to serve in the reservation guard house. All day long on the train, old Yellow Hawk and his wife sat peering through the windows, that they might see all of the white man's world as they passed. And all night long they sat with their eyes glued to the panes, that they might miss none of the wonders. The second day and night they still kept their vigil, and on the third day they reached Chicago. Not once on the train, said Yellow Hawk, did he or his wife sleep a wink. Everything they saw and heard, everything they did, must be treasured in their memories, not merely because they would never again have such an opportunity, but because they must tell their children and their grandchildren. And from time to time he would nudge his wife, to impress on her that she too must remember this particular spot or incident.

Three days after the close of the Indian celebration, Yellow Hawk and his wife, with about fifteen other Sioux, were guests at a suburban grade school. The Indians had pitched their tepees in the school yard, and had been served with luncheon by the principal and the teachers. After luncheon there were Indian dances and songs. Finally Yellow Hawk rose. He could speak no English, but his words were translated by a younger Indian, handsome, intelligent, who had served in the United States Army, and had been on the Mexican border and in France:

Chief Yellow Hawk says that today, when he was at luncheon, he took a drink of water. As he did so, he remembered how terribly thirsty he was on the morning of the fight against Custer and his men. For two days before he and a little group of his friends had been preparing for the fight, and in accordance with their custom had taken neither food nor drink. On the morning of the fight he and his friends, about twenty of them, suddenly found themselves surrounded by soldiers, who immediately began firing. The noise aroused all the other Indians, who began to pour down from the neighboring hills and in turn surrounded the soldiers. All the soldiers were killed, except two or three who were spared that they might carry back to the white settlements the story of the fight. Through the fighting, Yellow Hawk was very thirsty. After the battle, as he was returning to his village, a little Indian girl ran out to meet him and offered him a drink of water.

Now today, nearly fifty years later, he had eaten the white man's food, while the white man's children watched him. On that

morning long ago, when he was returning home after killing white soldiers, he would never have dreamed that this day could come, that he would be eating in the white man's house, and that white children, unafraid, would sit around him.

RECENT ACCESSIONS

For the Library

From B. J. Brimmer Co., Boston. "Colonial Lighting", by Arthur H. Hayward.

From Mr. Clarence A. Burley. "Guide Map of Chicago," published by Rufus Blanchard, Chicago, 1878.

From Le Cercle Francais of Chicago, through Mrs. George L. Cragg. "Lafayette et Rochambeau au Pays de Washington. La Guerre de l'Independence Americaine, 1776-1783."

From Miss Florence Clarke. "Encyclopaedia; or Dictionary of Arts, Sciences and Miscellaneous Literature", Philadelphia, 1798, two vol

umes.

From Mr. James Crapo. "The Lakeside Memorial of the Burning of Chicago, A.D., 1871", Chicago, University Publishing Company, 1872.

From Mr. and Mrs. Walter F. Dodd. "Government in Illinois", by Walter F. Dodd and Sue H. Dodd, Chicago, 1923.

From Mr. Sidney C. Eastman. An account of the Underground Railway and anti-slavery activities in Tazewell County, Illinois. Manuscript.

From Mrs. E. F. Holmes, through Mr. Frank C. Lewis. Tax receipts issued by the city of Chicago to E. C. Holmes; dated 1844, 1848, 1865.

From Mrs. Franklin H. Martin. "History of Plymouth Church, Chicago", by Dr. John H. Hollister, manuscript; letters addressed to Dr. Hollister concerning the Clinton Mission and Sunday School, signed by P. D. Armour and Frank W. Gunsaulus.

From Mr. Joy Morton. "An Address delivered by Mr. Joy Morton at the Presentation of Arbor Lodge to the State of Nebraska, September 27, 1923." "A Report on Trees and Shrubs", at Arbor Lodge, by H. Teuschner; "Seventy-five Years in Chicago", Chicago, Morton Salt Company, 1923.

From Hon. Duane Mowry. Five letters to Hon J. R. Doolittle, 1860-1885.

From Mr. Cecil C. Moss. "Beyond the Mississippi, 1857-1867", by Albert D. Richardson, Hartford, 1867.

From Mrs. Herbert F. Perkins. "Untrodden Fields in History and Literature, and other

Essays, by Franklin Head", edited by George B. Shepard, Cleveland, 1923, two volumes (this is number 13 of 15 sets printed for the family of Mr. Head).

From Miss Mary Moncure Parker. "Monologues for Young Patriots", by the donor, Chicago, 1917.

From Mrs. Victor C. Sanborn. “Jean Baptiste Pointe de Saible", by Joseph Kirkland.

From Mr. Carl Sandburg. “Smoke and Steel”, also "Slabs of the Sunburnt West", two volumes of poems by the donor.

From Rev. Willis Weaver. "The Patriot Preeminent, Edwin M. Stanton", by the donor.

For the Museum

From Mr. John Lee Clarke and Mrs. Louise Clarke Magee. Portraits in oil of Captain Byfield Lyde, by Sir John Copley; of Jonathan Belcher, colonial governor of Massachusetts, Colonel Timothy Pickering, Sarah Pickering, Rev. John Clarke, and four members of the Chicago Clarke family descendants of the preceding. These portraits are all loaned to the Society for a period of ten years with the understanding that unless withdrawn by the owners at the expiration of that time the portraits become a gift to the Society.

Photograph

From Miss Florence Clarke. album containing interesting portraits of Chicagoans; English porcelain platter and bowl in blue willow pattern; marine view, patented by John L. Clarke, father of the donor; "A Yankee Song", broadside giving words of "Yankee Doodle"; also gas chandelier of French bronze, with glass globes and torch, saved from the home of John L. Clarke in Terrace Row at the time of the Great Fire.

From the descendants of Captain Jesse Duncan Elliott, through Mr. Jacobs of Muskegon, Michigan. Portrait of Captain Elliott, his sword, and a framed remnant of the flag of the Niagara, the ship which he commanded at the battle of Lake Erie, where he was second in command to Perry. (These are tendered to the Society as a loan for 20 years.)

From Mr. C. A. Estes. Coupon book of the Columbian Society of the United States, a society formed in Chicago at the time of the World's Fair for the convenience of out of town visitors; members paying in advance had every accommodation arranged for them before their arrival in the city.

From Marshall Field & Co., through Miss Frances Hooper. Pay gate sign and 185 photographs of the World's Fair.

From Mrs. A. Wharton Gibson. Gravy boat from set of china purchased in England in 1710, by her great grandfather, Chief Justice David Brearley of New Jersey, a signer of the Declaration of Independence.

From Mr. Marcus S. Hill, through Mr. William H. Bush. "Destruction of the Statue of George III in the city of New York", one of a series of prints depicting life in the colonies, published in Germany shortly after the close of the Revolution.

From Mrs. George A. Holmes, through Mrs. Walter R. Robbins. Piece of the elm under which Washington took command of the Continental Army, secured by the donor after the tree fell to the ground, October 26, 1923. By decision of the City Council of Cambridge, a piece of the tree was to be sent to each state in the Union, but Mrs. Robbins induced her daughter to secure this special piece for the Society because she feared that Springfield, not Chicago, would be favored.

From Mr. E. W. Houser. Original drawing, "Know Your Chicago", used in Chicago Commerce, August 25, 1923.

From Mrs. Frank M. Luce. Pink damask curtain from the home of Mrs. Abraham Lincoln, 375 West Washington Street. This was purchased at the sale of the furnishings of Mrs. Lincoln's home by Mrs. Mary Day and used in her home at 243 East Ohio Street. The donor is her granddaughter.

From Mr. Fernando Jones, through Major Joseph Kirkland and Miss Caroline Kirkland. Check of the Fund Commissioner of the State of Illinois, dated March 18, 1840; Illinois and Michigan Canal Checks, dated Lockport, October 1, 1839, and September 22, 1840; Branch State Bank at Chicago ninety day note for $100, for the canal fund, dated August 1, 1839.

From General N. W. MacChesney. Five uniforms as a gift, and several World's War relics as a loan on condition that they are put on exhibition.

From Mr. O. T. McClurg. Photograph of his father, General Alexander C. McClurg.

From Mrs. Franklin H. Martin. Three stereoscopic views of Chicago Fire ruins; passport of her father, Dr. John H. Hollister, issued 1868 and signed by William H. Seward.

From Mr. Charles B. Pike. Color lithograph by Kellogg, Hartford, Conn. (no date) of "Assassination of President Lincoln, Ford's Theater, Washington, D. C."

From Mr. J. M. Pyott. Four badges of the Ancient Order of United Workmen.

From Mr. Robert Meyer, through Dr. Lucius Zeuch. Lithograph of the battle of Buena Vista, February 22-23, 1847. This picture was saved by Charles Meyer, father of the donor, during the Chicago Fire, and was highly prized by him, as he had fought under General Taylor at Buena Vista.

From the Soldiers Home in Chicago, through Mr. Charles A. Sawyer president. United States flag with 36 stars which was used by the Soldiers Home in Chicago during the Civil War and later. At that time the home stood at 45 Randolph Street now the site of the public library.

From the City of Stevens Point, Wisconsin. Hose cart and reel used with "Fire King Number One" the first engine purchased by the city of Chicago, 1835. (This reel was sold to the City of Stevens Point in 1860).

Ackerman, Arthur
Adams, Mrs. Cyrus Hall
Adams, Cyrus H., Jr.
Arn, Lt. Col. William G.
Ashcraft, Raymond M.
Austrian, Mrs. Harry S.
Avery, Mrs. F. T.
Bagley, George R.
Bailey, Mrs. E. S.
Baldwin, Mrs. Herbert H.
Bannister, Mrs. Alla Ripley
Bayley, Mrs. Edwin F.
Beidler, Donald C.
Bell, Maj. Gen. George, Jr.
Bell, Hayden N.
Bennet, Inslee A.
Brett, Mrs. Fannie Hart
Brooks, J. William
Browne, Aldis J.
Burgweger, Mrs. M. Dewes
Butler, Mrs. Chas. E.
Byfield, Ernest L.

Cameron, John M.

Campbell, Herbert H.
Chamberlin, Henry B.
Cloney, T. W.

Colburn, Frederick S.
Cory, Charles B., Jr.
Cummings, Miss Effie H.
Custer, Miss Elenore L.
Dewes, Mrs. Francis J.
Dickinson, Jacob M., Jr.
Edgerton-Spooner, Miss F.
Ericson, Mrs. Melvin
Erwin, Charles R.
Evers, Edward A.
Fernald, Charles
Ferry, Mrs. Montague
Fetzer, Wade C.
Flesch, Eugene W. P.
Fortye, Harrie
Freeman, Charles Y.
Fuller, Mrs. Oliver F.
Garden, Hugh M. G.
Gardner, Robert A.

Garlick, Robin Cairns

Gaylord, 'Duane W. Glenn, John M. Gorham, Sidney S. Graf, Sidney S. Gregory, Tappan

Portis, Dr. Sidney A. Pritchard, Norman J. Pritzker, Nicholas J. Redington, Major Edw. D. Reeve, Mrs. Austin B.

Hamburger, Dr. Walter W. Reinecke, Mrs. George W.

Hardie, George F.
Haugan, Henry A.
Hegner, Herman F.
Hodgkins, W. L.
Holabird, John A.
Holstein, Mrs. Ottilie
Hulbert, Mrs. Charles Pratt
Hulbert, Mrs. Edmund D.
Jaeger, Mrs. G.
Jamieson, Charles R.
Jones, N. M.
Kline, William S.
Klingenberg, W. J.
Krause, C. J.
Krempp, Charles
Lamferski, Leo
Landis, Hon. Kenesaw M.
Lillie, Mrs. Frank R.
Loewenbergh, Max L.
Lord, John B.
Lott, Mrs. Cora A.
Luce, Mrs. Frank M.
McIntyre, Lawrence M.
McCormick, Miss Muriel

Moore, William R.
Morris, Seymour, Jr.
Neer, W. A.
Negri, Anton B.
Neise, George N.
Nelson, Nicholas J.
Notheis, J. F.
Oliver, Mark
Orr, Mrs. Robert C.
Palmer, Mrs. Robert F.
Pendexter, F. W.
Peterson, Mrs. Charles S.

von Reinsperg, Hans
Rinacker, Samuel M.
Roach, Benjamin
Root, John W.
Ross, Thompson
Robbins, Henry
de Roulet, Alfred
Scholle, Charles
Schucraft, William, Jr.
Seifert, Mrs, M. G.
Severin, Mrs. William
Sexton, William H.
Shaffer, Carroll
Sheridan, M. K.
Smale, William
Smith, Clayton F.
Snyder, Mrs. Ora T.
Spencer, Mrs. O. M.
Stavrum, James C.
Stewart, Gen. Leroy T.
Strohm, Mrs. O. B.
Sweet, John J.
Tramel, George
Van Schaick, Gerard
Visger, Mrs. Edith M.
Walcott, Russell S.
Wallace, Walter F.
Warren, Raymond H.
Watson, William G.
Weary, Allen M.
Wikoff, B. D.
Webster, Charles R.
Woolf, Morris

Young, Mrs. John C.
Zeiler, Frederick M.

Dixon, Homer L.

NECROLOGY

Brooks, Mrs. James G. Carter.

Carr, Clyde M., born 1869, died June 5, 1923.
Connell, Charles J., died August 2.

Fuller, Oliver F., born 1829, died April 10.
Hess, Magnus A., born 1858, died July 16.
Holabird, William, born 1854, died July 19.

Hunt, Captain Robert W., born 1838, died July 11.
Jones, David B., died August 22.

Kinney, Rev. Henry C., born 1838, died June 20.
Kohnstamm, Max V., died July 23.

Lawley, James H., born 1876, died April 20.

Leland, Edward F., born 1862, died May 24.

Lewis, Captain E. R., born 1841, died June 1.

McCormick, Mrs. Cyrus (Nettie Fowler), born 1835, died
July 5.

Monroe, Mrs. James E., born 1850, died October 11.
Redington, William H., born 1851, died October 8.
Stockton, John T., born 1866, died June 25.

of the State of Illinois, the sum of....

Dollars.

(Signed)

The Chicago Portage was certainly used by Indian travelers long before the first white man saw the site of Chicago. Who this first white man was, no one knows-probably some wandering coureur de bois who left no record. The first great figure among the explorers in this region was LaSalle, energetic, daring, inspired by lofty ideals. He was, said Mr. Edward G. Mason, "The real discoverer of the Great West, for he planned its occupation and began its settlement; and he alone of the men of his time appreciated its boundless possibilities and with prophetic eye saw in the future its wide area peopled by his own race." LaSalle was twenty-four when he migrated from France to Canada; by becoming a Jesuit he had lost the right to inherit the estate of his father, a wealthy merchant of Rouen. In Canada he was granted by the Seminary of St. Sulpice a considerable tract of land on the St. Lawrence, about eight miles above Montreal, where the town of Lachine now stands. Passing Indians stirred his imagination with tales of a long river, which they called the Ohio. The river, they said, emptied into the sea "at a distance of eight months' journey." LaSalle came to the conclusion that the Indians had given him the key to the longsought northern water route to China, and that "the sea" must be the Gulf of California. Getting permission from DeCourcelles, the governor of New France, he sold his seignory, bought four canoes and hired fourteen men, and set on his first search for the river which flowed to the western sea. The party started up the St. Lawrence on July 6, 1669. At the western end of Lake Ontario he met Joliet, just returning from his voyage to Sault Ste. Marie; from Joliet he apparently received a map of the northern lakes. For the next two years LaSalle traversed the Great Lakes region. Our information is meagre and not exact, but it is probable that he found the Ohio and descended it as far as Louisville Rapids, perhaps even to its junction with the Mississippi. About this time LaSalle was deserted by his men, and returned alone to the shore of Lake Erie. The next year, 1671, he led a new expedition up the Detroit River, to Lake Huron, thence to Lake Michigan and to the south end of Lake Michigan, where he may have crossed the Chicago Portage to the Illinois River, and thus again reached the Mississippi.

Most historians now say that he did not reach the Mississippi on this voyage, but, a few assert, that he did get as far as Chicago. LaSalle's first visit to the site of Chicago of which we have a definite record was in 1679, eight years later, and five years after Joliet and Marquette first pitched their camp on the same site.

Marquette was utterly unlike LaSalle. Marquette was a man of great gentleness and sweetness, who won a remarkable influence over the Indians by his serenity and saintliness rather than by force. At seventeen he had joined the Jesuits, but he was not sent to New France as a missionary until he was almost thirty. There he was assigned to the Upper Lakes. He founded the mission of Sault Ste. Marie in 1668, and two years later the mission of St. Ignace, at Mackinac. Here Marquette heard many reports of the great river and pleasant country to the west and south. In consequence he seems to have cherished the ambition to bring this unexplored region within his field of labor, and at the same time solve the problem of the river's outlet.

It so happened that in 1672, New France was given a new royal governor, Count de Frontenac, who also cherished a dream of expanding the colonial empire which he had come to rule. To explore the course of the Mississippi, and to discover the Gulf or Sea of California, he selected Louis Joliet, a Canadian by birth, who had been educated for the priesthood by the Jesuits at Quebec, but had been drawn by his own inclination away from the church and had become known as a voyageur. The autumn of 1672, Joliet proceeded to Mackinac, where he spent the winter in preparation for his journey. At Mackinac he met Father Marquette, who had established his mission two years earlier. During the winter months these two must have had many a long talk,—the kindly priest, yearning for new fields of labor, and his younger friend, a woodsman, eager to win fame by his expedition. What they said we can only guess, but when spring rolled around it had been decided that Marquette should accompany the expedition. Curiously enough posterity has given Marquette the greater glory, although Joliet was the official head of the party; for Joliet's records were lost almost at the end of the journey, and practically all available information comes from Marquette's journal.

When the expedition set forth from Mackinac on May 17, 1673, it comprised Joliet, Marquette, and five companions, in two canoes. From Mackinac they passed to the head of Green Bay, thence by way of the Fox-Wisconsin River route to the Mississippi, which they reached just one month after their departure from the mission of St. Ignace. They floated down the Mississippi for a week before they reached the first village of Illinois Indians. About three weeks later they had floated south as far as the mouth of the Arkansas, where they found a number of Indian villages. The natives were friendly, and not a little curious; they reported that the sea was distant only ten days' journey, but the intervening stretch of river was guarded by war-like tribes, armed with guns. As the explorers had no desire to be captured by Indians or shot by Spaniards, they proceeded only a short distance farther, when they decided to turn northward. They were convinced that the river emptied into the “Florida or Mexican Gulf."

At the mouth of the Illinois River the party left the Mississippi and ascended the tributary. Marquette's journal gives an extended account of the trip and a description of the region through which this new route led them. He says that they had seen nothing comparable to it for fertility of soil, for prairies, woods, "cattle" (probably buffalo), and other game. The Indians along the Illinois were friendly, and urged Marquette to return to give them instruction. Guided by an Indian escort, the travelers passed to Lake Michigan probably by way of the Chicago Portage, whence they made their way to Green Bay. It is their encampment at Chicago, in the late summer of 1673, the Chicago Historical Society will celebrate in December. date of this celebration, however, is actually another anniversary, for it is the exact date on which, 249 years ago, Marquette and two companions began the first extended stay of white men on the future site of Chicago. Joliet meanwhile had continued on to Quebec, to report to Frontenac the results of the expedition, but Marquette, weary and ill, spent the winter of 1673-74 at Green Bay. By the autumn of 1674 he was so much better that he determined to carry out his promise to the Illinois, that he would return and establish a mission among them.

The

Late in October, 1674, Marquette with two companions, both experienced voyageurs, left Green Bay. They were joined almost at once by a party of Indians, who accompanied them

down the west shore of Lake Michigan to the mouth of the Chicago River—the river of the portage, as Marquette calls it. Frequent storms on the lake had delayed them, so that over a month had been required for the journey thus far. Snowfall had already been heavy, and the river was frozen to a depth of eighteen inches. The party spent ten days, beginning December 4, in camp at the mouth of the river, and then moved inland two leagues, where Marquette decided to build a winter camp. Marquette had again fallen ill, and was much too weak to travel. Yet the picture he has left in his journal of his life during this hard winter is not without its attraction. His two companions had built for him a rude shelter; Parkman says it was a log hut, but it is more likely that it was only a wigwam of skins or bark. Marquette found that two French traders had preceded him, and were stationed about 18 leagues below Chicago, "in a fine place for hunting cattle, deer, and turkeys." Both of the traders were lawbreakers— who else would live such a forsaken life? But like many lawbreakers, they were not without attractive qualities. When they learned of Marquette's illness, one of them, whom Marquette calls simply the surgeon, came fifty miles to bring corn and blueberries-this at a time when the Indians were suffering because it was so cold and there was so much snow that they could not hunt.

The Indians too were very friendly and solicitous for his welfare, and on one occasion were dissuaded with difficulty from moving him bag and baggage to a village six leagues away, that they might keep a better watch over him. The Indians frequently sent gifts of corn, dried meat and pumpkins, and the traders repeated their donations of corn and blueberries. Occasionally, too, Marquette's companions would shoot a deer, or a partridge, and wild turkeys were plentiful.

Throughout the winter, despite his serious illness, Marquette was fired with religious zeal. Mass was said regularly every day, and special feasts were observed from time to time. Marquette made practical application of his religion late in January, when a deputation of Illinois Indians arrived with numerous presents, in return for which they asked a supply of gun powder. Marquette refused this, explaining that he came to teach them and to restore peace, and that he would not give them powder to begin a new war with their neighbors, the Miamis.

Toward the end of March the weather turned warm, and the ice began to thaw, but so sudden