allæostrophic, consisting of two or more stanzas, corresponding to each other Almansor, Caliph of Bagdad, a famous conqueror Alpheus, a river in Arcadia. A youth so named loved a nymph Arethusa: she fled to Sicily, and he, changed to a river, flowed thither by a hidden channel under the sea Amalthea, according to one legend beloved of Ammon, and mother of Bacchus. Nurse of Zeus during his infancy in Crete. He was fed on the milk of a goat (or, as another legend has it, A. was the goat); and when one of its horns broke off, Zeus gave this the virtue of a wishinghorn

Amara, a mountain where the Abyssinian kings kept their children safe amarant, properly an adj., unfading, P.L. iii. 352 amarantine, unfading

(ama

ranth is a flower-name), P.L. xi. 78

Amazons, a race of female warriors

ambrosia, "immortality," the mythological food of the gods, P.L. v. 57

ambrosial, immortal, P.L. ii. 245; P.R. iv. 589 amice, properly a sacerdotal vestment of fine linen, P.R. iv. 427

Ammon, a god who had an oracle in Libya (Jupiter Ammon)

Ammonian Jove, a Libyan

deity. Alexander the Great liked to be thought the son of this deity, and there was a legend to that effect Amphisbana, a serpent supposed to have a head at each end, P.L. x. 524 Amphitrite, a Nereid, wife of Poseidon (Neptune) and goddess of the sea Amram's son, Moses amused, astonished, P.L. vi. 581

musing,

Amymone, a woman beloved by

Poseidon (Neptune) in Greek mythology

Anak, a giant, Deut. ii. 10 Andromeda, a constellation. Beneath it is a sign of the Zodiac called the Ram, which is therefore said to bear it, P.L. iii. 558 Angelica, see Albracca Angola, on W. coast of Africa Anguilla, a Latinising of Ely Anna, Luke ii. 36 Antaus, one of the giants, who were called "earth-born" in Greek

Antigonus, see Hyrcanus Antioch, capital city of the Syrian Seleucida

Antiochus Epiphanes, entered the Holy of Holies, as also afterwards did Pompey Antiopa, beloved by Zeus (Greek mythology) Antipater, the Idumæan, ap

pointed King of Judæa by Pompey; he had great riches Anubis, a dog-headed Egyptian deity, son of Osiris and Nephthys, reared by Isis Aonian mount, Helicon

in

Boeotia, home of the Muses apolelymenon, set free, i.e. not

restricted to a single metre Apollo, Greek god of song_and music, later also of the Sun; he had a famous oracle at Delphi appellant, accuser, challenger, S.A. 1119

Appian Road, a great Roman high-road built by Appius Claudius, leading to Brundu

sium

Aquilo, the North Wind; used for the Greek Boreas, who carried off Oreithyia Arachosia, now part of Afghanistan

Araxes, a river of Armenia,

flowing into the Caspian (Aras or Eraskh)

arbitress, spectator, P.L. i. 785 Arcadia, a district in S. Greece,

proverbial for pastoral simplicity Archimedes, of Syracuse (287212 B.C.), one of the greatest mathematicians of the world

for

of the Hebrew word seraph, P.L. V. 249 areed, advise, P.L. iv. 249 Arethusa, a fountain in Syra

cuse

Argestes, N.-W. wind

Argo, a mythical vessel that carried the heroes in search of the Golden Fleece Argob, later called Trachonitis, a volcanic region in Bashan Argus, a guardian set by Hera to watch Io; he had eyes all over his body. Hermes sent him to sleep with the music of his pipe and killed him Ariel," lion of God"

Aries, the Ram, a sign of the Zodiac

Arimaspian, a fabulous tribe of one-eyed men, supposed to steal gold from the griffins, who dug it up Arioch, "fierce lion " Armoric, Breton

Arnon, river forming the boundary between Moab Ammon

and

Aroar, a city on the Arnon Arsaces, founder of the Parthian Empire, revolted from the Seleucidæ

Artaxata, capital city of Armenia

Artaxerxes, King of Persia Ascalon, one of the five chief

cities of the Philistines Ascalonite. See 1 Sam. vi. 17 Asdod, a city of the Philistines Ashtaroth, pl. of Ashtoreth (Astarte), the female deity of the Phoenicians or Canaanites Asmadai, a name of Asmodeus Asmodai, Asmodeus, an evil spirit, finally imprisoned in bonds by Raphael (see below) Asmodeus, an evil spirit who loved one Sara. She wedded seven husbands, all of whom Asmodeus killed. Then Tobias, son of Tobit, wedded her, and instructed by Raphael, burnt the heart and liver of a fish, at smelling of which Asmodeus fled away to Egypt, where he was bound by Raphael

or

logy, the relations of planets by which they can send forth their influence. They are Conjunction, Sextile, Square, Trine, and Diametral Opposition. (1) Also called Synod when two planets are in one line; (2) when two are distant by a sixth part of the Zodiac; (3) when two stars look at each other at an interval of three signs; (4) when their distance is a third of the circle; (5) when opposite, distant by half a diameter. (Quoted by Masson) Asphaltic pool, the Dead Sea, P.L. i. 411

Aspramont, a town in the Netherlands

Astarte. See Ashtaroth Astracan, a city on the Caspian Astrea, Virgo, one of the signs of the Zodiac

Atabalipa, Emperor of Peru, subdued by Pizarro atheous, godless, P.R. i. 486 Atlantean, the Titan Atlas was fabled to bear heaven upon his shoulders

Atlantic sisters, the Pleiades, daughters of Atlas Atlas Mountains,

Africa

in N.-E.

Atropatia, a province of Media Atropos, one of the Fates, who

cut the thread of life Attic bird, nightingale, P.R. iv. 245 attrite, rubbed, P.L. x. 1072 Auran, a district E. of Jordan Aurora, goddess of dawn Ausonian land, Italy authentic, original, P.L. iv. 719 Azores, a group of islands in the Atlantic

Azotus, Ashdod, one of the five chief cities of the Philistines Azza, Gaza

Baal, the Phoenician sun-god Baalim, pl. of Baal, "lord,' a title of Canaanite gods Baalzebub, a Phoenician deity, "lord of flies " Babel, Babylon, P.L. i. 694 Babylon, on the Euphrates, re

See 2 Kings xxiv.-xxv.; 2 Chron. xxxvi. Bacchus, god of wine. Being kidnapped by pirates, he transformed them into dolphins

Bactra, ancient capital of the
Bactrian kingdom
Bactria, a part of Persia
Balaam. Numbers xxii. 35
Balsora, Bussora,

near

the mouth of the united Tigris and Euphrates Barca, a Greek colony in N. Africa

Basan, a large and fertile district E. of Jordan, still full of ruined cities

base, a skirt forming part of a knight's costume, P.L. ix. 36

bearth, produce, P.L. ix. 624 Beelzebub, "lord of flies," a name of the sun-god, by the Jews supposed to be chief of the evil spirits

Beersaba or Beersheba, southernmost place in Palestine, by the desert Behemoth, a huge_creature_described in the Book of Job, probably rhinoceros or hippopotamus, P.L. vii. 471 Belial, not really a proper name, but a word meaning "wickedness." He appears in Paradise Lost and Paradise Regained as a personification of cowardice and vice Belinus, son of Dunwallo Molmatius, a famous British chieftain Bellerophon, mounted upon Pegasus, slew Chimæra the monster. He also did other feats, but at length being hated of the gods, wandered alone over the Aleian field. The tradition followed by M. relates that he tried to fly to heaven on Pegasus, but Zeus sent a gad-fly which stung Pegasus, and Bellerophon was thrown. Bellerus, a supposed Cornish giant, the name coined from Bellerium (Land's End)

Bethel, a holy place N. of Jerusalem: here Jeroboam set up a golden calf, and another in Dan. I Kings xii. 28 Bethlehem, Matt. ii. 16 bicker, skirmish, P.L. vi. 766 Biserta, in N. Africa Bizance, Byzantium,

Greek

name for the city before it was called Constantinople Blackmoor Sea, the sea washing the shores of Mauretania Bocchus, King of Mauretania boon, kindly, P.L. iv. 242 Boreas, the N. wind Bosporus, the strait leading from Propontis into the Black Sea. Here were the moving rocks that crushed any vessel which tried to pass between them

bottom, a hollow or dell, P.R. ii. 289

Brennus, a British champion, brother of Belinus Briareos, a monster with fifty

heads and one hundred hands, who rebelled against Zeus

brigandine, mailcoat, S.A. 1120 budge, lambswool, or fur, C. 707 bull, an edict of the Pope, P.L. iii. 492

Busiris, a King of Egypt buxom, soft, P.L. ii. 842

Cadmus, founded Thebes in Greece; he and his wife Harmonia (not Hermione) were changed into snakes in Illyria Cacias, the N.-E. wind Calabria, in S. Italy Cales, a town of Campania, famous for wine Calisto, Callisto, a nymph beloved by Zeus, in Greek mythology Cambula, i.e. Cambáluc, another

name of Pekin, built by Kublai Khan

Came, the Cam, on which Cambridge is situated

Can, i. e. Khan, an Eastern title

Candaor, now Kandahar Caphtos, Crete, whence the Philistines were said to have come, Amos ix. 7 Capitol, the citadel of Rome. It was not on the Tarpeian Rock, as Milton says in P.R. iv. 49, but on the opposite peak of the Capitoline Hill Capitoline Jove, Jove as worshipped on the Capitol at Rome; a legend had it that Scipio Africanus was his son Caprece, a small island off Naples, where Tiberius lived in retirement, leaving his creature Sejanus to govern in Rome. See P.R. iv. 95 Carmel, a mountain-promon

tory S. of the plain of Jezreel Casbeen, Kazvin, in N. Persia Casius, a mountain range on the borders of Egypt and Arabia Petræa Castalian Spring, near Delphi, and another in Daphne, which see cataphract, men in full armour, S.A. 1619

cates, things, provisions, P.R. ii. 348

Cathay, includes the E. part of

Siberia. Allusion is made in
P.L. x. 291 to the supposed
N.-E. passage

causey, causeway, P.L. x. 415 Centaur, a sign of the Zodiac (a monster, half man, half horse)

Cerberean (see below, under Cerberus)

Cerberus, a three-headed dog which guarded the lower regions

Ceres, goddess of agriculture, etc., mother of Proserpine cerestes, horned snake, P.L. x. 525

Charonea, where Philip of Macedon defeated the Athenians. The orator Isocrates is said to have died at

the news, being then 98 years old Chalybean, from the Chalybes, a tribe famed for working in iron

Cham, Ham, son of Noah Chamos, chief god of the Moabites

champain, level, P.L. iv. 134 charming, murmuring, P.R. ii. 363

Chebar, a river in Chaldæa Cheek, Sir John, first Professor of Greek at Cambridge Cherith, a torrent running into the Jordan, probably on its E. side. See 1 Kings xvii. 6 Chersonese, the Golden, Malacca, Malay Peninsula

Cherubim, a high order of celestial beings Chimera, a monster compounded of lion, dragon, and goat, that breathed fire; killed by Bellerophon Chios, an island off the bay of Smyrna, famous for wine Choaspes, a river of Susiana, falling into the Tigris Cimmerian land, a half mythical land of perpetual gloom Circe, a witch who turned the companions of Ulysses into beasts

Cleombrotus was so delighted with Plato's description of the future life, that he cast himself into the sea the sooner to enjoy it Clymene, a nymph in Greek mythology, beloved of Apollo Cocytus, river of lamentation, one of the rivers of the infernal regions in Greek mythology

colure, one of the two great circles drawn on the celestial sphere; they were the Equinoctial and the Solstitial, P.L. ix. 66

complicated, intertwisted, P.L. x. 523

Comus, a Greek word meaning "revelry," personified by M. concent, harmony, p. 410 concoct, digest, P.L. v. 412 confine, border upon, P.L. ii. 977

conjured, in conspiracy, P.L. ii. 693

consistory, assemblage, P.R. i.

42

consort, company, p. 411 convinced, convicted, P.R. iii. 3 cope, covering, P.L. i. 345 Corydon, the typical shepherd in pastoral poetry

Cotytto, a Thracian goddess, in whose honour midnight orgies were held

Crab, a sign of the Zodiac Cremona, in N. Italy, birthplace of Marco Girolamo

Vida, author of a poem called the Christiad

crescent, the badge of Turkey cresset, a kind of lamp, P.L. i. 728

Crete, an island S. of the Archipelago

Cronian, Arctic, P.L. xii. cry, pack, P.L. ii. 654 Ctesiphon, a city near Seleucia Cybele, mother of the gods, represented in art with a crown of towers

Cyclades, a group of islands in

the Egean Sea, forming a circle around Delos Cyllene, a mountain in Arcadia Cynics, a school of philosophers

who paid no attention to the decencies of life

cynosure, properly the tail of

the Little Bear, hence used of the pole-star or any centre of attraction, p. 401 Cynthia, the moon

Cypress lawn, crape or gauze of
Cypress, p. 404
Cyrene, a Greek city in N.
Africa

Cyrus, King of Persia
Cytherea, Venus (Gr. Aphro-
dite): her son was Æneas

debel, vanquish (Lat. debellare), P.R. iv. 605 Deccan, S. of India

defend, forbid, P.R. ii. 370
Delia, Artemis (Diana), the
goddess of the wild wood-
land, huntress; born in
Delos, hence the name
Deliverer, a title given to De-
metrius, Poliorcetes, and

Ptolemy 1. of Egypt (σwrýp)
P.R. ii. 82

Delos, a small island in the

centre of the Cyclades. It was called out of the deep by Neptune's trident. At first it floated, but was after fixt to the bottom with chains of adamant, to form a safe place for Leto to be delivered of Apollo

Delphi, a famous sanctuary and oracle of Apollo, on Mt. Parnassus

Delphos, Delphi, the seat of a famous oracle of Apollo in N. Greece Demodocus, the blind bard of King Alcinous, in the eighth Odyssey Demogorgon, "master of the fates (Greene), a powerful and malignant being: not actually named before the fourth century A.D. The word is probably a corrup