are

of the leaves for use. In dry seasons, the plants will probably require a good supply of water. They put forth their branches vigorously as soon as they have taken to the ground, and extend before the end of the season three feet on each side from the centre of the bed. The branches are round, numerous, succulent, palegreen, thick, and strong, somewhat procumbent, but elevating their terminations. The leaves fleshy, growing alternately at small distances from each other, on shortish petioles; they are of a deltoid shape, but rather elongated, being from two to three inches broad at the top, and from three to four inches long; the apex is almost sharp-pointed, and the two extremities of the base are bluntly rounded; the whole leaf is smooth, with entire edges dark green above, below paler, and thickly studded with aqueous tubercles; the midrib and veins project conspicuously on the under surface. The flowers are sessile in the ale of the leaves, small and green, and, except that they shew their yellow anthere when they expand, they are very inconspicuous. The fruit when ripe has a dry pericarp of a rude shape, with four or five hornlike processes inclosing the seed, which is to be seen in its covering. In gathering for use, the young leaves must be pinched off the branches, taking care to leave the

leading shoot uninjured; this, with the smaller branches which subse quently arise from the alæ of the leaves which have been gathered, will produce a supply until a late period in the year, for the plants are sufficiently hardy to withstand the frosts which kill nasturtiums, potatoes, and such tender vegeta bles. The tetragonia is dressed exactly in the same manner as spinach, and whether boiled plain or stewed, is considered by many superior to it; there is a softness and mildness in its taste, added to its flavour, which resembles that of spinach, in which it has an advantage over that herb. My whole crop in the present year consisted solely of nine plants, and from these I have been enabled to send in a gathering for the kitchen every other day since the middle of June, so that I consider a bed with about twenty plants quite sufficient to give a daily supply, if required for a large table. The great advantage of this vegetable is as a substitute for summer spinach. Every gardener knows the plague that attends the frequent sowing of spinach through the warm sea son of the year; without that trouble, it is impossible to have it good, and with the utmost care it cannot always be even so obtained exactly as it ought to be (particularly when the weather is hot and dry), from the rapidity with which the young plants run to seed.

Instrument for finding the latitude, at once, without the help of logarithms or calculation, from two observations taken at any time of

day. The inventor of this instru ment, Joseph Bordwine, esq. professor of fortification at the East India Company's military college

Diorama, and the idea is borrowed from the panorama. The scene is the interior of some grand building, or the view of a beautiful valley, which is exhibited from only one point of view. The spectator mounts a staircase, lighted by a single lamp. He then enters a handsome room, and before him is a window looking into the interior of the chapel of the Trinity, at Canterbury. The room then turns on a pivot, and the spectator is surprised at seeing before him the valley of Sornen, in Switzerland. The picture is placed at a fixed distance from the spectator, and is lighted from the sides as well as from above, while it is so contrived that the eye of the spectator shall be kept upon the picture, and pass over the space between without notice. By this means, the illusion is almost perfect, and the looker-on can scarcely imagine himself other wise than looking at nature from a window.

Process of hatching poultry by steam.-Mr. Barlow, of Lamb's Conduit-street, has exhibited a mechanical apparatus, which he states to be of his own invention and to have been for several months under the examination of the Society of Arts, for hatching poultry and birds of every description by a process of artificial incubation, in which he describes his success as in the proportion of 16 to 20 eggs: of course, it is essential that the eggs shall be fresh, and in the proper

state.

The apparatus consists of a small boiler of the common form for creating the steam, which is then passed through a conductor into an oven constructed for the occasion, and where the baskets are arranged in which the eggs are deposited; the heat is regulated by thermo

meters, and the evaporation of the steam carried off and governed by hydrometers according to a simple and ingenious contrivance. Mr. Barlow's description of the process is as follows:

"Scarce is the egg exposed to the heat in the ovens 12 hours, when some lineament of the body of the embryo chick begins to appear. The heart begins to beat at the end of the second day; at that time it has the form of a horse shoe. On the third day, two vesicles with blood, the pulsation of which is very evident one is the left ventricle, the other is the root of the great artery: one auricle of the heart appears about the 50th hour, which resembles lace folded back upon itself. The beating of the heart may now be observed in the auricle, and afterwards in the ventricle. The fourth day, the wings may be distinguished, and on the head two knots for the brain; one for the bill, and two others for the fore part and hind part of the head; the two auricles visible already approach nearer the heart than they did before. the fifth day, the first auricle that appears seems to have two horns, but it afterwards appears to be auricles. About the sixth day, the liver is seen. The first voluntary motion is observed at the end of the 131st hour. At the end of 138 hours, the lungs and stomach become visible; and at the seventh day, the intestines, the loins, and the upper jaw, two ventricles may be seen, and two drops of blood instead of one, which was seen at first, and the brain acquires some consistence. At the eighth day of incubation, the bill opens, and the flesh appears in the breast; at the end of the 194th hour, the sternum (ie. the breast-bone) is seen; and

On

on the 9th day, the ribs come out of the back; the bile and the gall-bladder become visible: on the 10th day the bile becomes green, and if the chick be taken from its integument, it can move itself insensibly. Eleventh day, the feathers begin to shoot, and the skull becomes grissly. At the 12th day, the eyes appear; and the ribs are perfect at the 288th hour. On the 13th day, the spleen approaches the stomach; and on the 14th and 15th day, it increases in size and bulk. On the 16th day, the beak opens and shuts; and about the

18th day, the chick utters its first cry. Its strength then gradually increases, till its sets itself at liberty by breaking the shell in which it was confined.

The artificial process will be seen from this description, to accelerate by several days the natural operation; and, as it might be carried on to any extent, by the size or multiplication of ovens, a great advantage in the acquisition of stock would necessarily be derived, provided the apparatus were found to work with the certainty and economy ascribed to it.

J. NEVILLE, of New-walk, Surrey, for an improved method of producing and applying heat to, and constructing and erecting furnaces and other reservoirs, used for the various purposes of roasting or smelting metallic ores, or other substances, melting metals, or any other matter; and for heating pans or boilers, or substances usually contained in pans or boilers, in the various operations of producing steam, distilling, brewing, dyeing, boiling or baking sugar, boiling soap, or any other manipulation or operation in which the application of heat is necessary; and also, for the purpose of producing and applying heat to furnaces, pans, boilers and reservoirs, already erected and used, or to be used, for the purpose above-mentioned; and likewise, for effecting a saving in fuel, and producing a more complete combustion of smoke than at present takes place, as well as a better mode than any now in use, of collecting and preserving any volatile substance contained in, or combined with, metallic ores or other substances in the separation of which heat is necessary; and for the purpose of applying heat to the operations of baking or dyeing substances in kilns, floors, or racks, or in ovens. - Jan. 8, 1823.

W. Johnson, of Great Totham, for a

means of obtaining the power of steam for the use of steam-engines with reduced expenditure of fuel.-Jan. 8,

W. Lister, of Baildon, Otley, for improvements in the method and machinery for preparing and spinning wool, silk, mohair, and other animal fibre, of any quality or length of staple.-Jan. 16.

R. Copland, of Clerkenwell, for combinations of apparatus for gaining power; part of which are improvements upon a patent already obtained by him, for a new or improved method or methods of gaining power, by new or improved combinations of apparatus applicable to various purposes.—Jan. 16.

G. Miller, of Lincoln's Inn, for a method or plan of communicating the spiral motion to shot and shells when fired from plain barrels, and for igniting, by percussion, shells to which the spiral motion has been thus communicated. -Jan. 16.

J. Taylor, of Raven-row, Mile-end, for a new method of constructing the bottoms of merchants ships, and placing the pumps so as to prevent damage to the cargoes by the bilge-water.-Jan. 16.

J. Smith, of Old Broad-street, for certain improvements on a machine for washing, cleansing, and whitening cot

ton, linen, silk and woollen garments, or piece goods.-Jan. 20.

W. Glossage, of Leamington Priors, for a portable alarum, to be attached to, and detached from, clocks and watches, and which may be regulated to take effect at any given period of time. February 11.

N. Partridge, of Bowbridge, near Stroud; for improvements in the setting or fixing of steam-boilers or coppers, by which a considerable saving of fuel will be effected, and the smoke more effectually consumed.-February 14.

T. Fuller, of Bath, for an improve. ment in the construction of shafts, and the mode of attaching them to twowheeled carriages.-February 18.

P. Chell, of Earle's-court, Kensington, for improvements on machinery for drawing, roving, and spinning hemp, flax, and waste silk.-February 18.

A. Applegath, of Duke-street, Surry, for improvements in printing machines. -February, 18.

T. Bury, of Salford, for improvements in dyeing or producing a permanent nankeen colour on cotton, wool, skeinyarn, and other articles.-February 18.

F. Deakin, of Birmingham, for improvements to piano-fortes, and other stringed instruments.-February 18.

W. Church, of Nelson-quare, Surry, for an improved apparatus for printing, to be used by type, block, or plate printers.-February 18.

G. E. Harpur and B. Baylis, of Weedon, for a method of impelling machinery.-March 18.

R. Badwell, the younger, of Leek, Staffordshire, for improvements in the throwing, twisting, or spinning of sewing-silk, Organzine, Bergam, and such other descriptions of silk as such improvements may be applicable to.March 18.

H. H. Price, of Neath Abbey, for an apparatus for giving increased effect to paddles used in steam vessels, applicable to rotary movements, by which they are generally worked.-March 18.

W. Crighton and J. Crighton, both of Manchester, for an improvement in the construction of the cylinders used in carding engines, and other machines employed in the preparation for the spinning of cotton, flax, wool, silk.March 18.

W. Bailey, of High Holborn, and T. Horne the younger, of Birmingham, for improvements in the manufacture of

metallic window-frames, and other metallic mouldings, applicable to the orna menting of furniture.-March 18.

T. Rogers, of Buckingham-street, Strand, for an improvement on stays and bodices, which improvement is also applicable to boots.-March 18.

W. Hope, of Jedburgh, for improvements in the construction of printingpresses.-March 18.

T. Hancock, of Goswell Mews, Middlesex, for an improvement in the preparation, for various useful purposes, of pitch and tar, separately or in union, by an admixture of other ingredients with either or both of them.-March 22.

T. Wickham, of Nottingham, for a compound paste and liquid, to be used for the purpose of improving and colouring lace and net, and all other manufactured articles made of flax, cotton, wool, silk, or any other animal or vegetable substance, whether the fabric of the same be composed of holes or interstices, or of open or close work, or otherwise, and to be applied in the process of getting up, dressing, or colouring the same.-March 24.

W. Jessop, of Butterley Hall, Derbyshire, for an elastic metallic piston, or packing of pistons, to be applied either externally or internally to cylinders.→ March 27.

W. Warcup, of Dartford, for an improvement or improvements in the construction of a machine called a Mangle. April 3.

J. Frost, of Finchley, Middlesex, for certain improvements in the process of calcining, and preparing calcareous and other substances, for the purpose of forming cements.-April 3.

C. Pope, of Bristol, for a composition of certain metals to be used for the purpose of sheathing the bottoms of ships and vessels, and of roofing the tops of houses, or for any other purpose to which such composition may be appli cable.-April 8.

D. W. Acraman, of Bristol, ironmanufacturer, and W. Piper, of the Cookley iron-works, near Kiddermin ster, Worcestershire, iron-manufacturer, for certain improvements in the prepa ration of iron, for the better manufac ture of chains and chain cables.-April

12.

J. M. Hanchett, of Crescent-place, London, companion of the most honour. able Order of the Bath, for certain improvements in propelling boats and vessels. April 12,