Scientific Notices. Comprehending Notices of new Discoveries or Improvements in Science or Art; including, occasionally, singular Medical Cases; Astronomical, Mechanical, Philosophical, Botanical, Meteorological, and Mineralogical Phenomena, or singular Facts in Natural History; Vegetation, &c.; Antiquities, &c. ANATOMICAL DISSECTIONS. Some recent committals for disinterring human bodies, for anatomical dissection, have reminded us four pledge to transfer to the Kaleidoscope the whole f the valuable article from the Westminster Review, -the first portion of which we now proceed to lay fore our readers. Appeal to the Public and to the Legislature, on the necessity of affording Dead Bodies to the Schools f Anatomy, by Legislative Enactment. By William Mackenzie. Disease, which it is the object of these arts to prevent and to cure, is denoted by disordered function: disordered function cannot be understood without a knowledge of healthy function; healthy function cannot be understood without a knowledge of structure; structure cannot be understood unless it be examined. All shall show why it is that there can be no rational medi- | liver has been found perfectly healthy, but there has cine, and no safe surgery, without a thorough knowledge been discovered extensive disease of the brain. Disease of anatomy. of the liver is often mistaken for disease of the lungs : on the other hand, the lungs have been found full of ulcers, when they were supposed to have been perfectly sound, and when every symptom was referred to disease of the liver. Persons are constantly attacked with convulsions-children especially; convulsions are spasms: spasms, of course, are to be treated by antiThe organs on which all the important functions of the spasmodics. This is the notion amongst people ignorant human body depend are concealed from the view. There of medicine: it is the notion amongst old medical men : is no possibility of ascertaining their situation and con- it is the notion amongst half-educated young ones. nexions, much less their nature and operation, without this time these convulsions are merely a symptom; that inspecting the interior of this curious and complicated symptom depends upon, and denotes, most important machine. The results of the mechanism are visible; the disease in the brain: the only chance of saving life, is the mechanism itself is concealed, and must be investigated to prompt and vigorous application of proper remedies to the be perceived. The important operations of nature are sel- brain; but the practitioner whose mind is occupied with dom entirely hidden from the human eye; still less are the symptom, and who prescribes antispasmodics, not only they obtruded upon it; but over the most curious and loses the time in which alone any thing can be done to wonderful operations of the animal economy so thick a snatch the victim from death, but by his remedies absoveil is drawn, that they never could have been perceived lutely adds fuel to the flame which is consuming his pawithout the most patient and minute research. The cir- tient. In disease of the hip joint pain is felt, not in the culation of the blood, for example, never could have been hip, but, in the early stage of the disease, at the knee. discovered without dissection. Notwithstanding the par- This also depends on nervous communication. The most tial knowledge of anatomy which must have been acquired dreadful consequences daily occur from an ignorance of Every one desires to live as long as he can. Every one by the accidents to which the human body is exposed, by this single fact. In all these cases error is inevitable, Ees health "above all gold and treasure.' Every one attention to wounded men, by the observance of bodies without a knowledge of anatomy: it is scarcely possible ows that, as far as his own individual good is concerned, killed by violence; by the huntsman in using his prey; by with it: in all these cases error is fatal: in all these cases tracted life and a frame of body sound and strong, the priest in immolating his victims; by the augur in pur- anatomy alone can prevent the error-anatomy alone can * from the thousand pains which flesh is heir to, are unsuing his divinations; by the slaughter of animals; by the correct it. Experience, so far from leading to its detecakably more important than all other objects, because dissection of brutes; and even occasionally by the dissection tion, would only establish it in men's minds, and render and health must be secured before any possible result of the human body,-century after century passed away, its removal impossible. What is called experience is of any possible circumstance can be of consequence to without a suspicion having been excited of the real func- no manner of use to an ignorant, and unreflecting prac. In the improvement of the art which has for its tions of the two great systems of vessels, arteries and veins. titioner. In nothing does the adage,-that it is the wise ject the preservation of health and life, every individual It was not until the beginning of the 17th century, when only who profit by experience, receive so complete an therefore, deeply interested. An enlightened physician anatomy was ardently cultivated, and had made considera- illustration as in medicine. A man who is ignorant of la skilful surgeon are in the daily habit of adminis- ble progress, that the valves of the veins and of the heart certain principles, and who is incapable of reasoning in a ing to their fellow men more real and unquestionable were discovered; and, subsequently, that the great Harvey, certain manner, may have daily before him, for fifty years, d than is communicated, or communicable, by any the pupil of the anatomist who discovered the latter, by cases affording the most complete evidence of their truth, er class of human beings to another. Ignorant physi- inspecting the structure of these valves, by contemplating and of the importance of the deduction to which they lead, s and surgeons are the most deadly enemies of the their disposition, by reasoning upon their use, was led to without observing the one, or deducing the other. Hence munity; the plague itself is not so destructive; its suspect the course of the blood, and afterwards to demon- the most profoundly ignorant of medicine are often the ages are at distant intervals, and are accompanied with strate it. Several systems of vessels in which the most oldest members of the profession, and those who have had n and alarming notice of its purpose and power; theirs important functions of animal life are carried on-the ab- the most extensive practice. A medical education, founded constant, silent, secret; and it is while they are looked sorbent system, for example, and even that portion of it on a knowledge of anatomy, is, therefore, not only indisto as saviours, with the confidence of hope, that they which receives the food after it is digested, and which con- pensible to prevent the most fatal errors, but to enable a espeed to the progress of disease, and certainty to the veys it into the blood, are invisible to the naked eye, ex-person to obtain advantage from those sources of improveoke of death. cept under peculiar circumstances; whence it must be ment which extensive practice may open to him. evident, not only that the interior of the human body To the surgeon, anatomy is eminently what Bacon has must be laid open, in order that its organs may be seen; so beautifully said knowledge in general is: it is powerbut that these organs must be minutely and patiently dis- it is power to lessen pain, to save life, and to eradicate sected, in order that their structure may be understood. diseases, which, without its aid, would be incurable and The most important diseases have their seat in the or- fatal. It is impossible to convey to the reader a clear congans of the body; an accurate acquaintance with their ception of this truth, without a reference to particular situation is, therefore, absolutely necessary, in order to cases; and the subject is one of such extreme importance, ascertain the seats of disease; but, for the reasons already that it may be worth while to direct the attention, for a assigned, their situation cannot be learnt, without the study moment, to two or three of the capital diseases which the of anatomy. In several regions, organs the most different surgeon is daily called upon to treat. Aneurism, for exin structure and function are placed close to each other. ample, is a disease of an artery, and consists of a preturnaIn what is termed the epigastric region, for example, are tural dilatation of its coats. This dilatation arises from situated the stomach, the liver, the gall bladder, the first debility of the vessel, whence, unable to resist the impetus portion of the small intestine (the duodenum) and a por- of the blood, it yields, and is dilated into a sac. tion of the large intestine (the colon ;) each of these or- once the disease is induced, it commonly goes on to ingans is essentially different in structure and in use, and is crease with a steady and uninterrupted progress, until at liable to distinct diseases. Diseases the most diversified, last it suddenly bursts, and the patient expires instantatherefore, requiring the most opposite treatment, may ex-neously from loss of blood. When left to itself, it almost ist in the same region of the body; the discrimination of uniformly proves fatal in this manner; yet, before the which is absolutely impossible, without that knowledge time of Galen, no notice was taken of this terrible malady. which the study of anatomy alone can impart. The ancients, indeed, who believed that the arteries were air tubes, could not possibly have conceived of the existence of an aneurism. Were the number of individuals in Europe, who are now annually cured of aneurism, by the interference of art, to be assumed as the basis of a calculation of the number of persons who must have perished by this disease, from the beginning of the world to the time of Galen, it would convey some conception of the extent to which anatomical knowledge is the means of saving human life. It is deeply to be lamented that the community, in neral, are so entirely ignorant of all that relates to the t and the science of medicine. An explanation of the actions of the animal economy; of their most common important deviations from a healthy state; of the redies best adapted to restore them to a sound condition, d of the mode in which they operate, as far as that is own, ought to form a part of every course of liberal acation. The profound ignorance of the people on all se subjects is attended with many disadvantages to mselves, and operates unfavourably on the medical iracter. In consequence of this want of information, sons neither know what are the attainments of the man whose hands they place their life, nor what they ought be; they can neither form an opinion of the course of station which it is incumbent upon him to follow, nor ge of the success with which he has availed himself of means of knowledge which have been afforded him. ere is one branch of medical education in particular, foundation, in fact, on which the whole superstructure st be raised, the necessity of which is not commonly derstood, but which requires only to be stated to be ceived. Perhaps it is impossible to name any one sub. which it is of more importance that the community fuld understand. It is one in which every man's life deeply implicated: it is one in which every man's ignoice or information will have a considerable influence. e shall, therefore, enter into it with some detail: we all show the kind of knowledge which it is indispensible at the physician and the surgeon should possess: we all illustrate, by a reference to particular cases, the ason why this kind of knowledge cannot be dispensed ith: and we shall explain, by a statement of facts, the ature and extent of the obstacles which, at present, oppose e acquisition of this knowledge. We repeat, there is • subject in which every reader can be so immediately nd deeply interested, and we trust that he will give us is calm and unprejudiced attention. The basis of all medical and surgical knowledge is anaomy. Not a single step can be made either in medicine r surgery, considered either as an art or a science, with ut it. This should seem self-evident, and to need neither proof nor illustration; nevertheless, as it is useful occasionly to contemplate the evidence of important truth, we The seat of pain is often at a great distance from that of the affected organ. In disease of the liver, pain is generally felt at the top of the right shoulder. The right phrenic nerve sends a branch to the liver: the third cervical nerve, from which the phrenic arises, distributes numerous branches to the neighbourhood of the shoulder: thus is established a nervous communication between the shoulder and the liver. This is a fact which nothing but anatomy could teach, and affords the explanation of a symptom which nothing but anatomy could give. The knowledge of it would infallibly correct a mistake into which a person who is ignorant of it would be sure to fall: in fact, persons ignorant of it do constantly commit the error. We have known several instances in which organic disease of the liver has been considered, and treated, as rheumatism of the shoulder. In each of these cases, disease in a most important organ might have been allowed to steal on insidiously until it became incurable: while a person, acquainted with anatomy, would have detected it at once, and cured it without difficulty. Many cases have occurred of persons who have been supposed to labour under disease of the liver, and who have been treated accordingly: on examination after death, the When The only way in which it is possible to cure this disease is, to produce an obliteration of the cavity of the artery. This is the object of the operation. The diseased artery is exposed, and a ligature is passed around it, above the dilatation, by means of which the blood is prevented from flowing into the sac, and inflammation is excited in the vessel; in consequence of which its sides adhere together, and its cavity becomes obliterated. The success of the operation depends entirely on the completeness of the adhesion of the sides of the vessel, and the consequent obliteration of its cavity. This adhesion will not take place unless the portion of the artery to which the ligature is applied be in a sound state. If it be diseased, as it almost always is near the seat of the aneurism, when the process of of nature is completed by which the ligature is removed,, ascertained, but by an anatomist. The same surgeon from certain and inevitable death! The symptom by which an aneurism is distinguished from every other tumour, is, chiefly, its pulsating motion. But when an aneurism has become very large, it ceases to pulsate; and when an abscess is seated near an artery of great magnitude, it acquires a pulsating motion, because the pulsations of the artery are perceptible through the abscess. The real nature of cases of this kind cannot possibly be ascertained, without a most careful investigation, combined with an exact knowledge of the structure and relative position of all the parts in the neighbourhood of the tumour. Pelletan, one of the most distinguished surgeons of France, was one day called to a man who, after a long walk, was seized with a severe pain in the leg, over the seat of which appeared a tumour, which was attended with a pulsation so violent, that it lifted up the hand of the examiner. There seemed every reason to suppose that the case was an aneurismal swelling. This acute observer, however, in comparing the affected with the sound limb, perceived in the latter a similar throbbing. On careful examination he discovered that, by a particular disposition in this individual, one of the main arteries of the leg (the anterior tibial) deviated from its usual course, and instead of plunging deep between the muscles, lay immediately under the skin and fascia. The truth was, that the man, in the exertion of walking, had ruptured some muscular fibres, and the uncommon distribution of the artery gave to this accident these peculiar symptoms. The real nature of this case could not possibly have been (To be continued.) Miscellanies. METAPHYSICAL BOTHERATION. MODERN LEARNING EXEMPLIFIED pre BY A SPECIMEN OF COLLEGIATE EXAMINATION. By the late Professor Porson. The following article is stated to have been written some years since, by Mr. Professor Porson, in ridicule of the mode of examination at Oxford : S. Into a salt-box, and a box of salt. S. A salt-box may be where there is no salt; but salt P. What is the use of this division? S. To separate the fine salt from the coarse. shopkeeper. And a positive salt box is one which hath actually and bona fide got salt in it. P. Very good: what other divisions of salt-boxes do you recollect? S. They are divided into substantive and pendent; substantive salt-box is that which stands by itself on tr table or dresser, and the pendent is that which hang a nail against the wall. P. What is the idea of a salt-box? S. It is that image which the mind conceives of a st box when no salt is present. P. What is the abstract idea of a salt-box? S. It is the idea of a salt-box abstracted from the des of a box, or of salt, or of a salt box, or of a box of salt P. Very right: by this means you acquire a most pa fect knowledge of a salt-box: but tell me, is the a salt box a salt idea? S. Not unless the ideal box hath the idea of salt tained in it. P. True: and therefore an abstract idea canto either salt or fresh, round or square, long or short; this shows the difference between a salt idea and an of salt. Is an aptitude to hold salt an essential, or an cidental property of a salt-box? S. It is essential: but if there should be a crack int bottom of the box, the aptitude to spill salt would termed an accidental property of that salt-box. P. Very well, very well indeed: what is the salt calle with respect to the box? S. It is called its contents. S. Because the cook is content, quo ad hoc, to find plenty of salt in the box. P. You are very right. Let us now proceed to LOGIC. P. How many parts are there in a salt-box? P. Define these several modes? S. The formal respects the figure or shape of the such as round, square, oblong, &c. The substant spects the work of the joiner; and the accidental upon the string by which the box is hung against th P. Very well: what are the consequences of th dental mode? S. If the string should break, the box would fall salt be spilt, the salt-box broken, and the cook in a pale sion; and this is the accidental mode, with its conse P. How do you distinguish between the top and be tom of the salt-box? S. The top of a box is that part which is upper and the bottom that which is lowest, in all positions. P. You should rather say, the uppermost part is t top, and the lowest part the bottom. How is it then the bottom should be uppermost? S. The top would then be the lowermost, so that the bottom would become the top, and the top would becom the bottom; and this is called the topsy tury which is nearly allied to the accidental, and freque arises from it. P. Very good but are not salt-boxes sometimes singl and sometimes double? joiner's hands. P. Why so? S. Because it hath not yet become a salt-box, having never had any salt in it, and it may possibly be applied to some other use. P. Very true; for a salt-box which never had, hath not now, and perhaps never may have any salt in it, can only be termed a possible salt-box.-What is a probable salt-box? S. It is a salt-box in the hand of one going to a shop to buy salt, and who hath sixpence in his pocket to pay the P. Very good: what are the mechanical powers con cerned in the construction of a salt-box? S. The axe, the saw, the plane, and the hammer. tended? S. The axe to fell the tree, the saw to split the timber. to split. P. Consider: it is the property of the mall and wedge S. The saw to slit the timber, the plane to mooth and thin the boards. P. How? Take time; take time. his body politic deposited in this place of repose. All the much, I know not-he always gave more than he could When the door was closed, I was, for the first time, made acquainted with the structure of the bedstead, which our host considered as his master-piece. Upon the touching of a spring, outside the door, the bed was so acted upon by a pully, that it ascended slowly and smoothly through the four posts, until it came within two or three feet of the ceiling. The snoring of the Scotchman was the signal for touching the spring, and he was soon at the proper altitude. The trick, to be sure, might have cost Or rather tacks. Have not some philosophers con, red glue as one of the mechanical powers? - Yes, and it is so considered; but it is called an inmechanical power; because, where it is the property he direct mechanical powers to generate motion; glue, the contrary, prevents motion, by keeping the parts to it is applied fixed to each other. Very true: what is the mechanical law of the saw. The power is to resistance as the number of teeth force impressed, multiplied by the number of strokes him his neck, but Deuce may care was the reply of J self had wished, and that the last offices were rendered him, given time. Is the saw only used in slitting timber into boards? Yes, it is also employed in cutting boards into hs. Not lengths. A thing cannot be said to have been to lengths. Into shortnesses.-P. Very right. following whimsical story is very familiar to Ithough we do not just now recollect its source. copy it from a Liverpool paper, the editor of h not unfrequently appropriates similar articles out any acknowledgment. THE HUMORIST. Extract of a Letter written in the year 1792. afford."-Sterne died in 1768, at his lodgings in Bondstreet, exhausted by a long illness. "There was something (says Sir Walter Scott) in the manner of his death singularly resembling the particulars detailed by Mrs. Quickly as attending that of Falstaff, the compeer of Yorick for infinite jest, however unlike in other particulars. As he lay on his bed totally exhausted, he complained that his them. She did so, and it seemed to relieve them. He feet were cold, and requested the female attendant to chafe complained that the cold came up higher; and whilst the assistant was in the act of chafing his ancles and legs, he expired without a groan. It was likewise remarkable, that his death took place much in the manner which he himnot in his own house, or by the hand of kindred affection, but in an inn, and by strangers."-Sterne used to justify the licentiousness of his humour by representing it as a mere breach of decorum, which had no perilous consequences to morals. Soon after Tristram had appeared, whether she had read his book." I have not, Mr. Sterne," Sterne asked a Yorkshire lady of fortune and condition LITERARY TRIFLING. Swift's Lilliputian odes are, in all probability, familiar to my suggestion to that effect. The servants, as I before a D'Israeli's Curiosities of Literature. EPITRE A M. SARRAZIN. Sarazin Mon voisin Je ne voi, He describes himself Decharné N'es-tu pas Busiris, Phalaris, Ganelon, Le Fenlon? Est réduit, Jour et nuit, A souffrir, Sans guerir, Des tourmens Vehemens. He complains of Sarazin's not visiting him, threatens to reduce him into powder if he comes not quickly, and concludes, Avec nous Well, then, I have seen your friend J, and aim to be exactly what you described him to bemorist. He seems to have imparted much of that eter to every thing around him, both animate and nate. His servants are all admirably disciplined to This whims, and his very furniture is, for the most Tadapted to the same purpose. Upon my arrival, for ice, after receiving me with much cordiality, in connce of your letter of introduction, he invited me to wn in an easy chair that stood by the fire-place; but A scarcely complied with this request, when I started horror from my seat, upon the supposition that I had hed a cat and her whole litter of kittens to death, so letely were the mingled and discordant tones of the als imitated by the mechanism of the chair. This be on my guard, and there was hardly any thing in ouse afterwards that I did not touch with apprehenNo other trick, however, was practised upon me; as I found afterwards, I was indebted for such innce to one which they reserved for me at night, and i was such as, perhaps, all my English phlegm would lave enabled me to bear with patience. I escaped, ver, being put to the proof, by the merest accident, trival of a poor Scotch surveyor, who was thought a subject for the often repeated experiment. /substitute was treated with great, indeed, with exhospitality; he was helped to every thing to excess; lass was never allowed to stand full or empty for one e. The potations were suspended not until, and only 24, the cloth was laying for supper, during and after b, they were resumed with renovated energy. Our tainer was like the landlord described by Addison; iquor seemed to have no other effect upon him than other vessel in the house. It was not so with his ch guest, who was, by this time, much farther advanced Sterne.-" Poor Maria," was no fiction. “When we a the cruise of intoxication than half seas over; he was I came up to her (says Sterne's valet) she was grovelling in ally dead drunk. In this state he was conducted to the road like an infant, and throwing the dust upon her chamber, a fine, lofty, Gothic apartment, with a bed-head; and yet few were more lovely. Upon Sterne's acNeele; Sonnet, 1820. d that seemed coeval with the building. I say seemed, costing her with tenderness, and raising her in his arms, Henry Neele, son of the late respectable map and that was by no means the case, it being, in reality, a him her tale of misery, and wept upon his breast. My house of his father, in the Strand. His parents soon after she collected herself, and resumed some composure-told heraldic engraver, was born January 29, 1798, at the odern piece of structure, and entirely of the invention master sobbed aloud. I saw her gently disengage herself wards settled at Kentish-town, where Henry was sent to our host. It was of dark mahogany, with its four posts from his arms, and she sung him the service to the Virgin. school as a daily boarder. The academy wherein he imending completely to the ceiling of the chamber. The My poor master covered his face with his hands, and bibed all the instruction he possessed previous to his 1, however, was not more than two feet from the floor, walked by her side to the cottage where she lived there entrance into life, did not offer much towards the attainbetter to enable the parties singled out for initiation in he talked earnestly to the old woman. Every day, while ment of a liberal education. The writer of this slight we staid there, I carried them meat and drink from the sketch, Mr. Neele's contemporary, although his senior, mysteries of the castle to get into it. The Scotchman, hotel; and when we departed from Moulines, my master recollects making many a willing, though painful, effort th a good deal of assistance, was soon undressed, and had left his blessings and some money with the mother: how to encounter Greek, but all in vain-such was the bax But the last act of the pantomime was not yet performed. The spring had been immediately touched, upon closing the door, and the bed was soon beyond the reach of our guest. We could hear him groping about, and uttering frequent ejaculations of astonishment. He easily found the bed posts; but it was in vain for him to endeavour to get in. He moved his hands up and down. His leg was often lifted by way of stepping in, but always encountered the floor by its descent. He uttered "curses not loud, but deep," for fear of again disturbing the family. He concluded himself to be in the possession of the devil. In short, when it was found, by his silence, that he had given up the task as hopeless, and had disposed of himself upon one of the chairs, the bed was allowed to slide down again, and in the morning Sawney could not but express his astonishment at not having been able to find it in the dark. Mais pourtant Et cætera. Biograhical Notices. MR. HENRY NEELE. (From the Literary Gazette.) "He claims some record on the roll of Fame, At the commencement of the present year appeared his Romance of History, in three volumes, dedicated to the King. This production greatly enhanced Mr. Neele's fame as a writer of a higher order than the mere contributor to periodical publications. The object of the author was to prove, as his motto stated, that "Truth is strange barous system pursued there; and passing through, as the | are yet acute, discriminative, and eloquent: they abound expense. On quitting school, Mr. Neele was articled to an attorney; and, though at times he "penned a stanza when he should engross," he, nevertheless, we believe, did not neglect the opportunities afforded of obtaining experience in his profession. At a later period, he practised as a solicitor in Great Blenheim-street. In 1821, the Odes and Poems were reprinted, with a frontispiece, and attracted much notice from Dr. Drake, and other critics of repute. Our author then began to be sought after by booksellers, and became a regular contributor to magazines, Forget-Me-Not, &c. &c. Stranger than fiction;" "Scarce had their fame been whispered round, Was whistling o'er (his) tomb: The great success that had attended the dramatic scenes of Barry Cornwall gave rise to the composition of Poems, Dramatic and Miscellaneous, published in 1823. Mr. Was changed to cypress, sear and brown, Neele had evidently no talent for dramatic poetry. His Whose garlands mock the head they crown." Dramatic Sketches contain many beautiful images, and Neele's Odes. much pure and excellent sentiment; but the personages The unfortunate subject of our memoir was found dead rather improvise than converse. They are efforts of the in his bed, on Thursday, the 7th ult., with too certain mind or the imagination, but not effusions of the heart. tokens of self-destruction. He had exhibited symptoms Other and greater imitators of this style have failed. of derangement the day previous. It is neither our purHalidon Hill does no credit to the Author of Waverley; and we recollect to have read an avowal of Lord Byron, pose nor our wish to inquire into the cause of this aberthat, with all his ambition, he felt he could not succeedplication to studious pursuits preying upon a system ration of intellect. The most probable is, incessant apas a dramatist. He coquetted with the town in the pub: nervous even to irritability. lication of his dramas, and was less sore that they had been forced on the stage than that they had been condemned by a mixed audience. The miscellaneous poems in this second volume are written with more attempt at polish than his earlier productions, but are very beautiful specimens of his genius, especially his songs. We have a melancholy pleasure in transcribing the following from the fragments, which close the volume: "That which makes women vain, has taught my heart Looks on this painted clay, but as the night garb If our author could not excel in dramatic poetry, he had a keen perception of dramatic excellence in others. He studied minutely the productions of what is termed the Elizabethan age, and was an enthusiastic admirer of Shakspeare. He pleased himself with composing a series of lectures on the works of the great bard, and undertook, in 1819, a pilgrimage to his shrine. His compagnon de voyage (Mr. Britton, the antiquary,) read one of those lectures at the Town-hall of Stratford, to a numerous audience; and the produce of the tickets (about ten pounds) was presented to a public charity at Stratford. Mr. Britton possesses the manuscript of these lectures. Poured forth with rapidity and apparent carelessness, they "Ah! noblest minds H. N. (The Mourner, 1820.) Mr. Neele was short in stature-of appearance rather "Preys on itself, and is o'erpowered by thought," and sink not in despair, nor fly to the refuge of a p ture grave. T. S.) We are under obligation to a friend for the fir sketch; and should have been sorry that the unfi subject of it had gone to his untimely grave witho such memorial of him in our page. Of the amenity disposition and the kindness of his heart, we had many opportunities of judging; and we felt, according dismal catastrophe which closed his mortal career. afraid to think that the idea of self-destruction ma been long familiar to his imagination; yet it seems t influenced several of his poetical effusions. So long Mr. Ackermann's Forget-Me-Not for 1826, the following position from his pen appeared; and, though it was sponded to by the editor, in the same volume, it is in reflect on the state of morbid sensibility which mu inspired it: Suns will set, and moons will wane, Ebb and flow is ocean's lot, Nile, whose waves their bound'ries burst, BCDEFGH IT. رة "TINK A TINK," AND "OH DEAR, WHAT CAN THE MATTER BE!" The following musical morceau was obligingly communicated by a correspondent, together with the following note ; TO THE EDITOR. SIR-Among the novelties and ingenuities exhibited in the music for that fashionable instrument of the present day, the piano-forte, may be classed the bining of Airs in simultaneous harmony. In the celebrated piece, the "Recollections of Ireland," by Moscheles, is introduced, in an andante movement, ments of three Irish airs moving together. I have seen a glee, in which three national melodies, from different countries, exhibit that coincidence of racter and structure as to move together in perfect harmony. The following old airs, "Tink a Tink," and "Oh dear, what can the matter be!" moving ather, form the theme of a Fantasia, composed by Mr. J. J. JONES, Mus. Bac. Oxon. and published at the Harmonic Institution, London. TINK A TINK. Yours, &c. Second time. E Children.) has been remarked, that, were the inventor of speces known, he would be entitled to a grateful monuit. The same may be said of the inventor of flannel. this ungenial climate, its utility, as the inner dress or ering of the skin, is manifold, and very generally apciated. Its employment is still, however, more limited nit ought to be, especially in the case of children. Mr. inter's opinion on this subject deserves to be quoted: Sive children," says he, plenty of milk, plenty of ep, and plenty of flannel." The use of the first two no e will dispute: and though the last be certainly the ast essential of the three, I imagine that all who have tended to the nature and causes of the acute discases of ildhood, will admit its importance in this period of life. Flannel, like every other texture of wool, is a bad conductor of heat: that is, when placed between two bodies of different degrees of temperature, they do not so soon become of the same heat as when a piece of linen is interposed. Of the difference in this respect between these two articles, any one may convince himself by a simple experiment. Having covered the palm of one hand with flannel, and that of the other with linen, let a lump of ice be laid upon each: the hand with the linen will instantly feel the coldness of the ice; whereas the other will be some time before it is sensible of it. Silks, furs, fea thers, and some other articles, conduct heat still more slowly than flannel. From what was remarked in the last section in reference to the functions of the skin, it is evident, that when the skin is chilled and corrugated by the combined influence of cold and moisture, its functions become interrupted, and the blood is driven from the surface upon the internal organs, without a re-action taking place. In this way dangerous congestions are produced; particularly if the exposure has been partial-if only a limited portion of the surface has been acted upon: an article of dress will, therefore be useful in proportion to its power of defending the skin from the influence of such accidental exposure, as well as of the ordinary severity and vicissitudes of the weather, which, in this climate, are experienced during at least eight months in the twelve. Beside cold and moisture, we have easterly winds, which parch and wither the skin; check the insensible perspiration, and, in some constitutions, it will produce various trying and indescribable sensations. In this case, flannel is equally useful, on account of its not readily parting with its moisture, as well as being a bad conductor of heat. In retaining moisture, it resembles a sponge; in which respect it also differs from linen. If a piece of each kind of cloth be wetted and hung up together to be dried, the linen will be much the soonest dry. This explains why the skin of a person who wears flannel will remain soft and moist, though it be exposed to the most piercing wind. On the same principle we account for the usefulness of flannel, as an article of dress, in warm climates; in our own country in summer; and at all seasons in the case of such as, from constitution, perspire excessively. In each of these instances, if linen is worn next the skin, it soon becomes saturated with moisture, is felt to be cold and clammy, and, by the evaporation which it permits, chills the body, producing nearly the same effects as exposure to cold and moisture. Whereas flannel, by absorbing the perspiration, and conducting the heat so slowly from the surface, keeps it moist and of an equal temperature. |