Leyden, where he died. B. at Leyden about 1591; D. 1633.

BAILY, Edward Hodges, R.A., bai'-le, an

Lecame one of the most distinguished anatomists and pathologists of his day. In 1810 he was made physician to George III., and was offered a baronetey, which he declined. He wrote seve-eminent sculptor, who began his career as an ral works in connexion with his profession. artist by producing small portrait busts in wax. n. at Bothwell, 1761; D. on his estate in Glouces- Obtaining an introduction to Flaxman, he was tershire, 1823.-Amonument has been erected to admitted into the studio of that distinguished Dr. Baillie in Westminster Abbey. When Sir man. At the same time he entered as a student W. Scott heard of his death, he wrote to his at the Royal Academy, where, in 1809, he obsister Joanna, "We have, indeed, to mourn such tained a silver medal, and in 1811 a gold medal, a man as, since medicine was first esteemed a with an income of 50l. The first work which useful and honoured science, has rarely occurred fixed his popularity and placed him amongst to grace its annals, and who will be lamented as the best sculptors of England, was his "Eve at long as any one lives who has experienced the the Fountain," which is now in the Bristol advantage of his professional skill and the Library Institution. Many of the statues of lectionate kindness by which it was accom- late years erected in London and the provinces panied." are by him; and there is scarcely an exhibition of the Royal Academy that is not adorned by some of his embodied poetical conceptions. Some of his happiest efforts have appeared in these; amongst which may be named his "Iler. cules casting Hylas into the Sea," "the Sleeping Nymph," "Eve listening to the Voice,"

"The Girl preparing for the Bath." Amongst his latest productions is "The Graces Seated," which is considered one of his best performances. B. at Bristol, 1788.-Although he made large sums of money during the earlier portion of his life, yet in 1859 the public discovered with astonishment that he was but indifferently provided for.

DAILY, Francis, the son of a banker, and himself a stockbroker up to his 51st year, when he began with ardour to cultivate the science of astronomy, which he unremittingly pursued throughout the rest of his life. He was one of the founders of the Astronomical Society, and not only distinguished himself by his industry, but by the many works which he produced upon his favourite science. B. at Newbury, 1771; D. 1844. "Baily's beads," a peculiar appearance sometimes visible during the period of an eclipse, take their name from this astronomicr.

BAILLY, John Sylvain, bai(l)-ye, an eminent French astronomer, who at an early age evinced a strong inclination for scientific pursuits, which was encouraged by his friends. When young, he communicated some valuable papers to the Royal Academy, and in 1766 published a work on the satellites of Jupiter. În 1768 he pub-"Helena,' "Psyche," "Maternal Love," and lished an éloge of Leibnitz, for which he received a gold medal from the Academy of Berlin. This was followed by the éloges of Charles V., Lacaille, and Corneille, which, with the former, were printed together. In 1775 appeared the first portion of his "History of Astronomy," the concluding volume of which was published in 1787. Besides these works, he published several historical disquisitions and astronomical observations. In 1761 he was elected a member of the French Academy, and entering cagerly into the political discussions of his native country, was chosen president of the first National Assembly. In June, 1782, he presided at that aceting of the deputies at the Tennis-court when all took oath not to dissolve until they had prepared a new constitution for France. In the following month he was made mayor of Paris, but soon lost his popularity, owing to the kindly sentiments which he expressed towards the royal family, and his enforcing obedience to the laws. In consequence of this, he resigned his office in 1791, and sought that philosophical | retirement for which he was so much more suited. In the sanguinary period which followed, he was apprehended, and after a summary process, condemned to be guillotined. B. at Paris, 1736; suffered, 1793.-When on the reaffold, the demeanour of this philosopher is said to have been perfectly tranquil. "You tremble, Bailly," said one of his enemies to him. "My friend, it is with cold," was the calm reply. Although there is much cloquent writing in Bailly's astronomical works, yet they are not Elways to be received as essentially correct, as Le appears sometimes to deal in surmises and speculations, rather than in ascertained and calenlated facts.

BAILLY, Edmond Louis Barthélemy, a professor at the college of Juilly, who afterwards became a member of the National Convention, took an active share in its proceedings on the moderate side, and mainly contributed to the revolution of the 18th Brumaire, which gave the chief power to Napoleon, by whota Bailly was appointed prefect of the Lot. He was subsequently deprived of his office, and lived in retiresent till his death in 1519. B. 1760.

BAILLY, David, a Dutch painter, studied in Holland and Italy, and attained cons.derable eminence in portraits. In 1613 he settled at

BAINBRIDGE, John, bain'-bridj, a physician and astronomer, who, after taking his degrees at Cambridge, and keeping a school at Ashby-dela-Zouch, settled in London, where he gained so great a reputation for his mathematical knowledge, that Sir Henry Saville appointed him his first astronomical professor at Oxford. B. at Ashby-de-la-Zouch, 1552; D. at Oxford, 1613.-He published several astronomical works, and also left some mathematical MSS.

BAIRD, Sir David, baird, an intrepid general, who, in 1799, led the storming party which took Seringapatam. For his bravery on this occasion he received the thanks of the Parlia ment and of the East India Company. This was the great exploit of his life, although he shared in the glory of Coruuna under ir John Moore. On the death of that distinguished officer he became commander-in-chief, but could not take full advantage of the position, from his arm being so dreadfully shattered that it had to be amputated at the shoulder. For his gallant con duct, however, he again received the thanks of Parliament, and was created a baronet. His mi litary career was both long and netive, having served in various parts of the globe. n. at Newbyth, in Scotland, 1757; D. 1529.

Bars, Michael, barus, a divine, who became professor of divinity in the university of Louvain, which appointed him its deputy at the Council of Trent. His partiality for Augustine, however,

brought upon him the charge of siding too throwster in Spitalfields, and whom he su much with Calvin; and several of his opinions eceded in the bisiness. Being fond of theatrical were condemned by his college and the pope. I entertainments, however, he squandered Lis B. at Melun, 1513; p. 1589. property and joined some stroking eɔmpanies, Little is known of his history, but he is supposed to have died about 1770. He was the author of "A Compassion to the Playhouse, 1764; sine cons d'ra'ly imp.oved and che larged under the title of “Biographia Drainstica."

Bajazet 1, laʻ-ja-zet, sultan of the Turks, succeeded his father, Amurath I, in 1389, and Soon after put his younger brother to death, He pushed his conquests far into Asia and Europe, and in 1396 gained a great victory over ¦ the Christian army under Sigismund, king of¦ Hungary. In 1402, however, he experienced a terrible defeat from the fimous Timur, or Tamerlane, on the plains of Anzora. Bajazet was taken prisoner. Different accounts are given of his treatment by the Persian and Turkish historians, The former assert that he was entertained in a liberal manner; while the latter maintain that Timur shut him in an iron cage, and exposed him to the derision of the populace. D. 1403.

BAKER, Thomas, an antiquary and divine of the beginning of the 18th century, who, for refusing to take the oaths to the new government after the revolution of 16ss, was deprived of the rectory of Long Newton, in the diocese of Durham. He then retired to Cambridge, who e he had a scholarship, of which, however, he was subsequently deprived; and devoted hims. If to study. He does not appear to have publish d any work of emse puches, except one entit} d BAJAZEY IL, Sultan of the Turks, succeeded "Reflections on Learning," wh. h was oft n his father, Mahomet II., in 181. He was reprinted; but he kept up an extensive coropposed by his brother Zizim, whom he de- respondence with the most en inents hol rsan! feited. Zizim escaped to Rhodes, whence the authors of his time, tuany of whom he rided by grand master (see AUBUSSON) sent him to Italy, his leaning and researcles in the proccation where Bajazet caused him to be assassinated. | of their labours. Acknowled mints of taesc o')• He obtained several advantages over the Venerations are to be fun i in the works of Dr. tans and other Christian powers. His son Walker, Bunet, Dr. John South (editor o Selim rebelled against him; but Bajazet, in- Bede), Dr. Knight (Life of Erastars), Dr. stead of punishing him, abdicated in his favour, Richardson (Lives of the English Eshops), an act which, it is said. Selim repaid by causing Ames (History of English Translations of the him to be poisoned in 1512. Bible), and others. Baker als left lane col BAKER, Sir Richard, bai-ker, an historical lections of valuable MSS, transcriptions, &c, writer, who, in 1603, was knighted by James I., which have been of great service to studbits of and a 1659, was high-sheriff of Oxfordsire, | ecclesiasti al antiquities and coznate subjects As natunate marriage redu ed him to ever since. The Harleian manuscripts in the poverty, and he was thrown into the Ibet | British Museum contain many volumes of his where he wrote several books, the chicfeollections, which he gave to the Earl of Oxford, of which is a "Chronicle of the Kings of Eug from whose heirs the MSS, were purchased by land, which went through several editions, the government. Baker was born in the parish and was long popular with the people. B. at of Lanchester, Durham, 1656; D. July 2, 1740, Sissinghurst, Kent, 1569; D. 1615.-Baker's is aged 83. the chronicle from which Addison, in his "Spee tator," makes Sir Roger de Coverley say he drew "many observations." It brings the history of England down to the death of James I.; but it is, notwithstanding the praise of the simple knight of Addison, a dry and jeune performance.

BAKER, Thomas, a mathematician and divine, who published the "Geometrical Key; or, the Gate of Egnations unlocked," 1551. The Royal Society sent him some questions, which he solved so satisfactorily that they presented him with a medal. B. at Ilton, in Somersetshire, 1625; D. 1690.

BAKER, Henry, an eminent naturalist, who was brought up a bookseller, but which pursuit be relinquished, and undertook the tuition of deaf and dumb persons, by which he acquired a handsome fortune. He married a daughter of Daniel Defoe, by whom he had two sons. He was chosen fellow of the Antiquarian and Royal Societies, and in 1740 obtained from the latter the gold medal for his microscopical experiments on saline particles. B. in London, 1698; D. 1774 lle published the "Microscope made Easy," svo, 1742; and "Employment for the Microscope," Svo, 1761. He also wrote original poems, serious and humorous, published in To, 1725. He left 1007, to the Royal Society | for an anatomical or chemical lecture, which is called the Bakerian lecture.

BAKER, David Erskine, eldest son of the above, was adopted by an uncle who was a silk

BAKER, John, a distinguished British admiral of the end of the 17th and carly part of the 18th century, served under Admiral Hopson in the attack on Vigo,and subsequently acted under Sir Cloudesley Shovel and Sir George Rooke. With the latter officer he was pres nt at the capture of Gibraltar, and in the battle of Malaga with the French fleet, where he was wounded. D. at Port Mahon, 1716.

BAKER, Sir Samuel White, an African traveller of the present century, who discovered the lake Albert Nyanza, in 1964, one of the great equatorial reservoirs that supply the river Nile. In the journey that resulted in this discovery he was accompanied by his wife He has written various interesting accounts of his travels. He was knighted in 1×66. B. June 8, 1821.

BAKEWELL, Robert, bake'-well, a celcbrated agriculturist, who turned his atten ba to the improvement of the breed of cattle, for which purpose he travelled over England, and into Ireland and Holland. His endeavours were so successful that the Dishley sheep were so much distinguished above all others, that he let one of his rams for 40 guineas, and another for 800 guincas, for a single season. The race of Dishley sheep were known by the fineness of their bone and flesh, the lightness of the offal, disposition to quietness, and consequently to ma ture and fatten with less food than other sheep of equal weight. He also greatly improved the breed of black cattle, the descendants of his stock being still distinguished as the new Leiccs

Baki tershire breed of "long-horned." B. at Dishley, 1726; D. 1795.

Balderic

and educated at Turin. He filled the post of professor of botany and keeper of the Botanical Gardens at Turin, but was obliged to quit it in 1514, and retired to Pavia. He subsequently occupied a similar position in Lyons, which, in

country, and died there in 1831. His writ ings are very voluminous, and are highly esteemed.

BALBINUS, Decimus Cælius, bal-bi'-nus, a Roman senator, who was elected emperor in conjunction with Maximus in 237, after the death of M. Antonius Gordianus and his son in

BAKI (properly Abd-ol-Baki), bak'-e, the most eminent of Ottoman lyric poets, flourished in the reign of Soliman the Magnificent, which is usually reckoned the Augustan age of Moham-1830, he resigned, and returned to his native medan literature. At an early age Baki was not only patronized by the Sultan Soliman, but on presenting to that monarch his first work, was hailed by him in an ode of his own composition as the first of his country's poets. Baki has been pronounced the prince of Turkish lyrical versiniers, and by the critics of his country is ranked with Hafiz in the Persian and Molen- Africa. Assassinated 233. abbi in the Arabic languages. His elegy on BALBOA, Vasco Nuñez de, vas-ko noon''s the death of Soliman is esteemed the most per- bal-bo-a, a Castilian, was one of the first who fect gem of Turkish poesy. He adopted his visited the West Indies, where he gained in native language for his compositions in prefer- mense riches. He settled on the coast of Darien, ence to the Persian and Arabic, which were the and built a town. In 1513 he crossed the usual vehicles of poetry in Turkey; and his con- isthmus, and returned next year with a protinued popularity has acquired for him the up-digious quantity of wealth. He sent an account nellation of the Durrabla." He died April 7, in the year 1600, of mortification at being a second time disappointed of being made grand

mufti.

BALASSI, Mario, ba-las'-se, an Italian historical and portrait painter, whose best works are his picture of "St. Francis," and "The Miracle of St. Nicholas of Tolentino." B. at Florence,

1601: D. 1667.

BALBE, barl-bai, a distinguished Italian family of Quiers, in the little state of Piedmont, many members of which played prominent parts in the affairs of the Italian Republics in the 12th, 13th, and 14th centuries. The army which defeated the Emperor Barbarossa at Lignano, in 1176, was commanded by members of this family. The family became reduced in the middle of the 15th century, and its head removed to Avignon, and founded a house distinguished in French annals. His name was Gilles de Barton; and from him the celebrated Crillon was descended.

of his discovery to Spain, and the king appointed Pedrar s d'Avila governor of Darien, who on his arrival was astonished to see Balboa in a cotton jacket, with sandals made of hemp on his feet, and dwelling in a thatched hut. The governor, notwithstanding that he had given Balboahis daughter in marriage, was jealous of his abilities, and caused him to be beheaded in 1517.

BALLO, Count Cesare, bawl-bo, an Italian politician, author, journalist, and advocate of Romanism, was born in Piedmont, in 1789; was in early life employed by Napoléon I.; aud after Waterloo was secretary of the Sardinian Legation in London. For the last thirty years of his life he devoted himself to authorship, and published various works, including a "History of Italy," "The Hopes of Italy," &c. A spirit of rigid and exclusive Romanism pervades all his writings. n. 1853.

BALCANQUAL, Waiter, bal'-kan-quăl, a learned Scotch divine, who attended James I. to Eng land, and became chaplain to the king, master BALBI, Gaspar, bal-te, who, as a dealer in of the Savoy, and representative of the Church precious stones, left Aleppo, in 1579, on a journey of Scotland at the Synod of Dordt. In 1621 he to the Indies, and did not return till 1583. On was made dean of Rochester; and in 1639 dean his return he published an account of his jour of Durham. He suffered severely in the rebelney. He visited Ormuz, Goa, Cochin, and Fegu, lion. D. at Chirk Castle, in Denbighshire, in 1615, and describes what he saw with considerable-He wrote the "Declaration of King Charles I. spirit, and, it is believed, with accuracy. Lived in the 16th century.

concerning the late Tumalts in Scotland," folio, 1630; Epistles concerning the Synod of Dordt," in John Hales's "Golden Remains," and some sermons.

BALBI, Adrien, a Venetian, who at an early period of his life was appointed professor of geography and natural philosophy in his native BALCHEN, John, bal'-chen, an English admiral, town, but, in 1820, went to Portugal. Here, in who, entering early into the navy, rose to the 1822, he published his "Statistical Essay on the command of a ship, and distinguished himself Kingdom of Portugal." This publication having by his bravery in the Mediterranean, under Sr procured him considerable fime, he settled in George Lyng. In 1731 he was made an admiral; Paris, where in 1926, he published his celebrated and in 1713 was appointed governor of Green "Ethnographical Atlas," which was the first wich Hospital. lle soon after went with a work to make the French acquainted with the squadron to relieve Sir Charles Hardy, who, researches of Adelung and other German philo- with a large flect of transports, was blockaded logists. This work raised him high in the in the Tagus. Having accomplished this ser estimation of the learned and the publie gene-vice, he sailed for England; but encountering rally, and under the administration of Martignac a violent storm, his ship, the Victory, was list he was placed in easy circumstances by the on the Caskets, near Jersey, and every one on French government. He subsequently gave to board perished, October 3, 174k. A monument the world an "Abridgment of Geography,' on in Westminster Abbey commemorates this me a new plan, which has been translated into most lancholy event. B. 1669. of the European languages. In 1832 he quitted Paris for Padua, where he resided until his death. B. at Venice, 1752; D. 1818.

BALBIS, Giovanni Battista, barel-be, a distinguished botanist, was born in Piedmont, in 1765,

BALDERIC, OF BAUDRY, bal'-de-rik, a French historian, who became bishop of Dol, in Brit tany, and was at the council of Clermont. Ho wrote a history of the crusade to the year 1999, D. 1130.-There was another bishop, à contem