Badajoz years he formed all the models for the manufactory. While here, he had an opportunity of observing the models of different sculptors, which were sent to the pottery to be burnt; and by them he was inspired with a strong inclination for his future profession. He immediately began to apply himself with unremitting diligence, and his progress was so rapid that he obtained nine of the first premiums from the Society for the Encouragement of the Arts. The carliest of these was in 1758, for a figure of Peace, when he was only eighteen years of age. During his apprenticeship he formed a design of making statues in artificial stone or cement, which has since been brought to great perfection. About 1763 he began to work in marble; and having invented an instrument for transferring the form of the model to the marble, he saved a great deal of time, and brought his instrument to be adopted by other sculptors. In 1769 he obtained from the Royal Academy the first gold medal given by that society, and the year following he was chosen an associate. The reputation acquired by the exhibition of his statue of Mars induced Dr. Markham, archbishop of York, to employ him in making a bust of George III. for the hall of Christ Church, Oxford. While modelling this bust, the king asked him "if he had ever been out of the kingdom;" and on being answered in the negative, "I am glad of it," said his majesty; "you will be the greater honour to it." Bacon's execution of this bast gained him the royal patronage, and he was employed in forming another for the university of Göttingen. In 1777 he was engaged to prepare a model of a monument to be erected in Guy's Hospital to the memory of the founder, which occasioned him to be employed in the execution of Lord Chatham's monument in Guildhall. The year following he became a Royal Academician, and completed a beautiful monument to the memory of Mrs. Draper, in Bristol Cathedral. His other works are too numerous to be specified; suffice it to mention the monument of Lord Chatham in Westminster Abbey, and Howard's and Dr. Johnson's in St. Paul's Cathedral. B. in Southwark, 1740; D. 1799. He was of an estimable private character, and ordered the following inscription, which he wrote himself, to be placed on his tombstone: "What I was as an artist seemed to me of some importance while I lived; but what I really was as a believer in Christ Jesus, is the only thing of importance to me now." He wrote the article "Sculpture" in Rees's Cyclopædia. BADAJOZ, Juan de, bad-a-joth, a native of the Spanish city of the same name, attained to considerable eminence as an architect. He flourished in the 16th century, and was distinguished for the profusion of carving and sculpture which he introduced into the works executed by him, several of which still remain in Leon and Castile. In 1512 he was one of a committee of nine architects appointed to consult as to the erec tion of a new cathedral at Salamanca. The dates of his birth and death are unknown, but from an inscription on the church and monastery of Exlonga, near Leon, he appears to have been living in 1515. BADALOCCHIO, Sisto Rosa, ba-da-lotch'-e-o, an Italian painter and engraver, held in considerable estimation, especially as a draughtsman. His works are to be found in Bologna, Modena, and Parma. B. 1581; D. 1617. BADCOCK, Samuel, bad'-kok, an English divine, Baden best known by his critiques, in the "Monthly Review," on Madan's "Thelypthora," D Priestley's "History of the Corruptions of Christianity," &c.; and by the considerable share which he had in Dr. White's assa Lectures. He was a man of great livade 2, taste, and learning. B. at South Molton, 1747; D. 1738. BADBY, John, bad'-be, an artificer, and among the first victims of the persecution of the Lol lards under Henry IV. Although unlettered, he had a dispute with Arundel, Archbishop of Canterbury, as to the Real Presence in the con secrated wafer, and, refusing to be convinced, was condemned to be burnt at Smithfield, in 1409. The Prince of Wales, afterwards the celebrated Henry V., was present, and urged Badby to recant, offering him both a pardən and a pension, but the martyr was firm, and the sentence was carried into execution. BADDELEY, Robert, bad'-lee, a low comedian of considerable repute, who was long con nected with the Drury Lane company. He died in 1791, and bequeathed his cottage at Hampton to the managers of the Theatrical Fund, on condition that four of the pensioners of the fund should be elected to occupy it, who "did not o ject to live sociably together"-a proviso which would seem to imply that harmony was not a special characteristic of the histrionic profession in his time. BADDELEY, Sophia, wife of the preceding, an actress of much celebrity in genteel comedy, was the daughter of the sergeant-trumpeter to George II. She appeared at Drury Lane n 1761; and so pleased the king in the part of Fanny, in the "Clandestine Marriage," that he ordered her portrait to be painted by Zoffany, She likewise sung at Ranelagh and Vauxhall, where she was paid the then handsome salary of twelve guineas a week. She eloped wit Baddeley before their marriage, soon separat si from him, lived a very dissipated and disre putable life, and ultimately died in great desti tution at Edinburgh. B. 1745; D. 1901. BADEN, dukes of, baa'-den, a very old German family, which still enjoys the grand-duel titles and dignity, took its rise from Gottfried, duke of the Allemans, about A.D. 700, and members of which have from time to time taken part in the wars and politics of Germany and italy eve since. The most prominent individuals of this family were-1. Ilerman II., who in 1130 first took the title of Margrave of Baden, and was thus the immediate founder of the race. 2 Frederic I., son of Herman VI. and Gertrude. daughter of Leopold the Glorious, duke of Austria and Styria, by whom he was left an infant, and having been deprived of his mother's inheritance, he took refuge at the court of Louis the Severe of Bavaria, from which he went to take part in the war between Naples and Charles of Anjou. He was present in the battle of Tagliacozzo, August 23, 1268, in which Charles was victorious, and Frederic was shortly afterwards taken prisoner and beheaded—a cir cumstance which opened the way to the hors of Hapsburg attaining to the imperial dignity. 3. Philip I., who took an active part in the Reformation in Germany, having assisted in the Diet of Worms in 1521, and in that of Spire in 1526. He died in 1533. 4. Louis-William I, who was regarded as one of the greatest ge nerals of his age, was born at Paris, 165, and commenced his military career in the armies of Baden the empire in 1674, under Monté uculli. He succeeded to the Margravate of Baden in 1677; end in 1683 took part in the war against the Tarks, in which he had as compatriots John Sobieski of Poland, Charles of Lorraine, and Escene of Savoy; he helped to deliver Vienna from the Moslers, and took a prominent part in the numerous battles and sieges which have de the war memorable in history. He, on the death of Sobieski, competed unsuccessfully for the crown of Poland, and held a high com. and in the German army at the commencement of the war of the Spanish succession, and was opposed, not without credit, to the great Marshal Villars. On the junction of the armies of Prince Eugene and Mariborough with his own in 1701, he was virtually set aside from command, his tactics and skill being in every respect inferior to those of the two great warriors named. He died on the 4th of January, 1707; and as he had totally neglected his own territry to engage in the quarrels of others, he left his lands in a miserable condition, from which it was many years ere they recovered. As a warrior, however, he was a man of much mark and great experience, having passed through 26 campaigns, 25 sieges, and commanded in 13 battles. Badius Meer. Wh ther his plan of a elry of im BADIA, Tommaso, bare-de-a, a cardinal, who figured in the Reformation controversy begun by Luther, taking part against the refiner, but with more moderation than n ny others. Paul III. appointed him one of the mendira who formed the engre, ation of Wora 1 it preparatory to the Coused of Frent, and he haq the largest share in drawing up the memorial there agreed to, urging the reform of al- ́s which had crept into the church, but which, although printed by order of the Pope, was not then allowed to be circulated. For his servi es on this occasion he was, in June, 1512, created a cardinal, but died a few years after, on the 6th of September, 1547. Balla left several works behind him, which have never been print 1, although constantly referred to by his Lio graphers. B. at Modena, about 113, and edu cated by the Dominicans, whose habit he took BADEN, Dr. Richard, ba'-den, the founder of Clare Hall, Cambridge, who, in 1326, was chan-on becoming of age. cellor of Cambridge. In the same year he laid the foundation of a building to which he gave the name of University Hall; which, being art down, was rebuilt about the year 1312 by Ehh, countess of Clare, who named it Care Hall Lived in the 14th century. BADESS, Francis, ba'-dens, a skilful Dutch historical and portrait painter. B. at Antwerp, 1571; D.163. His warm colouring procured him the surname of the "Italian." BADILE, ba'-de-lai, Antony, an Italian painter, whose portraits were far more natural and life. like in appearance than those of the carlier masters. He was the uncle and first instructor of Paul Veronese. B. at Verona, 140); D. 1500. BADILY, bad'-e-le, an eminent naval commander in the time of Cromwell, who, with a much inferior fleet, fought a desperate a tion with the Dutch under Van Galen, off the Isle of Eiba, in 1652, and although norain: "ly defeated, BADIA Y LEBLICH, Domingo, bad-e-a e leblik, he did so much damage to the Holiau lers, as to better known as Ali Bey, was born in Eis- leave them only a barren victory. He subse Ca, in 1768. Conceiving the project of found-quently took part, along with Commodore ing an European colony between Morocco and Algiers, he first obtained the sanction of the Spanish court, and resided for some time in Paris and London, collecting information and funds. He then assumed the Mussulman garb, proceeded to Tangier, where he proclaimed himself the son of a Syrian prince, and so completely deceived the Mohammedans that he was everywhere received with much distinction as a true son of Islam. So far did he carry this deception, that he was feted by the emperor of Morocco, and on making the pilgrimage to Mecea, was allowed to sweep and perfume the Kaaba after the sherif. After travelling over a good deal of Africa, and all Syria, Egypt, &c., in the latter of which he met Chateaubriand, who pronounced him "the most polished Turk in existence, and a worthy descendant of Saladin," he returned to Europe, where he found the king of Spain in the hands of Bonaparte, in whose service he embarked, and held the prefectship in several Spanish provinces subject to king Joseph. On the fall of Bonaparte, he managed to recommend himself to Louis XVIII., who encouraged him to pursue his plan of the African Settlement, and funds were provided for a new journey. He was still to keep up his character of Mussulman, and to revisit Mecca, and then proceed to Africa to carry out his original scheme. But he was never destined to do either, having been cut off by dysentery, in August, 1818, while accompanying the great caravan from Syria to Appleton, in another action with the same Dutch fleet, after both parties had quietly repaired damages in the same neutral port; lat of what finally became of him nothing is known. His early career is also involved in obscurity; but his gallantry in the battle referred to ch titles his name to preservation. BADIUS, Josse, bad'-e-oos, a distinguished scholar and printer, was a native of a village called Asche or Assen, in the vicinity of Brus sels, and was hence called Asc nsius. He was a complete master of Greek and Roman literature, which he taught for some time at Lyons, and then became corrector of the press to John Trechsel, whose daughter he married. He sub sequently established a printing press in Paris, from which were issued some good editions of the Latin classics, and many excellent works, some of which were of Badius's own composi tion. He had three daughters, all of whom were married to printers. One of these was the wife of Robert Estienne, one of the family of famous French printers of that name. n. 1162; p. 1535. BADIUS, Conrad, son of the above, was still more eminent both as a scholar and a printer. The earliest editions printed by him that are known bear date 1516. Having embraced the reformed doctrines, he removed from Paris to Geneva in about 1519, and there, in conjunction with his brother-in-law Estienne, he printed a great variety of works, which are alike valu able for their accuracy, beauty, and the prefaces Badoara and introductions which Badius wrote to them. He enjoyed the friendship of both Calvin and Beza. B. 1510; D. about 1560, but the date of his death is uncertain. BADOARO, bawd-o'-d-ro, a distinguished noble family of Venice, which produced in the 16th century several eminent poets, senators, and orators, the most remarkable of whom were-1. Lauro, poet, B. 1546; D. 1523. 2. Daniele, senator, D. 1581. 3. Pietro, a famous advocate, and natural son of Daniele, D. 1591. 4. Fredeico, statesman, and founder of the Academy Della Farina, at Venice, B. 1518; D. 1593. 6. Giacomo, dramatic poet, whose plays were represented at the San Giovanni theatre, and several of which have been published, and are still popular. Lived in the 17th century. BALLI, Francesco, law-ai'-le, a distinguished Sicilian poet and mathematician, who, to improve himself in knowledge, travelled all over Europe, and finally settled in Sicily; he contributed a variety of works to the "Bibliotica Siciliana" of Montignore. B. at Melazzo, in 1639; the date of his death is uncertain, but he lived into the 18th century. BAERSTRAT, bar-strat, a Dutch painter, who excelled in sea-pieces and fish. His works are highly estimated. Lived in the 17th century. BAERT, Baron Alexander Balthazar Francis de Paul de, bair, a French senator and author, was Lorn at Dunkirk, in 1750. In 1791, he was a member of the Legislative Assembly; but quitted France after the events of Aug. 10, 1792, and retired, first, to the United States, and then to England, where he resided for several years. He subsequently returned to France, and, among other works, wrote an account of Great Britain and her possessions, which is considered by the French as an excellent account of England, although in reality but an abridgment of previous works on the geography, constitution, &c., of Great Britain. On the faith of this work, he was regarded as a great authority on English affairs, and was often consulted by Napoleon I. upon them. D. in 1825. BAFFIN, William, baf'-in, an English navigator, of whose early life little or nothing is known. In 1612 he made a voyage to the northwest, of which he wrote an account, and which was the first in which a method was adopted by Baffin of determining the longitude at sea by observations made upon the heavenly bodies. In 1613 he made a voyee to Greenland, and in 1615 made another with Bylot, and in the following year acted as pilot to the same commander, and discovered the large sea which bears his name. In 1621 he joined the British expedition which, acting in concert with the Persians, was to eject the Portuguese from the Persian Gulf, where, at the siege of Kisma's, a small fort near Ormuz, he was killed. B. 1551; D. 1622. Baglivi of London, and devoted much of his time to col lecting materials for the elucidation of points in its history. He was an uneducated man, wrote little-indeed, could not have done so, from want of education; but his collections have been of great service to others. He intended to have written a history of printing, but the prospectus was all that ever appeared of it. His collections are in the British Museum, and are both curious and valuable. He was bred a shoemaker, but afterwards obtained employment in buying rare books, &c., for booksellers and other collectors, one of whom was the carl of Oxford. B. about 1657. D. 1716. BAGGESEN, Emmanuel or Jens, boj-e'-sen, a clever writer, both in Danish and German, was a native of Corsoer, in the island of Zealand, where he was born on February 15, 1761. He was educated at Copenhagen, and when 20 years of age produced his first work, called "Comic Tales," which display much liveliness of ima gination, together with satiric humour, which last quality, however, he said was not natural to him, though it marks nearly all his works. He was of a very restless disposition, and spent a large part of his life in wandering from place to place. In one of his journeys he became ac quainted with the daughter of the poet Haller, and married her. He was afterwards appointed professor, first at Copenhagen, and afterwards at Kiel; but neither of these positions did he long retain. His first wife died in 1797, and in the following year he married a second time, the name of the lady being Fanny Reibaz. His restless disposition involved him in debts and difliculty, and even conducted him to prison in France. He became an enthusiastic admirer of the first revolution, and remained in France from 1793 till 1810, when he again set off on his journeyings, and finally died at Hamburg, Oct. 3, 1826. His works are, besides the "Comie Tales," already mentioned “Danish Ballads and Poems," an opera called "Holger Danske," 'Labyrinthicn, or Wanderings of a Poet," being an account of one of his journeys; an epic idyl, entitled "Parthenais, oder Alpenreise," "Adam and Lve," a comic poem, notwithstanding the nature of its subject; and a volume of corre spondence. Some of these works were published by his sons after his death. He was considered equally successful in writing German as his na tive language, Danish. BAGLIONE, Giovanni, burg-le-o'-nai, a Roman artist, who enjoyed considerable reputation and patronage as a painter in oil and fresco, but is now better known for his "Lives" of his contemporaries than for his pictures. He was patronized by popes Sixtus V. and Paul V., and was elected principal of the Academy of St. Luke, in 1618. His works are to be seen in Rome, Naples, and Mantua; he was especially excellent in colour and light and shade. The date of his death is not known, but must have been subsequent to 1612. His book of "Lives," which contains 81 memoirs, and is written in an easy, simple, and pleasing style, was pub lished at Rome, in 1642, again in 1619; and at Naples, in 1733, with some additions by G. D. Passari. B. at Kome, about 1573. BAGE, Robert, boje, a writer of novels which were popular in their day, was brought up as a paper maker at Darley, near Derby; but, being unsuccessful in business, took to nevel writing to divert his mind from brooding on his difficulties. His works are-" Barham Downs," "The Fair Syrian," "Mount Heneth," and "James Wallace." He died at Tamworth, on BAGLIVI, George, bawg-le-re, a distinguished Sept. 1, 1801. His life was written by Sir Wal-physician, born at Ragusa, 1669, who, after studyter Scott, which shows that his reputation was not insignificant. BAGROAD, Jevn, bei'-food, an antiquary and collecter of rare boob, prints, &c., was a motive ing at Salerno and Padua, became a professor at Sapienza, and was mainly instrumental in restoring the ancient principles of medicinethose of experience and observatia ef na Bagration Baillie pretended to grant skill in trology. He was a great adiator of Paracol 19, aard wrote a summary of his datîne. D. 1605. rs an tura. He died at the early age of 33, in March, 1707, his zeal for sine having indeed hita to overwork himself, and so shorten h's career. Had he lived, he would probably have rendered still greater services to medicine. The works after taking degree of M.A. in the Gla row BAILLIE, Rebet, ble, a Scot h divine, who be left are consulted even to this time. BAGRATION, Peter Ivanovitch, Prince, ba-rezent of phill, ophy. During the civil war he University, revived piscopal orders, and grub-she-on, a cele rated Russian general, who join the Covenenters, and went to Londoa to emminced his military career under Potemkin, exhibit charges arist Archbishop Lad. He and in 1701 served under Sawarov in 1' land, was one of the co...siones nt by the Genwhere he greatly distinguished himself. 1790, in Italy, under the same lender, he proved Hague. At the Restoration he was mode prin. Hirol Ansonably of 2 otkad to Celec at the him of so able a soldier, that Suwarov called cp. 1 of his college, and might have lind a Lin his right arm." He took Brescia and for-bishoprie if he would have conformed. B. April tuna, and defeated a French division under Mo-30, 1992; n. 1962. His letters, and fournal of rean near Marenzo. At the taking of Turin, h in the actions of Trebbia and the Acd, at the 1.burgh, in trole transactions in Er zlat. I, were publ. had at taking of Alessandria and of Sercbasso, and at the battle of Novi, he added to h's former repu- of arines, was, in almost al parts of the V), 1775 BAILLIE, Edward, a disti galshed ofer In 1803 he commanded the vanguard worl I, present with his cop.tin Inland of the allied Austrian and Russian army, under savies, during the wars with Napokon from Kutusoff, and in that capacity displayed great 173 op to 111. He rose to the raak of licuabilities. He was present at the battles of ten.at-cloud, and was my hc tommel as a Austultz, Eylan, and Friedland, an 1 at each brave, skitfal, and able cf. shove i his skill and courage. In 1307 he served in the campaign in Finland; and, gaining con- 'did mar Pe...broke, in Cet, 191, are gent man. siderable sucessos, was mainly instruacht 1, n. 1774, of Ith parents; in detaching from Sweden a large portion of Persian scholar, prof BUILLIE, John, a di tinguish 1 British offer, Finland. He afterwards had the command of law, diretor of the East India Company, the Russian army in Turkey; and in 1512, when and administrator of In an affair, wh-seved or of Mohromn Napoleon invaded Russia, was appointed to the for many years in India in almost all cap tics, western army, and made a masterly retreat on civil and miltery, end was excl. lly it fal to Slnko, where he joined his forces with the settlement of Band und, the Gy ths of Barclay de Tolly. that he commanded the left wing at Borodino, there was alone pre ved by his 15,titude, After the battle, General declaring that the British authority Watch was struck by a shell, of which wound ability, an 1 ipfa nex" Ayshortly after died. B. in Georgi, 1765; D.liente cat-col He rose to the r. nk of l, and after h's return to Eng BAILEY, or Baley, Walter, bai'-le, a native of from 1920 to a 3), and for the Inverness baighi land was member of Parliana at for Heyden Purtsham, Dorset, where he was born in 1529, from 1939 till his death in 1 3. u. 1772. ancient physician, who was £ne essively Few, Proctor, and Rezius Profesor at New age when good authors were no BAILLIE, Jonna, a distinzií hed we for in an College, Oxford. He was also physi in to Queen mother was Dorothea Imater, a s Ezibath, by whom, as well as by the courtiers celebrated anatoa i ts John and Was. Hanter. Her gly, he was highly estamined. rer works on mediene, parti Marly on thestad, whethy always liv. Maxtract, red, He left The greater part of her Bio was pas nd at Hamp trethunt of diseases of the eye. D 174 BAILEY, Peter, author of seve.el humosia. for some years before hir di vh, in 5 rous poem, and editor of a periosical entitled c Fogh not in the hi ! elu. The Muream," was the son of a solicitor at hal, at one time or other, tea lorg of to Vag Nantwich, Cheshire, and after being elated Sir Walter Scott plasany d li htfal hours pany, nearly all the g.cat auth » at Raphy and Meton College, Oxford, entered with her, an 1a 15th himself at the Tepie with the view of studying his house at Eli'suga for the bar. He gave more attention, however, her plays, which w to writ n with a view of to Literature than to law. He wrote "Sketches | delineating the She is bekrowa by from St. George's-in-the-Fields," "Idwal," aand to eith of which she a voted a wasid porn fundel on occurrences connected with tragedy or conely. The ena by which sho berth wind, the conquest of Wales; a Greek poem, published was rezulted in the pod ton of the clu• in the Classical Journ" and a feta, inisiasi tiet hath in the pap ratory disthe Spenserian stanzi, polished enongmony, constar dras in 170:- "Let one ingle calo "A Queca's Appeal." January 25, 1923. lle died su delay, i trait of the hutaan hee.t, on expresia of BAILEY, Philip James, is a member of the dad, and it will stand forth alas, in the 1px ion, gear he and true to natu, be introbar, and the son of the proprietor of the boldness of reality; whilst the false and uaNottinghua Mercury. He is known in the to-natural around it fades away on every gidy, like rary world as the author of "Festus," the the rising exhalation of the mom Az" Angd World," the "Mystle," the "Age," &e. Bothwell, 1762; D. at Hamp fod, 11, in her Festus" is his greatest wak; and although it soth year.-Joanna Baillie was esteemed "the was finished when the author was little more Lady Pontiful" among the por of the nigh than twenty years of age, it contains some beaubourhod in which she lived, and up to the last of many of the sentiments with which it is disflares, notwithstanding the pcenicity retain the fall po session of her faultics, fred. B. 1816. ree. ter of the B. at BAILLIP, Matthew, M.D., the brother of 115 |