the prebendary of Lincoln, archdeacon of Stafford, capture, Narvaez came up with him near Areos, canon of Lichfield, and rector of Allhallows, and completely routed him. This was London. In conjunction with Mr. Beloe, Dr. turning point of his fortunes, and he became Nares established the "British Critic," a lite- one of the most popular men in Spain. He now rary review devoted to the support of high abandoned the constitutional party, became a church principles. He also, besides his contri- royalist, and aspired to a rivalry with Espar butions to this periodical, wrote the following tero. In 1844 he was nominated president of works: "A Chronological View of the Prophe- the council, and was created duke of Valencia, cies relating to the Christian Church;" "Ele-but his ministry was overthrown in 1846. In the ments of Orthoepy," "A Glossary of Words, following year, he was sent as ambassador to Phrases, &c., in the Works of English Authors Paris, but was recalled after an absence of six in the time of Elizabeth," &c. D. 1829. months to take the place once more of president NARES, Edward, nephew of Dr. James Nares, of the council, which post he retained, with the and son of Sir George Nares, a judge of the exception of one brief interval, till 1851. It was Court of Common Pleas, was educated at West- not until September, 1861, that Narvaez again minster School and Christ-church, Oxford, came into power, but his tenure of office was where, in 1788, he was elected a fellow of but brief, O'Donnell succeeding him in 1963 Merton College. He took orders in 1792, and to give place once more to his rival in li was appointed by his college to the cure of St. From this time Narvaez retained office uni Peter's in the East, London. In 1797, he married his death on May 28, 1869, just six months a daughter of George, fourth duke of Marl-after the decease of O'Donnell. B. in Anda borough, when he resigned his fellowship; and lusia, 1800. in 1798 was presented to the rectory of Biddenden in Kent, became Bampton lecturer in 1805, and in 1814 professor of modern history at Oxford. He was the author of a variety of works on religious subjects, such as "An Attempt to show how far the Philosophical Notion of a Plurality of Worlds is consistent with the Language of Scripture;" "A View of the Evidences of Christianity," being his Bampton lectures; several series of Sermons, &c.; and in other walks of literature, a novel entitled, "Thinks I to Myself;" "Memoirs of the Life and Administration of Lord Burghley;" "Elements of General History," &c. B. 1762; D. 1841. NARSES, nar-sees, king of Persia, succeeded his father Varennes in 296. He conquered Mesopotamia and Armenia. Maximianus Galerius being sent against him by Diocletian, was repulsed; but afterwards defeated the Persians, whom he laid under tribute. D. 303. NARSES, a Persian eunuch, who became one of the greatest generals of his time, commanded the Roman army against the Goths, whom he defeated in battle in 552, their king, Totila, being slain. As exarch of Italy, he governed with wisdom and discretion, and established order throughout the country. D. at Rome, at a very advanced age, 569. NARVAEZ, Pamphila de, nar-ra-aith, a native of Valladolid, in Spain, who went to America soon after its discovery, and was appointed commander of the expedition against Cortes by Diego de Velasquez, governor of Cuba. He sailed, in 1528, with 400 men, intending to establish a colony in Florida; discovered the bay of Pensacola; and, having marched into the country, was never heard of more. NARVAEZ, Don Ramon, duke of Valencia, a modern Spanish marshal and statesman, who, after the return of Ferdinand VII., entered the army as cadet of the Walloon Guards. In 1822, when the royal party attempted to destroy the constitutional regime, he ranged himself upon the liberal side, and, by his gallantry, contributed to suppress the émeute. Shortly afterwards, while serving against the guerillas of Catalonia, he was severely wounded, upon which he retired to his native city, and lived in retirement during ten years. In 1835 he attained the grade of brigadier, under Espartero, Charged to pursue the notorious Carlist general Gomez, who had hitherto bailled all attempts at NASH, Thomas, nish, an early English dra matist and satirist, was educated at St. John's College, Cambridge, and afterwards resided in London. He was the author of three dramas, still extant, his principal performance being Lå "Pierce Penniless," which was published in 1589. He was more famous, however, for his scurrilous pamphlets against Gabriel Harvey and a puritan divine named Penry, who wrOL! under the cognomen of "Martin Marprelate." B. about 1564; D. 1601. NASH, Richard, commonly known as "Ben Nash," received his education at Carmarthin whence he was sent to Jesus College, Oxfor where he remained but a short time. He a terwards obtained an ensign's commission, bas soon left the army, and entered at the Mic Temple, but never followed the law as a pr fession. A love of pleasure and garning dres him, in 1704, to Bath, which place of amuse ment became, through his tact and good m nagement, a centre of fashionable resort. Be was chosen master of the ceremonies, and was so much esteemed as to be called King v Bath; but commonly he was termed, from th peculiarity and foppery of his dress, Bean Nash Though much given to gambling, he was very liberal, and numerous instances are recorded of his benevolence; and to his efforts, combine with those of two other gentlemen, the fa dation of Bath Hospital is due. B. at Swansa Glamorganshire, 1674; D. at Bath, 1761. NASH, John, an eminent English architec", who studied under Sir Robert Taylor, and at al 1792 established himself in London. He so acquired a high position, and was employeu t design mansions for the nobility, both in Erg land and Ireland. In 1812 he designed plans t the new Marylebone, afterwards Regent's Park and for Regent-street. In 1820 he improved : Opera-house, and designed the Haymark Theatre. As surveyor to the Crown estates. was engaged during several years in improving the street architecture of the metropolis, da at the west end of the town. The terraces the Regent's Park, Buckingham Palace (60 altered), Carlton House Terrace, and the provements in the garden of St. James's Par were the principal of his subsequent wes London. That whimsical piece of archit.orz known as the Pavilion, at Brighton, what an from his designs. B. in London, 1751, #. LA East Cowes Castle, 1835. Nasmyth NASMYTH, Alexander, nai-smithe, a Scotch landscape-painter, who repaired to London at an early age, and became pupil of Allan Ramsay, He subsequently studied at Rome; after which he went to Edinburgh, and established himself there as a portrait-painter. Ultimately, he abandoned portrait for landscape-painting, and produced some of the best works in that class of which the British school can boast. He had, likewise, a considerable share in suggesting the architectural improvements that were made in Edinburgh. His portrait of Robert Burns is stated to be the only authentic likeness of the poet. B. at Edinburgh, 1758; D. 1810. NASMYTH, Peter, a Scotch landscape-painter, son of the preceding, who repaired to London in his 20th year, and soon became popular enough to gain the title of the English Hobbina. All his pictures were painted with the left hand, he having early in life lost the use of his right through an accident. B. 1786; D. 1831. NASMYTH, James, a practical engineer, and inventor of the steam hammer, steam piledriver, and other great mechanical contrivances, was brother of the preceding, and from his earliest youth displayed a love for any kind of mechanical employment. After studying at the High School and university of Edinburgh, where he rendered great assistance to the professors by his skill as a mechanical draughtsman and practical mechanic, he, in 1829, set out for London, where he succeeded in obtaining employment in the engineering firm of Maudsley and Co. He remained there until 1832, at which time he returned to Edinburgh, and during two years worked incessantly in the construction of tools and machinery, with the intention of establishing himself in business. In 1831 he took a floor in an old cotton-mill at Manchester, and soon obtained so many orders for machinery, that his shop became too small for his operations. He then removed to Patricroft, near Manchester, and in a few years, so rapidly had his business increased, was in a position to build the well-known Bridgewater foundry, from which establishment emanated those fine mechanical inventions which have made the name of Nasmyth familiar wherever modern mechanism is required. In 1856 he retired from business, having resolved to devote his remaining years to artistic and scientific pursuits. B. at Edinburgh, 1809. NASSAU, Adolphus of. (See ADOLPHUS, Count of Nassau.) NASSAU, Nassau.) of.) Maurice of (See MAURICE of NASSAU, William of. (See ORANGE, William NASSAU, William of. (See William III. of England.) NATHAN, Isaac, or Mordecai, na-than, a rabbi, was the first who compiled a Hebrew Concordance, which he began in 1439 and finished in 1418. It was printed at Venice in 1523, and afterwards at Bâle in 1632. NAUDE or NAUDEUS, Gabriel, no-dai, a learned French writer, who after studying at Paris, went to Padua, where he took his degrees in physic. He next became librarian to Cardinal de Bazmi at Rome, and, on his death, was patronized by Cardinal Barberini. On being recalled to France in 1612, he was made librarian to Cardinal Mazarin, who conferred on him several benefices. Christina, queen of Sweden, invited him to her court, but Nayler he soon returned. Naudé's principal works are, NAVARETE, Domingo Fernandez, nar'-ar-ait, a learned Spanish triar, who went as missionary to the Philippine Islands in 1617. He afterwards set out for China, where he laboured during many years, but was at last imprisoned by the Chinese authorities. He contrived, however, to effect his escape to Macao, after which he returned to Europe. He was employed to preach against the Jesuits before the pope. His "History of the Moral and Political Condition of China" was published at Madrid, at the end of the 17th century; but the latter volumes of the work were suppressed by the Inquisition. The first volume has since become a scarce book. B. about 1610; D. 1689. NAVARETE, Juan Hernandez (called El Mudo, from being deaf and dumb from his infancy), a celebrated Spanish painter, who was surnamed the Titian of Spain. In 156s he was appointed painter to the king; but having introduced a cat and a dog into some of his religious pictures, Philip caused him to enter into a contract never to employ such accessories again. B. at Logrono, Castile, 1521; D. at Madrid, 1577. NAVARRE, Peter of, na-var, a famous Spanish soldier-seaman in the 16th century, was a Biscayan of low extraction. He commenced his career as a sailor, after which he became a menial servant in the family of the cardinal of Aragon. He next took service among the Florentine troops; but subsequently returned on board ship, where he displayed great skill and courage. The reputation he acquired recommended him to Gonsalvo de Cordova, who was engaged in the war of Naples. To the taking of that city Navarre principally contributed, by the construction of a mine. The emperor recompensed him for this service by creating him count of Alvito, in that kingdom, and henceforth he styled himself Count Pedro de Navarre. Being appointed to the command of a naval expedition against the Moors, he took Oran, Tripoli, and other places. On his return to Italy, he served in the army, and was taken prisoner by the French at the battle of Ravenia, in 1512. After remaining in France two years, in hopes of being ransomed, he entered into the French service, and signalized himself on several occasions; but being sent to the succour of Genoa, in 1522, he was taken prisoner by the Imperialists, and conducted to Naples, where he was confined in the castle of L'Euf. After the treaty of Madrid, he regained his liberty, and, in 1529, served under Lautrec at the siege of Naples; but, in the unfortunate retreat of that general at Aversa, he was again captured, and sent a second time to L'Euf. The Prince of Orange, by command of the emperor, having ordered a number of prisoners to be beheaded, barbarously included Navarre with the rest; but the governor, as is asserted by some, possessing more humanity, passed him over, and he died there soon after; others pretend that he was strangled in that citadel. NAYLER, James, nai'-ler, an enthusiast, who, in 1611, became a soldier in the Parliamentary army, which he quitted in 1619, and in 1651 became a disciple of George Fox, the Quaker. In 1656 Neal he began to pretend to be inspired, and committed great extravagances at Exeter, which bringing him into trouble with the Parliament, he was ordered to be whipped, to be branded in the forehead, and to have his tongue bored through with a red-hot iron. This sentence was carried out at London and Bristol, after which Nayler was committed to Bridewell in the former city, where he remained till 1660, and did not long survive his liberation. B. 1616. NEAL, Daniel, neele, an English Nonconformist divine. After receiving his education at Merchant Taylors school, he went to Utrecht and Leyden. In 1706 he was chosen pastor of an Independent congregation in Aldersgate Street, and afterwards in Jewin Street. He wrote, "A History of New England," "A History of the Puritans," and some sermons. His "History of the Puritans" is a faithful and esteemed work, and has been laid under contribution by almost every historian of the civil war and commonwealth. B. 1678; p. 1743. NEANDER, Christopher Frederick, nai-an'dair, a German sacred poet, who, after completing his studies at the university of Halle, acted for a short time as tutor in a family, but was in 1750 appointed pastor of a small country congregation, whence he removed to a more lucrative charge at Gränzhof. In 1784 he was appointed clerical superintendent of the duchies of Courland and Semgallen; but continued to reside at Gränzhof, where he supported a widowed sister and her family. His songs are esteemed as among the best specimens of devotional poetry in the German language. B. at Ekau, Courland, 1724; D. 1802. Neele obtained employment in a banking-house, in which he rose to a partnership, and, in thirtecu years, having made a number of successful speculations, retired from business with a large fortune. He commenced his political career by becoming a member of the Council of Two Hundred at Geneva. He was afterwards ap pointed minister of the republic of Geneva at Paris, where, by degrees, he rose to the highest employments. In 1765 he was appointed syndic of the French East India Company; in 1775 director of the royal treasury; and was twice director-general of the finances of France. Put the Revolution, which all his efforts were unale to check, obliged him to retire to Switzerland Necker wrote three volumes on the finances of France, a book on the influence of religions opinions, and other works. He married the daughter of a Protestant clergyman, a lady of considerable literary ability and great bene volence of heart, who had in early life captivated the historian Gibbon, by whom he hai a daughter, Madame de Staël Holstein, the wife d the Swedish ambassador; and who afterwards became celebrated by the name of Madame de Staël. B. at Geneva, 1732; D. 1804. NEEDHAM, Marchmont, need'-ham, an English writer, who, during the civil war, distinguished himself by his political pamphlets, first agenst the Parliament, and afterwards against the King; so that, at the Restoration, he obtrind his pardon with difficulty. B. 1620; D. 1678. NEEDHAM, John Tuberville learned English naturalist, who was educare: Douay, where he entered into orders as a Roman Cath be divine. His superiors appointed him profess NEANDER, John Augustus William, an emi- of philosophy in the English college at Lisbon, nent German historian, who was born of Jewish He afterwards became travelling tutor to a parents, but, while pursuing his studies at the nobleman; and, on his return, settled in Johanneum College at Hamburg, became a con- London, where he was chosen fellow of 02 vert to the Christian faith, and assumed the Royal Society. He wrote observations inserted name of Neander, signifying, in Greek, "a new in Buffon's "Natural History;" also, "Nea man." He subsequently studied at the univer- Enquiries upon Microscopical Discoveries," the sities of Halle, Göttingen, and Heidelberg. His "Generation of Organic Bodies," and "Über great attainments led to his being appointed vations on Spallanzani's Microscopical 1 professor of theology at the last-named estab-coveries." B.in London, 1713; p. at Brussels, 17-1 Jishment, and in 1812 he was chosen to fill the NEEF, or NEEFS, Peter the Elder, neef, was a chair of theology in the university of Berlin, painter of Antwerp, celebrated for his profound where he remained until his death. In the mastery of perspective, which was so great that same year he published "The Emperor Julian he could exhibit in the small space of a exbice and his Times," which established his reputa-picture the most vast and magnificent GC?.. tion as a theological historian. His greatest edifice, so as to induce a belief in the reality i work, entitled "Universal History of the Chris-immensity of the space the building represented. tian Religion and Church," was given to the world between the years 1825-1815, and was comprised in five volumes. In 1835 he produced a refutation of Strauss' "Life of Jesus," in a work entitled "The Life of Jesus in its Historical Relations." Both the works above mentioned, as well as some smaller ones, have been translated into English. B. at Göttingen, 1789; D. 1850. NEARCHUS, ne-ar'-kus, one of the captains of Alexander the Great, who ordered him to lead the fleet he had built upon the Hydaspes to the Persian Gulf. Nearchus wrote an account of this voyage, the original of which is lost; but Arrian, Strabo, and Pliny have preserved a great portion of it: Arrian's extract is, however, the fullest and most correct. Subsequently to the death of Alexander, Nearchus became governor of Lycia and Pamphylia. Flourished in the fourth century B.C. NECKER, Jacques, nek'-er, a celebrated French financier, who went to Paris at an early age, All the accessories he touched in with mar vellous skill, and to relieve the monotony of uniform lines and tints, he introduced a varity of objects to diversify the scene; and by a judicious management of chiaroscuro, gave a lively effect to what, in most hands, would hava had a tame and unmeaning air. He was, ́sever, unsuccessful with figures, which were sometimes executed for him by the elder Tenis and other distinguished artists, a circunistave❤ which adds to the value of his pictures, at Antwerp, 1570; p. 1651.-His son, Peter Nef the Younger, painted similar subjects to Lis father, but in a much inferier style. NEELE, Henry, neel, a poet and miscella neous writer, the son of an engraver in the Strand, London, was brought up to the r fession of an attorney, which he followed with credit and reputation during his brief care", He was a man of an amiable and mild disposs tion, and of strong literary tastes, the results of which were a volume of "Poems," "Roman.# of History," "Dramatic Scenes," and "Literary as second of the Lowestoffe frigate, in which he Remains." His intense application to intel-cruised against the Americans. In 1779 he oblectual labour induced fit of insanity, and he committed suicide Feb. 7, 1828. B. 1798. NELEDINSKY-MELETZKY, Yurii, nel-e-dins-'ke me-letz-ke, a celebrated Russian ballad-writer, who at first served in the army, and fought against the Turks during the campaigns which took place between the years 1770 and 1774. He was afterwards attached to the mission dispatched to Constantinople, and was selected by the emperor Paul, in 1797, to accompany him in his journey to White Russia. In 1809 the Czar bestowed upon him the order of St. Alexander Nevski, having previously rewarded his services by the grant of an estate, with several hundred serfs, together with the order of St. Anne. As a song-writer, he was graceful and charming to an extent far beyond anything that had hitherto been attained by the authors of his country. In his writings, the utmost simplicity was combined with tenderness and warmth of feeling. B. 1751; D. 1829. tained the rank of post-captain, and was ap pointed to the command of the Hinchinbroke, with which he sailed to the West Indies, and while there essentially contributed to the taking of Fort San Juan, in the Gulf of Mexico. His health having given way, he returned home, and after going through a course of Bath waters, was again employed in the Albemarle, and was subsequently appointed to the Boreas, having under his orders the duke of Clarence, afterwards William IV., who was captain of the Pegasus. While thus engaged, he married the daughter of William Woodward, Esq., judge of the island of Nevis, and the widow of Dr. Nesbit, a physician of that island, by whom he never had any issue. On the breaking out of the war with France, he was nominated to the Agamemnon, of 61 guns, on board of which he sailed to the Mediterranean, and was present with Lord Hood before Toulon. He also engaged and captured the Ca-Ira at the siege of NELSON, Robert, neľ-son, a pious and learned Bastia, where he served in the batteries with a writer, received his education at St. Paul's body of seamen, as he afterwards did at Calvi; School, and at Trinity College, Cambridge. He and while employed before that place he lost an was strongly attached to James II., and con-eye. He was so active on that station, that his tinued to communicate with the nonjurors till name became dreaded throughout the Mediterthe death of Bishop Lloyd, when he returned ranean. Under Admiral Hotham he was in the to the established church. He lived on terms action with the French fleet, March 15, 1795. of intimacy with Archbishop Tillotson, and was In 1796 he was appointed commodore on board the zealous promoter of all works of charity, the Minerea, in which frigate he captured La He was the author of many popular books; Sabine, a 10-gun ship; but was compelled to abanamong which are, "The Practice of True Dedon the prize upon the approach of the Spanish votion," "A Companion to the Festivals and fleet. He immediately steered with the intelliFasts of the Church of England," "The Whole gence to Sir John Jervis, off Cape St. Vincent. Duty of a Christian," "The Great Duty of He had scarcely communicated the news, and Frequenting the Christian Sacrifice," &c. B. shifted his flag on board the Captain, of 74 guns, 1656; D. 1714. when the enemy hove in sight. A close action ensued, which terminated in a complete victory on the side of the British, who were inferior in numbers. On this occasion, Commodore Nelson attacked the Santissima Trinidada, of 136 guns, and afterwards boarded and took the San Nico las, of 80 guns; whence he proceeded in the same manner to the San Josef, of 112 guns, both of which surrendered to him. For his share in this glorious victory, the commodore was honoured with the order of the Bath, and having soon afterwards hoisted his flag as rear-admiral of the Blue, he was appointed to command the in-shore squadron at the blockade of Cadiz. He there made a bold but unsuccessful attempt to bombard the city, heading his men himself. The next exploit in which he was engaged was an attempt to take possession of Teneriffe, which design also failed, with the loss of Captain Bowen, of the Terpsichore. In this expedition, Admiral Nelson lost his right arm by a cannonshot, and was carried off to the boat by his stepson, Captain Nesbit, on his back. He now returned to England for the recovery of his health, and received the grant of a pension of £1000 a year. The memorial which lie was required to present upon this occasion stated that he had been four times in action with the enemy's fleets (in three with boats, upon cutting. out expeditions); had assisted at the taking of three towns; had served at Bastia and Calvi; had assisted in capturing seven sail of the line, six frigates, four corvettes, and eleven privateers; had taken fifty merchant-vessels; had been in action a hundred and twenty times; had lost his right eye and arm, besides receiving other severe wounds. The brave admiral, how NELSON, Samuel, one of the most ardent of the "Irish patriots" in 1799; and who edited the "Northern Star," which exercised great influence. On the rebellion being put down in 1796, he was sent to prison, where he remained till set at liberty by French interference, at the treaty of Amiens in 1802. He then retired to America, where it is believed he died of the plague. B. 1759. NELSON, Horatio, Viscount, the greatest of British admirals, was the fourth son of the Rev. Mr. Nelson, rector of Burnham Thorpe, in Norfolk. He received his education at the school of North Walsham; but at the age of 12 years was taken to sea by his maternal uncle, Captain Suckling, of the Raisonnable man-of-war. Soon afterwards, the ship was put out of commission, and young Nelson went on board a West Indiaman. Southey, speaking of this step taken by Nelson, says, "He returned a good practical seaman, but with a hatred of the king's service, and a saying then common among sailors, 'aft the most honour, forward the better man.'" To remove this objection, he was again placed with his uncle, who had obtained the command of the Triumph. In 1773, a voyage was undertaken for the discovery of a north-west passage, under the command of Commodore Phipps and Captain Lutwidge. The young seaman entered on board the ship commanded by the latter, and distinguished himself in that perilous voyage by his skill, courage, and promptitude. Soon after his return, he was appointed to the Seahorse, in which he sailed to the East Indies. He passed his examination for lieutenant in 1777, and received his commission that of Spain, which had for that purpose emerged from Cadiz; on learning which, Nelson pursued them to the West Indies with a greatly inferior force. The combined fleets, however, struck with terror, returned without effecting anything, and, after a partial action with Sir Robert Calder, off Ferrol, re-entered Cadiz. Admiral Nelson returned to England; but soon set sail to join his fleet off Cadiz. The French under Admiral Villeneuve, and the Spaniards under Gravina, ventured out with a number of troops on board, October 19, 1805, and on the 21st, about noon, an action began off Cape Trafalgar. The combined French and Spanish fleets consisted of 33 sail of the line and 7 frigates; the English squadron mustered 27 sail of the line and 4 frigates. It was while bearing down upon the enemy that Nelson hoisted his celebrated signal," England expects every man to do his duty." Lord Nelson ordered his ship, the Victory, to be carried alongside his old antagonist, the Santissima Trinidada, where he was exposed to a severe fire of musketry; and not having taken the precaution to cover his coat, which was decorated with his star and other badges of distinction, he became an object of aim to the riflemen placed purposely in the tops of the Bucentuur, which lay on his quarter. During the heat of the action, a bullet from one of these wounded him just below the shoulder, of which he died in about three hours. After the fall of Lord Nelson, the command devolved on Admiral Collingwood, by whose bravery and skill the victory was completed. Eighteen French and Spanish ships were taken; eleven escaped into Cadiz, six of which were reduced to mere wrecks; four French line-of-battle ships which hauled off in the action, were afterwards taken by Sir Richard Strachan. "The death of Nelson," says Southey, "was felt in England as a public calamity; yet he cannot be said to have fallen prematurely, whose work was done; nor ought he to be lamented, who died so full of honours and at the height of human fame." His brother, the Rev. William Nelson, was created an earl, with a grant of £6000 per annum. Lord Nelson's sisters were voted each £10,000, with £100,000 for the purchase of an estate. The remains of Lord Nelson were interred in St. Paul's Cathedral, January 9, 1806. B. in Norfolk, 1758. ever, did not long remain inactive; he rejoined Earl St. Vincent, who, on receiving intelligence of the sailing of Bonaparte from Toulon, detached Sir Horatio Nelson with a squadron in pursuit of him. After exploring the coast of Italy, this indefatigable commander steered for Alexandria, where, to his great mortification, not a French ship was to be seen. He then sailed to Sicily, and having taken in fresh supplies and obtained more correct information, returned to Alexandria, which he descried August 1, 1793, at noon. The enemy, consisting of one first-rate, three second-rates, nine seventyfours, and four frigates, were discovered in Aboukir Bay, lying at anchor in line of battle, supported by strong batteries on an island, and strengthened by gun-boats. Notwithstanding this formidable appearance, the British admiral made the signal for battle, and, by a masterly and bold manoeuvre, gave directions for part of his fleet to steer inside the enemy, who were thus exposed between two fires. The contest was hot and bloody several of the French ships were soon dismasted, and at last the admiral's ship, L'Orient, of 120 guns, took fire, and blew up. The firing, however, continued; but, by the dawn of day, only two sail of the line were discovered with their colours flying, all the rest having struck: these two cut their cables and stood out to sea. On the British admiral honours were deservedly poured; he was created Baron Nelson of the Nile, received the thanks of Parliament, together with the captains engaged, and was granted a pension of £3000 per annum. The king of Naples created him duke of Bronté, and gave him an estate. Soon after this he sailed for Sicily, and thence to Naples, where he quelled a rebellion, and restored the king, Having performed these and other important services, Lord Nelson returned to England, and was received with enthusiastic joy. A confederacy of the northern powers having alarmed the government, he was employed to dissolve it. A fleet was fitted out, the command of which was given to Admiral Sir Hyde Parker, Lord Nelson being appointed second in command. On their arrival off the Cattegat, and being refused a passage, Lord Nelson offered to conduct an attack on the Danish force, which was stationed to oppose an entrance. This being accepted, he shifted his flag to the Elephant, and passed the Sound with little loss. On the 2nd of April the action commenced, at 10 o'clock, and, after a sharp conflict, seventeen sail of the Danes were sunk, burnt, or taken. A negotiation was then entered into between Nelson and the crown prince, in consequence of which the admiral went ashore, and an armistice was settled. He next obtained from the Swedish government an order for taking off the embargo on English ships in the Baltic. Having accomplished these great objects, he returned to England, and was created a viscount. In 1801 he bombarded the enemy's flotilla which had been collected at Boulogne to assist in Napoleon's projected invasion of England. After experiencing some loss, Nelson withdrew, without producing any material effect upon the enemy. Peace having been suddenly concluded, Nelson retired to his seat at Merton, in Surrey; but, hostilities recommencing, he sailed for the Mediterranean, and in March, 1803, took the command of that station on board the Victory. Notwithstanding all his vigilance, the French fleet escaped from Toulon, and was joined by 762 NEMESIANUS, Marcus Aurelius Olympius, me'-si-ai-nus, a Latin poet, who is supposed to have perished in the proscriptions that disgraced the commencement of the reign of Diocletian. He wrote a poem on hunting and four eclogues: these were included in the collection edited by Stern in 1832. Flourished during the latter half of the 3rd century. Fat we PLD ofs the advice of his t SENICS, a British histo NEMESIUS, ne-me'-si-us, bishop of Emesa, in Syria, and a learned philosopher. He wrote a work entitled "The Nature of Man," from some passages in which it has been asserted that he was acquainted with the circulation of the blood. The work is certainly a very remarkable one, and is fully commented upon by Sprengel, in his "History of Medicine," and also by Freind and Haller. An English translation of it was made by George Wither, London, 1636. Flourished towards the end of the 4th century. whose death he received Arn nce, and male war against Eur Kas supported by Craterus; but an e D Emenes proved fatal to his ca ers was killed and Neoptolemas ed by Eumenes, B.C. 321. Jin, Cornelius, ne-pos, a Latin the reign of Augustus, whose patro Of all his works there remai Lives of Illustrious Greek Generals. tains short biographies of twenty Carthaginian generals; the best sk those of Alcibiades, Epaminondas ons Atticus. He appears to have the lives of the Roman generals, work has been lost. NEMOURS, Dukes of, ne-moor. Nemours is an old French title of nobility, derived from the town of that name. A branch of the Armagna family first bore the title. The last of that line Louis d'Armagnac, duke of Nemours, was killed 20, Fiavius Julius, emperor of the W Teatre of Dalmatia, and having marrie Leo 1, that monarch gave him i empire. Nepos marched to Rome throne, after which he fixed the se ent at Ravenna, but was obliged t ety by his general, Orestes. He the Dalmatia, where he was assassinated **Sicers of his court, in 480. Arre, Philip of, founder of the con P was santioned by Pope Gregory XIII. in of the order of the Oratory in Italy, soon afterwards found members in and other countries. Their engage mare terelere poorstrangers and 783 |