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by Bishop Crewe in 1703, and by Bishop Chandler in 1735.* From that time to 1809, the inbrethren received 40s. a year in addition to other advantages, and the out-brethren 40s. a year only.

like manner. At afternoon drinkings, Every one to have a piece of bread cut to him by the butler if it be required, and a jug of beer amongst them that are there present at the buttery door.”

* By the latter regulations (under which the Hospital is still governed, except so far as they were altered by an ordinance of the late Bishop Barrington) it was provided,

1. That the master should be always a person in holy orders, of the degree of master of arts at least, a licensed preacher, and one who should be capable of business, and should apply himself to it, especially for the maintenance and prosperous estate of the Hospital.

2. That the master or his deputy, appointed by him to act in his name, should usually reside within the said Hospital for the better ordering and governing the members thereof.

3. That the master, if he should not be constantly resident in person, should often repair thither to preach and read lectures, and to inquire and hear the complaints of the brethren when they should have any, and

see them redressed.

4. That the common seal should be kept by the master in a box locked up, and not trusted with the deputy, and that the master should be always present when the seal should be put to any instrument.

5. That the counterparts of the leases should be preserved in the custody of the master himself, and as often as there should be occasion to trust any writing out of his hands, he should take a note for the safe delivery of it. 6. That no demise of lands anciently used to be demised should pass otherwise than by the common seal, and that no demise of lands not demisable by Queen Elizabeth's foundation should be accounted valid in law, though it should be duly sealed with the common seal.

7. That upon sealing of any lease, 12d., and no more, should be given to every member that should attend to sign the lease.

8. That the demesnes at Sherburn should never be demised by lease for years or lives, but the whole, or at least the greatest part thereof, should continue in the occupation of the master, or his deputy or agent, so that there should always be maintained on the ground a full stock of young cattle of all kinds, and a sufficient quantity of hay, and stores of corn and other grain in the granaries, to answer all occasions of the house.

9. That upon the death, cession, or resignation of every master, so much of his stock and stores of all sorts as should be prized to the value of £200 should be delivered over to the succeeding master, who should be legally entitled thereto, from the preceding master, his heirs or executors, or the sum of £200 for and in lieu and in full satisfaction for the same.

10. That every master, soon after his induction, should be bound to the bishop of Durham in the penalty of £400 for the payment of £200, or stock and stores of that value, to his lawful successor.

11. That an exact inventory should be taken by every master at his coming into his place, of all the plate, household goods, kitchen and brewing vessels, utensils in the dairy and cellar, and for husbandry, linen, bedding and all other furniture, as well belonging to the house of the master as the houses of the brethren, and one copy thereof lodged in the bishop's registry with the said bond.

12. That the original of these statutes should be safely locked up in the same box with the common seal, to be delivered with the said seal to the next successor, and that a book should be prepared for common use, wherein these statutes, as far as they concern the brethren, should be fairly written with Queen Elizabeth's Act of Foundation, in the 27th year of her reign, and such other rules as should thereafter be made. The rules concerning the brethren to be read to the in-brethren at a full meeting once a year.

13. That a book should be kept by the master or his deputy, wherein should be fairly entered the names of all the present members, and the time of their coming in, and when and before whom they were sworn, and as often as any of them should die, the brother who should succeed him should have his name entered, his country, parish, his age, and the day of the year of his being sworn, and by whom, and whom he should succeed, and till this be done that no person should be reckoned a brother or member of Sherburn House.

14. That as many brethren should be lodged within the house as the ancient lodgings would permit, and had usually for many years past resided therein.

15. That in filling up the vacant places of the in-brethren, a preference should be often given to the outbrethren, who in the master's opinion should deserve to be taken into the house, yet so as that it should be matter of choice and discretion in the master, and not of obligation to proceed in that way.

16. That these qualifications should be required in every man that should be admitted into Sherburn House as a brother; that he should be a single person who should have lived well and creditably in the world, and should not at the time be worth £20; that he should be born in the county of Durham, unless by special allowance of the bishop the county should be dispensed with; and particularly that such as had lived within

Dr. Bell, the master, in the last-mentioned year increased the annual provision of the out-brethren to £4, and gradually raised the annual payments to the in-brethren to £7, 6s. each, which sums were paid until 1819. He also, before that year, erected a new range of buildings behind the apartments of the brethren, for their better accommodation. In 1819, Bishop Barrington ordered a new wing to be erected, containing 15 apartments, for the out-brothers, so that the whole might be accommodated within the building. Those who, from having wives, could not comply with the the manors, and been tenants to the lands of the bishopric or hospital-estate, if in other respects they should be as well qualified, should have the preference; that he should be of the age of 56, or upwards, never under; that he should not be labouring under any sickness, or incurable or infectious disease, though the lame and impotent should be considered in the first place.

17. That he should be a constant member of the Church of England, and continue so.

18. That to this end, every man desiring to be a brother should present a petition to the master, setting forth his case, with a certificate of his age under the hand of the minister of the parish where he was born, and another certificate of his peaceable, social disposition, and sober behaviour, and conformity to the Church of England for some years past, under the hands of credible gentlemen and others, neighbours to the place where he should have last lived, which petitions and certificates should be filed by the master, to be produced when he should be called upon.

19. That no one should be treated as a brother and member of this corporation, or entitled to any profits as such, who should not have first taken his oath for performing such ordinances and rules as had been and should thereafter be made and set down by the bishop of Durham, under his hand and seal, which oath should be taken before the bishop, if he should be at that time in the city of Durham, or else before his spiritual chancellor, or the chancellor's principal surrogate, without fees.

20. That within a month after every vacancy, the master, if he should be in the country, should be bound to put in a new brother, or within six weeks at most, if the master should be far absent; and that upon the master neglecting to fill up the place within that time, it should be in the power of the bishop to name a brother without the master, who should be accordingly admitted.

21. That no woman, child, male relation, or friend, should be suffered to abide in the room or lodging of any brother on any account, except a nurse to take care of the sick.

22. That no brother should presume to be absent from prayers, to go abroad, much less to lie out of the house without leave of the master or his deputy, which should be sparingly allowed, and the time of absence not above two or three days, and the leave to be noted in a book kept for that purpose.

23. That the brethren should attend duly morning and evening prayer, sermons on the Lord's Day, and the Holy Sacrament as often as it should be administered.

24. That the chaplain of the said Hospital should be constant in reading the morning and evening service, according to the Liturgy of the Church of England, and preach every Lord's Day, and administer the Holy Sacrament four times in the year at least, and should be diligent in visiting the sick.

25. That a Bible and Whole Duty of Man should be provided for every in-brother, which upon the death of any one of them should go with all the furniture of his chamber (bought by the master) to his successor. 26. That no brother should be a drunkard, guilty of any notorious crime, or live a disorderly offensive life. 27. That in all these cases the master, to whom the power and authority of governing the brethren and the servants of the house is committed, should by himself or his deputy, or the chaplain, correct and punish the offender according to the quality and degree of the offence, (that is to say,) at first by a serious admonition, and then by suspending him from his diet for two, three, or more days, but never longer than three weeks at a time, the value of the diet of the suspended person to be divided among the other brethren, not offenders; and that if afterwards any brother should go on offending in the same way, the master should then carry his complaint to the bishop, that he may be removed, or otherwise punished as the bishop should think fit.

28. That the brethren who should be well, should eat together at dinner in their common hall, unless for reasons to be given to the bishop, he should dispense with this rule for any time.

29. That the woman who is to wash their clothes, &c. should be of middle age, of good fame and converation, as the same also was required of all the other servants and ministers belonging to the house.

30. That the late orders concerning the manner of diet of the brethren throughout the year, with some few alterations as annexed in a separate paper, should be revived and enforced.

31. Lastly, as to the relief of poor travellers at the gate, which had been customary, the bishop gave no injunctions; idle vagrants, he adds, should be discouraged and punished, necessitous travellers on their honest occasions supplied; but care should be taken that such as should have no legal settlement be not made bur. thensome to the Hospital by an indiscreet relief.

rules of the resident brethren, were to receive £20 a year for life; but none are in future to be appointed who are not single or widowers.*

The following is the yearly rental of the estates belonging to the Hospital in 1829 :—
Rents for the demesne land, &c. let by the master alone, at rack-rent, to yearly tenants £1795 5 0
Rents reserved on leases granted for three lives, or 21 years, by the master and brethren,
and renewed from time to time on the payment of fines
Prescript rents payable to the master and brethren

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89 18 91 8 19 8

£1894 3 5

The amount of the fines paid to the master for the renewal of leases from 1809 to 1829 was £13,394, 18s. 5d. The annual expenses are stated by the Commissioners as follows:

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Clothing, furniture, books, &c. for 21 brethren, about, per annum 67 0 0
Paid in money to the in-brethren

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148 10 0

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"The residue of the funds," they add, "arising from the rents and the fines taken upon the renewal of leases, is received by the master to his own use; and according to the preceding statement it will appear that, since his appointment in 1809, he has received on an average, after deducting £1000 laid out in building the new apartments for the out-brethren, about £1164 per annum."

The Hospital forms three sides of a square; one side comprising the mansion-house, in which the master and chaplain reside, and a farm-house, with out-buildings; and the other sides containing a chapel, and lodgings for the 30 brethren, with proper conveniences for coals, &c. The building was destroyed by the Scots, but restored by Thomas de Hessewell, master between 1330 and 1339, and has since been rebuilt by Dr. Gregory, master in 1759. In the chapel only are found remains of the age in which the founder lived. It consists of a nave, a chancel, and a west tower. The nave has three round-headed lights on the south; and the chancel has three pointed lights on each side, adorned with tracery. The east window has been restored with five lights, and contains some painted glass, ancient and modern. The chancel is stalled for the use of the brethren. Within the altar-rails is a stone engraved with a cross flory, a Bible, and a chalice, supposed to denote that

The Commissioners for inquiring concerning Charities describe the support of the 15 in-brethren as follows:-In lieu of the former weekly allowance of bread, small beer, and cheese, each receives 1s. 6d. a week ; also a quart of good beer every day, one pound of meat boiled or roasted every day, except on Fridays and fast-days, when they receive one pound of pudding, and there are particular allowances for the several festivals and feasts throughout the year. Each of them also has two loads of coals in the course of the year delivered at his door; and he receives annually at Christmas a suit of clothes of strong drab cloth. Their apartments are supplied with furniture, beds, and bed-linen, which is washed by the nurse; and they have given to them Bibles and other religious books. The several articles are provided by the master, and he also supplies them with cloth cloaks; but these are considered as his free and voluntary gift. An allowance is also made to each in-brother of £1, 3s. 6d. every quarter, and ls. a week for good behaviour, which is stopped and disposed of amongst the other brethren in case of any misconduct. The out-brethren residing in the Hospital enjoy the same allowances of clothing, furniture, and books, but they are not supplied with provisions, and therefore receive a greater allowance in money than the 15 in-brethren, viz. £6 a quarter each in addition to the weekly sum of ls. each for good behaviour.

the deceased was a travelling preacher throughout England: on the transverse part of the cross:→ 66 THOMAS LEAVER PREACHER TO KING EDWARD SIXTE HE DIED IN IVLY 1577." The Rev. Robert Walker Bamford is the present chaplain.

MASTERS OF SHERBURN.-Ernald or Arnald, 1183.-Arnald de Auclent occ. 1200.-Sir Martin de Sancta Cruce, 1245.-Roger de Seyton, 1269.-William de Insula, 1302.-Lambert de Torkyngham, or Tricklingham, occ. 1317.-Thomas de Hessewell occ. 1330.-Thomas de Neville, 1339.-Alan de Shutlyngton, 1362, p. m. Neville. Thomas de Bernolby, 1367, p. res. Shutlyngton.-John de Waltham occ. 1384.-John Burgeys occ. 1391.-Alan de Newark, cl., 1403, p. depr. Burgeys.-John Newton, 1409, p. res. Newark.-Nicholas Dixon, pres. 1427.-John Marshall, LL. B., 1433, p. res. Dixon.-Alexander Lyghe, Lye, Legh, or Lee, 1489.-Robert Dykar, cl., 1501, p. res. Lyghe.-Dr Roderick Gundisalve (a Spaniard), 1507, p. m. Dykar.-Geoffrey Wren.-Edward Fox, S. T. P., 1527, p. m. Wren.-Thomas Leghe, L. D., 1535, p. prom. of Fox to the see of Hereford.-Anthony Bellasis, alias Bellassyse, 1545, p. m. Leghe.-Richard Read, 1552, p. m. Bellasis.—Anthony Salvayn (afterwards imprisoned for being a Catholic), 1552, p. res. Read.-Ralph Skynner, 1559, p. depr. Salvayn.-Thomas Lever, 1562, p. m. Skynner.-Ralph Lever ("a troublesome Nonconformist"), 1577, p. m. Lever.-Valentine Dale, LL. D., 1584.-On the death of Dr. Dale, 1589, Bishop Hutton bestowed the mastership on his own nephew, Robert Hutton, B. D., who resigned in favour of Dr. Robert Bellamy.-Thomas Murray, Esq., 1606, p. m. Bellamy.-William Shawe, A. M., 1623, p. m. Murray. John Machon, A. M., 1636, p. m. Shawe.*-John Montague, 1680, p. m. Machon.-Thomas Rundle, 1727, p. m. Montague.-Wadham Chandler, A. M., 1735, p. res. Rundle. Robert Stillingfleet, 1738, p. m. Chandler. David Gregory, D. D.,+ 1759, p. m. Stillingfleet.-Mark Hildesley, D. D., 1767, p. m. Gregory. -Thomas Dampier, 1773, p. m. Hildesley.-Thomas Dampier, 1774, p. res. his father.-Andrew Bell, D. D. and LL. D., 1809, p. res. Dampier for the see of Ely.-George Stanley Faber, B. D., 1832, p. m. Bell.

During the civil wars between the king's army quartered at Durham and the parliament army stationed at Quarrington, the Hospital was plundered of its cattle and goods, also of many of its old charters and muniments, and Mr. Machon was much abused and dispossessed, and one John Fenwick, a tradesman in Newcastle and guide to the Scottish army, was put in master, who soon after got an order from Oliver Cromwell to put in his son, John Fenwick, a layman, to be master there, whereby Machon was kept out of the Hospital 18 years. After the Restoration, he petitioned the king to be restored, and enjoyed it till his death in December, 1679.

+ Dr. Gregory's benevolence was diffusive and general. While master of this Hospital, he did not confine the old men as heretofore. to the strict allowance, which, good as it might have been when anciently settled on them by their founder, was now become a sad and scanty pittance; but, as far as it was in his power, made them enjoy the sense and spirit of the benefaction. He demolished all the little wretched huts in which they were huddled together, and erected a handsome commodious stone edifice. For this purpose he cut down and sold a large wood at Ebchester, belonging to the Hospital, as it is said, and adequate to the expense.

Dr. Bell was born at St. Andrew's in 1753, and was educated in the University of that place. In 1789, he was appointed chaplain to Fort St. George, and minister of St. Mary's, at Madras, where he undertook the gratuitous superintendence of the Military Male Orphan Asylum until 1796, during which time he founded the Madras (since called the National) System of elementary Education. No sooner were its advantages known, than it was patronized by the government of Fort St. George; and on Dr. Bell's arrival in England in 1797, the highest authorities in church and state decided in its favour, and it has since been adopted in every civilized nation in the world. In Great Britain alone, there are at the present time" 10,000 schools, without any legislative assistance, wherein 600,000 children are educated." In 1809, Dr. Bell resigned the valuable rectory of Swanage in Dorsetshire, with the rectorial tithes and pa tronage of the parish of Worth, in favour of the nominee of his patron, the bishop of Durham, by whom he was put in possession of the mastership of Sherburn; and he was also a prebendary of Westminster. He distributed no less a sum than L120,000 to various national institutions and public charities; and many valuable works on education were written by him. He died at Cheltenham, January 28, 1832, and was buried in Westminster Abbey.

WHITWELL HOUSE, EXTRA-PAROCHIAL PLACE.

Whitwell House is situated in the parish of Kelloe, and adjoins the grounds of Shincliffe in St. Oswald's parish. It contains three farms; and, in 1811, the population was 17, which, in 1821, had increased to 38, being 7 families inhabiting separate houses. The annual value of property assessed to the county-rate in 1828-9 was £122, 10s. By Boldon Book, William held Whitwell, paying half a mark. Under Hatfield's Survey, it was held by the master of Sherburn; and this estate, with its mines and tithes, is still held by lease under Sherburn Hospital, and its inhabitants are provided with sittings in the chapel there. Thomas Bullock occurs as lessee of Whitwell about 1660, from whom it passed to the Middletons and Teesdales. In 1810, it descended to the Rev. Henry Wastell, who soon after sold Whitwell Grange to John Gregson, Esq., the present proprietor.

CITY OF DURHAM.

HISTORICAL EVENTS.

T does not appear in the writings of any of our ancient topographers, that there was a town where Durham now stands before the monks rested there with the remains of St. Cuthbert, about the year 995, on their return from Ripon, whither they had fled to avoid the attacks of the Danish marauders. On this occasion, the procession halted at Wredelau, generally supposed to be the lofty eminence of Wardonlaw, 5 miles distant from the eastern coast, and commanding a full prospect of the fertile vale of Wear.* At this spot, according to the account of the monkish historians, the ark which contained the body of St. Cuthbert became suddenly immoveable; and it was only on the third day, after a solemn fast and supplication, that the saint communicated his pleasure in vision to a monk named Eadmer, commanding that their course should be directed towards Dunholme,t where his church was in future to find a secure establishment.‡

The sloping sides of the eminence where the city and cathedral of Durham were afterwards erected, were as yet entirely covered with shaggy wood; the summit alone presented a small extent of level and arable surface. Here, on the arrival of the procession, the holy reliques were deposited under a tent or tabernacle of boughs, and afterwards translated to a small edifice distin

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* Some, however, have imagined that the name may be rendered Weardale; and others think that Wardley, in the parish of Jarrow, is the place mentioned (see vol. i. p. 17).

+ Derived from the Saxon dun, a hill, and holme, a river. Out of this the Latins framed Dunelmum, which (the Normans calling Duresme) was afterwards corrupted into Durham.-Camden.

Tradition adds that the bishop and his host were still ignorant of the precise spot designed for their future residence, and that it was accidentally discovered to them by a person meeting a woman in quest of her lost cow, who informed her that she would find it in Dunholme. The astonished monks rejoiced at the propitious sound, and followed their guide, who fortunately led them to a country "flowing with milk and honey." In reference to this circumstance, and emblematic of the rich meads and valleys on the river Wear, the effigies of the women and the bountiful cow, on the west corner tower of the east transept of the cathedral, are said to have been erected. This legend, however, is not mentioned in the early writers, and rests on the sculpture, which may have given rise to it. "It does not appear from Simeon's narrative," says Surtees, "that any doubt was entertained as to the designated spot. Of the situation of Dunholme, already perhaps known by that name, and tenanted at least by agricultural occupants, the monks of Chester could scarce be entirely ignorant; and if we strip off the veil of miraculous fiction in which the ecclesiastical writers invalve every fact of church history, we may probably find in the apparent strength and security of the place the real motives of preference."

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