probably within a few hours of his decease.

He was a man of extraordinary endowments, employing his great powers to the best of purposes; a

man of whom it may be truly said that while he was laborious in the affairs of this life, "all his serious thoughts had rest in heaven."

CHARLES-François - Duperier Dumouriez, who died this year on the 14th of March at Turville-park, near Henley-upon-Thames, in his 85th year, was born Jan. 25, 1739, of parents not affluent, although noble. His father, the translator of " Richiardetto," bestowed on his son a very careful and extensive education. After his classical education, in which he had been very successful, he entered the army; where, at the age of 18, he became a soldier, and made his first campaign against the same duke of Brunswick, whom, in 1792, he drove from the territory of France. He distinguished himself in several attacks, and was at last taken prisoner; but not till he was covered with wounds, and had lost his horse.

At the age of twenty-two he had advanced to the rank of captain; possessed the cross of St. Louis, and had received twenty-two wounds.

On peace being made in 1763, he began his travels, to study the languages and manners of different nations. He travelled in Italy, Belgium, Spain, and Portugal; and published a work, intituled, "Essay on Portugal," after which he returned to Paris 1767; where he was named aide maréchalgeneral of the army destined to invade Corsica. Having served with reputation in the two campaigns of 1768, and 1769, he was raised to the rank of colonel.

In 1770, the duke de Choiseul appointed him minister to the confederates of Poland; and he com manded a body of men in that country during two campaigns, and conducted several very important negotiations with various suecess. As the measures of the confederates were ill-concerted, their revolution was unfortunate and ended in the partition of Poland.

In 1772, the marquis of Montey nard, minister of war, employed him to correct and revise the military code of laws: at the end of the same year this minister, by the express order of Louis 15th, entrusted him with the management of a secret negotiation relative to the revolution of Sweden; but hav ing received his instructions on this affair immediately from the king kimself, and unknown to the duke D'Aiguillon, minister of foreign affairs, who had succeeded the duke de Choiseul, at the change of minis try, he was arrested at Hamburgh in 1773, and conducted to the bas tille by the orders of that minister. The irresolute Louis 15th yielding to the importunities of madame du Barry, his mistress, and the duke D'Aiguillon, disgraced Montey nard, forbore to inform the duke of the authority he had given him to negociate, and suffered him to bear the weight of a criminal prose cution, which the duke D'Aiguillon, suspecting the truth, feared to carry to extremity. He rejected

offers of friendship and protection made him by this despotic minister, and after lying six months in the Bastille, he was banished to the Castle of Caen for three months.

Louis 15th died soon after; and D'Aiguillon was disgraced. General Dumouriez had no inclination to take advantage of the expiration of the lettre de cachet, for the purpose of regaining his liberty; he was anxious to be completely justified, and therefore petitioned Louis 16th to order a revision of his trial. The king having commanded M. du Muy, M. de Vergennes, and M. de Sartine to revise the trial, those three ministers signed a declaration that he had been unjustly prosecuted. Immediately afterwards he was sent to Lisle, in his rank of colonel, to make a report respecting the new military manœuvres which the baron de Pirsch had brought from Prussia. He had also a commission to examine a plan for improving the navigation of the river Lys, and another plan of forming a harbour in the channel at Ambleteuse. These employments occupied the latter end of the year 1774, and the whole of 1775.

In 1776, he was joined in a commission with the chevalier D'Oisy, captain of a man of war, and colonel la Rozière, one of the ablest engineers in Europe, to determine on a proper place in the channel for the construction of a naval port. He passed the year 1777, in the country twenty leagues from Paris. At the end of that year he was invited to Paris by M. de Montbarey, minister of war, on account of the rupture between England and her colonies, which he had long predicted.

In 1778, he procured the office of commandant of Cherbourg to

be revived and given to him. Being persuaded that Cherbourg was better calculated than any other place in the channel for a national harbour, and being aided by the zeal, activity, and influence of the duke d'Harcourt, governor of the province; he obtained a decision, in favour of Cherbourg, of a question that had been agitated during a hundred years, concerning the preference to be given to Cherbourg or La Hogue, for the site of a naval port. From that time till 1789, he was occupied in superintending the works of Cherbourg; and, during that period, he was but three times at Paris. When he first arrived at Cherbourg, it contained no more than seven thousand three hundred inhabitants, and when he quitted it, they amounted to nearly twenty thou sand.

At the commencement of the revolution he stayed much evil, in the place where he commanded. At Cherbourg the excesses of the populace were punished by him with death; but still he could not be accused of being inimical to the liberty of the people.

The military governments of towns in France being suppressed, he went to Paris, where, during two years, he studied the influence and character of the Revolution.

In 1791, he was appointed to the command of the country from Nantes to Bourdeaux. At that period a religious war raged in La Vendée, and the people laid waste the castles and lands of the nobility. He had the good fortune to calm the minds of the people, and to preserve tranquillity in that country till the month of February 1792, when he was recalled to Paris, was raised to the rank of

lieutenant-general, and appointed minister of foreign affairs.

At the end of three months, finding himself embarrassed by the various factions, and being sincerely desirous to see the king's council possessing proper dignity, and his measures governed by constitutional principles, he changed the ministry and obtained a promise that the king would sanction two decrees which appeared expedient to his service. The king would not grant him his permission; the ministry was again changed by his order, and general Dumouriez took the war department. But, soon perceiving that the court had deceived him, he resolved not to be the instrument of their intrigues; and gave in his resignation three days after being appointed minister of war.

Louis was two days before he would accept of his resignation, and he did not suffer him to depart without expressing the deepest regret.

One month had not elapsed after the departure of the minister, for the army, before the king was insulted; and, at the end of the second month, he was a prisoner in the Temple!

The enemy entered France; the leaders of the revolution revenged themselves on the unfortunate Louis. Dumouriez, as a citizen and a general, had only to repulse the enemy, in the expectation that their retreat would lessen the danger which surrounded the king. There was still reason to think, that the excesses of the revolutionists might be checked. Dumouriez refused to follow Lafayette's premature example, and he succeeded him in the command of the army of the north. He marched with a few soldiers against

the Prussian army, of almost 100,000 men strong, and by the most expert manoeuvres, arrested their march, took their strongest positions, and wrote to the assembly, "Verdun is taken: I wait for the Prussians. The defiles of the Argonne are the Thermopyle of France; but I shall be happier than Leonidas." In truth, in a very few days the invaders had fled.

The genius of Dumouriez changed in this campaign the des◄ tinies of France and of Europe.

His prudence had obtained him the victory almost without a combat, and Dumouriez flew to oppose other enemies, and to display a very varied talent. On the plains of Jemappes he gained a decisive victory, and the standards of France soon floated over all Belgium.

After these events, general Dumouriez returned to Paris, where the trial of Louis 16th had already commenced. He had little doubt of saving Louis 16th. He had sent a certain number of his officers to Paris, to facilitate this design, and depended on the cooperation of a part of the Assembly, and of the population. All his expectations deceived him; and Louis 16th perished.

The general retired to the country during these horrible days; and, soon after, found no place of safety but at the head of his army. He had now no hope of saving his country from the monsters who governed. His army was alone capable of bringing back the revolution to its proper limits. the Convention had ascertained the intentions of general Dumouriez, and though they dared neither to dismiss him, nor to accept of his resignation, which he offered again and again. They endeavoured to des

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troy the love his troops bore to 1 him, as well as their confidence in him. The commissariat supplies failed the invaded provinces were éxhausted-all his resources diminished-in order to encourage insubordination, and to prepare for the overthrow of this general, whose renown was alarming. These measures were put into execution with such effect, that, in spite of the most prudent precautions and most useful combinations, Dumouriez failed in a campaign, which was the last, and might have been the most important.

General Dumouriez hastened to treat with the prince of Coburg for the evacuation of Belgium, and very soon after obliged him, by a new treaty, to respect the French territory; whilst he himself determined to lead his soldiers to the capital, to disperse its tyrannical legislators, to save the family of the unfortunate monarch, and to re-establish the constitution of 1791. The anarchy of the government was to be reformed by Frenchmen alone; and it was only in case of Dumouriez's want of sufficient forces, that, at his demand, the prince of Coburg was to furnish what he should require, while the remainder of the army of the enemy should remain on the frontiers.

The Convention being instantly informed of all, by some of the of ficers, summoned the general to their bar, and sent police officers to arrest him. He determined upon arresting the police officers himself, and =delivered them up to the prince of Coburg, as hostages and guarantees for the safety of the royal family.

General Dumouriez issued his orders; but many of his generals neglected to execute them, and VOL. LXV.

some even refused. The army, to which the Convention had, sent its spies, was carried away; the general was obliged to leave them, and to take refuge at the head quarters of the enemy.

Afterwards he found an asylum in Switzerland, and there published a volume of his "Memoirs," which soon obtained him many friends: but Switzerland was too near to France, and was about to yield to the latter. The general was obliged to fly: he went to Hamburgh. The Landgrave Charles of Hesse-Cassel, father-in-law of the king of Denmark, bought an estate in Holstein, of which he was the governor; furnished it, placed horses and a carriage in the stables, and went in search of his friend; whom he conducted to this retreat. "This is yours," said he, "I am sorry it is not in my power to offer you more than a pension of 400 louis!"

England was his last home, where the government received him with generous hospitality. An illness of a few days, unaccompanied with paina rapid physical decline, which did not impair his fine understanding, or his generous spirit-bore him away, in the midst of religious consolations, from the cares of his friends already become his children. On the day of his death he rose at eight o'clock; as usual he lay down at twelve, at the desire of his medical attendant; and breathed his last at twenty-five minutes past two.

He was short in stature, but well formed; his countenance was agreeable; his eyes sparkling with brilliancy even to the last; he was full of kindness and gaiety, and his mind was enriched with varied and extensive knowledge; he underQ