showers;
Nor grateful ev'ning mild; nor silent Night
With this her solemn bird, nor walk by Moon,
Or glitt'ring star-light, without thee is sweet.'

An Independent in politics and religion, a hero, a martyr, a recluse, a dweller in an ideal city, standing alone and aloof above his times, and, when eyes of flesh were sightless, wandering the more 'where the Muses haunt,'— truly

Thy soul was like a star, and dwelt apart.'

Influence. Such men are sent as soldiers of humanity. They use the sacred fire, divinely kindled within them, not to amuse men or to build up a reputation, but to awaken kindred greatness in other souls. What service Milton has rendered to mankind by his love of freedom and the high, brave morals he taught! On account of the learning necessary to their full comprehension, his works will never be popular in the sense in which those of Shakespeare are so, or Bunyan, or Burns, or even Pope and Cowper; but, like the Organum, they move the intellects which move the world. As culture spreads and approaches their spiritual heights, the more they will reveal their efficacy to purify, invigorate, and delight; the more will man aspire to emulate the zeal, the fortitude, the virtue, the toil, the heroism, of their author.

It is a Chinese maxim, that 'a sage is the instructor of a hun

-

dred ages.' Talk much with such a one, and you acquire his quality, the habit of looking at things as he. From him proceeds mental and moral force, will he or not. He is of those who make a period, as well as mark it; who, without ceasing to help us as a cause, help us also as an effect; who reach so high, that age and comparison cannot rob them of power to inspire; who turn, by their moral alchemy,

The common dust

Of servile opportunity to gold,

Filling the soul with sentiments august,

The beautiful, the brave, the holy, and the just.'

INDEX.

Abelard, fame and influence, 87; and
Eloise, 111; on ethical good, 126;
heresies, 132.

Elfric, translates Bible, 117.
Albion, ancient name of Britain, 3.
Alchemy, 128, 189, 256.

Alchemist, quoted and criticised, 447.
Aleuin, quoted, 86; allusion to, 148.
Alexander, 115.

Alfred, laws of, 61, 66; position in
English prose, 117; biography and
criticism, 148-156.
Alliteration, 92, 180.

Anatomy of Melancholy, quoted and
criticised, 427.

Ancren Riule, quoted, 117.
Aneurin, battle ode of, 17.
Angelo, Michael, 287.

Angles, coming of, 6.
Anglia, settled, 7.

Anglo-Norman history in word-
forms, 57.

Anglo-Saxon language.

See Lan-

guage.
Anglo-Saxons, origin, 21; orders of,
21; basis of society, 22; character-
istics, 22, 33; government, 23; fam-
ily tie, 22; culture, 23; supersti-
tions, 23; theology, 24; burial cus-
toms, 27; nomenclature for days of
the week, 25; popular philosophy,
30; savagery, 33; laws of, 34; com-
pared with Celts, 35; with the Nor-
mans, 36; persistent sentiments,
36; language of, 53.

Anselm, Archbishop of Canterbury,
influence of, 12; quoted, 118; on the
being of God, 131.

Antipodes, popular notions of, 129,
191.

Antony and Cleopatra, quoted, 378.
Apology, 325.

Aquinas, Thomas, perfects scholasti-
cism, 132.

Arcadia, quoted and criticised, 341.
Ariosto, 287.

Aristotle, philosophy of, 331; opposed
by Bruno, 331.
32

497

Arminius, theology of, 436.
Arnold, Dr. Thomas, quoted, 1.
Art, sovereignty of, 145.

Arthur, legends of, 7, 105, 107; the
death of, 113; a romance favorite,
120; in Fairy Queen, 360.

Aryas, Aryan, the mother-race, 2;
influence on language, 44, 49.
Ascham, Roger, quoted, 292, 293; as
critic, 321.

Asculanus, martyrdom of, 189.
Ask, myth of, 24.

Asser, quoted, 153, 156.
Astrology, 127, 189, 256.

As You Like It, quoted and criti-
cised, 377.

Atheism, foolishness of, 470.
Augustine, St., on total depravity, 125.

Bacon, Sir Francis, quoted, 157; in-
stitutes the essay form of composi-
tion, 321; contributions of, to the
science of ethics, 328; biography
and criticism, 456–472.

Bacon, Roger, biography and criti-
cism, 156-163.

Baker's Chronicle, 434.
Balder, the Good, 30.
Ballad, early, 247.
Battle of Maldon, 91.

Beaumont and Fletcher, literary co-
partnership, 416; quoted and criti-
cised, 416.

Beauty, vivid sense of. in the Re-
naissance, 287; true source of, 366,
370.

Becket, Thomas à, pilgrimages to the
shrine of, 216.

Bede, Alfred's translations of, 117;
biography and criticism, 145-8.
Bedford, Duke of, quoted, 240.
Beowulf, quoted and criticised, 95;
allusion to, 137.

Berenger, on transubstantiation, 190.
Berkin's Cases of Conscience, 437.
Bernard, St., quoted, 132.
Bible, influence upon English thought
and language, 326; translated by

Elfric, 117; by Wycliffe, 200; by
Tyndale, 327; revised by Cover-
dale, 327.

Bishop Golias, 79.

Boadicea, the warrior-queen, 15.
Boccaccio, relation to the Renais-
sance, 174; allusion to, 287.
Boethius' Consolations of Philosophy,
translated by Alfred, 150.

Book of Common Prayer, quoted, 276.
Book of Sentences, 132.

Books, manuscript form of early, and
their costliness, 83, 173, 237.
Borde, Andrew, quoted, 330.
Boyle, quoted, 435.

Breviary of Health, quoted, 330.
Britain, geography of, 1; area, 2;
climate, 2; political divisions, 2;
Cæsar's invasion of, 4; Roman con-
quest of, 4; Anglo-Saxon conquest,
5; introduction of Christianity into,
5; Danish conquest, 8; Norman
conquest, 8; Celtic period of, 13;
Danish period, 18; Norman period,
19; Anglo-Saxon, 21.
Britons, prehistoric, 2; heroism, 4;
enervation under Roman rule, 6;
apply to the Jutes for aid, 6; dis-
possessed by the Teutons, 7. See
Celts.

Broken Heart, quoted and criticised,
421.

Browne, Sir Thomas, allusion to the
Hydriotaphia of, 100; quoted and
criticised, 429; in relation to ethics,
437; to science, 440; on the dig-
nity and destiny of man, 442.
Bruno, influence and martyrdom of,
329.

Brut, quoted and criticised, 112.
Brutus, legendary founder of Brit-
ain, 3.

Bryant, Thanatopsis, 100.
Brynhild, 27, 35.

Burbage, an actor, 374.

Burke, Edmund, quoted, 145, 456.
Burton, Robert, quoted and criti-
eised, 427.

Butler, Samuel, quoted, 408.
Byron, quoted, 347.

Cadmon, 101: biography and criti-
cism, 139-145.

Cæsar, Julius, invades Britain, 4;
quoted, 15.

Calvin, John, on predestination,
324.

Cambridge University, 174.

Canterbury Tales, quoted and criti-
cised, 216.
Caractacus, 16.

Carew, Thomas, quoted and criti-
cised, 410.

Cases of Conscience, 437.
Castle of Knowledge, 330.
Castle of Perseverance, 306.
Cataline, quoted and criticised, 452.
Cavaliers, the, 402.

Caxton, William, 243; biography and
criticism, 259–264.

Celts, migrations of, into Europe, 3;
as Britons, 3; environment, 13;
customs, 14; religion, 14; acquired
refinement, 15; latent qualities of
art, 16; influence on English na-
tionality, 18, 138; on English lan-
guage, 51.

Chapman, quoted, 425.
Character of a Happy Life, 413.
Charlemagne, as legendary hero, 104.
Charles I, 401.

Charles II, 402.

Charon, quoted, 158.

Charon, the Stygian ferryman, 101,
452.

Chaucer, quoted, 166, 175; in what
sense the father of English poetry,
187; biography and criticism, 204–
232.

Cheke, 321.

Chevy Chase, old ballad, 117.
Chillingworth, 435.

Chinese proverb, 39; royalty, 196;
printing, 244 (note); maxim, 494.
Chivalry, introduction of, 10; influ-
ence, 106, 167.

Christ, power of, as the ideal of
humanity, 82; Decker's characteri-
zation of, 425.

Christian Morals, 437.

Christianity, introduction of, into
England, 36; influence on Saxon
poetry, 99. See Church.
Chroniclers, early, their method, 137.
Church of Rome, organizes the Eng-

lish Church, 73; commanding
position in the Middle-age. 73:
monasticism, 75; the mendicant
Friars, 76; moral deterioration,
78; resistance to, in England, 79;
redeeming excellences, 80; condi-
tion in the fourteenth century, 171;
popular feeling against, 172; agen-
ey in the abolition of slavery, 173;
state of, in the fifteenth century,
238; persecutions, 242.

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