shall, upon request, surrender the certificate to an authorized representative of the Administrator.

[20 F. R. 7722, Oct. 14, 1955, as amended by Amdt 1-1, 21 F. R. 2585, Apr. 20, 1956]

§ 1.65 Display. An airworthiness certificate shall be carried in the aircraft at all times, and shall be displayed as prescribed by the Administrator.

§ 1.65-1 Display of airworthiness certificate (CAA rules which apply to § 1.65). The airworthiness certificate shall be displayed at the cabin or cockpit entrance in such a manner that it is legible to passengers or crew.

[CAM 1 Rev., 21 F. R. 8807, Nov. 14, 1956]

§ 1.66 Airworthiness certificates for normal, utility, acrobatic, and transport categories. Aircraft certificated in the normal, utility, acrobatic, and transport categories may be used for the carriage of persons and property for compensation or hire. This provision shall also apply to import aircraft certificated in accordance with Part 10 of this subchapter and § 1.67 (c) of this part.

§ 1.67 Airworthiness certificate; requirements for issuance. The requirements for the issuance of an airworthiness certificate are stated in paragraphs (a) through (c) of this section.

(a) Aircraft manufactured under a production certificate. An applicant for the original issuance of an airworthiness certificate for an aircraft, whose type design was certificated in categories other than the limited category, manufactured under the terms of a production certificate, may be issued such certificate without further showing. The Administrator may inspect the aircraft to see if it conforms to the type design.

(b) Aircraft manufactured under type certificate only. An applicant for the original issuance of an airworthiness certificate for an aircraft, whose type design was certificated in categories other than the limited category, manufactured under the terms of a type certificate only, shall be issued such certificate upon presentation of a statement of conformity for such aircraft issued by the manufacturer when, upon inspection of the aircraft, the Administrator finds that the aircraft conforms to the type design, and is in a condition for safe operation.

(c) Import aircraft. An applicant for the original issuance of an airworthiness certificate for an import aircraft type

certificated in accordance with Part 10 of this subchapter shall be issued such certificate when the government of the country where the aircraft was manufactured certifies, or the Administrator finds, that the aircraft conforms to the type design and is in a condition for safe operation.

§ 1.68 Airworthiness certificates for restricted category aircraft. Aircraft certificated in the restricted category shall not be used for the carriage of persons or cargo for compensation or hire. For purposes of this section, crop dusting, seeding, and other similar specialized operations are not considered as the carriage of persons or cargo for compensation or hire. Other special limitations for such aircraft are prescribed under the provisions of Part 8 of this subchapter. This section shall also apply to import aircraft certificated in accordance with Part 10 of this subchapter and § 1.69 of this part.

§ 1.69 Airworthiness certificates for restricted category aircraft; requirements for issuance. The requirements for issuance of an airworthiness certificate for an aircraft in the restricted category are as stated in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section.

(a) Aircraft manufactured under a production certificate or type certificate only. An applicant for the original issuance of an airworthiness certificate for an aircraft in the restricted category, type certificated under the provisions of § 8.10 (a) (1) of this subchapter, shall comply with the appropriate provisions of § 1.67.

(b) Other aircraft. An applicant for the issuance of an airworthiness certificate for aircraft of the restricted category other than those referred to in paragraph (a) of this section, such as surplus military aircraft and modified civil aircraft, may be issued such certificate when he demonstrates compliance with the provisions of subparagraphs (1) through (3) of this paragraph.

(1) The aircraft has been type certificated under the provisions of § 8.10 (a) (2) of this subchapter, or modified under the provisions of § 8.10 (b) of this subchapter;

(2) The aircraft has been inspected by the Administrator and found by him to be in a good state of preservation and repair and in condition for safe operation; and

(3) The Administrator has prescribed operating limitations in accordance with Part 8 of this subchapter.

§ 1.69-1 Issuance of restricted airworthiness certificates (CAA policies which apply to § 1.69). CAA policies concerning "restricted category" airworthiness certificates are contained in Part 8 of this subchapter. (The manual for Part 8 may be procured from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C.)

[CAM 1 Rev., 21 F. R. 8807, Nov. 14, 1956]

§ 1.70 Multiple airworthiness certification. Multiple airworthiness certification shall conform to the provisions of paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section.

(a) An aircraft shall be issued an airworthiness certificate in the restricted category and in any one or more of the other airworthiness categories prescribed by the regulations in this subchapter, if the applicant shows compliance with the requirements for each category when the aircraft is in the configuration for that category and if the aircraft can be converted from one category to another by removal or addition of equipment by simple mechanical

means.

(b) Any aircraft certificated in the restricted and any other category shall be inspected and approved by an authorized representative of the Administrator, or by a certificated mechanic with an appropriate airframe rating, to determine airworthiness each time the aircraft is converted from the restricted category to another category for the carriage of passengers for compensation or hire, unless the Administrator finds this unnecessary for safety in a particular case.

§ 1.70-1 Issuance of multiple airworthiness certificates (CAA policies which apply to § 1.70). CAA policies concerning multiple airworthiness certificates are contained in Part 8 of this subchapter. (See § 1.69-1 for procurement of the manual for Part 8.) [CAM 1 Rev., 21 F. R. 8807, Nov. 14, 1956]

North American..

press). AT-9 and AT-9A (Jeep). BT-14 (Yale)....

AL-31.

AL-32.

Lockheed
Northrop

North American..
Curtiss..
Grumman.

Sikorsky. Martin. Bell....

North American.
Grumman..
Chance-Vought...

Grumman
Stinson..

North American.. Culver......

Sikorsky Helicopter.

Consolidated....

0-52...

an

(b) Application procedure for original limited airworthiness certificate. The following procedure should be followed by an applicant for a Limited Airworthiness Certificate.

(1) Establish that the aircraft in question is one of the models or series that

have been issued a Limited Type Certificate. (See paragraph (a) of this section for listing of aircraft issued a "limited category" type certificate.)

(2) Determine that the aircraft configuration conforms to the requirements set forth in the pertinent "limited category" aircraft specification.

(3) Present evidence that the periodic inspection has been accomplished by an appropriately rated mechanic immediately prior to submitting the application. The scope of a periodic inspection is described under § 18.30-18 of this subchapter.

(4) Accomplish a flight test for the purpose of checking the proper functions of the powerplant, instruments and controls of airframe and powerplant.

(5) Present logbooks for the aircraft. The logbooks should show the results of the flight test and be signed by the pilot making the flight test. The entry should indicate that the aircraft performs normally and is considered airworthy.

(6) Present any information or technical orders that the CAA representative deems necessary to establish airworthiness compliance.

(7) Present a properly executed application for a Limited Airworthiness Certificate. Application for a Limited Airworthiness Certificate is made on Form ACA-305. (See § 1.60-2 for application procedure.)

(8) Present with the application a "limited category" aircraft specification for the particular model shown on the application. "Limited category" aircraft specifications are available free of charge from the CAA regional offices, or the CAA Office of Aviation Information, Washington 25, D. C.

The applicant should discuss the "limited category" aircraft certification requirements with the local CAA representative prior to formally submitting the aircraft for inspection and certification. This procedure is not mandatory; however, it will usually expedite final approval since the CAA representative will be able to instruct the applicant concerning the requirements for his particular aircraft.

[CAM 1 Rev., 21 F. R. 8807, Nov. 14, 1956]

§ 1.72 Airworthiness certificate for limited category aircraft; requirements for reissuance. An applicant for an airworthiness certificate for an aircraft in the limited category shall show that the

aircraft has been previously type certificated in the limited category, and that the aircraft complies fully with the requirements of Part 9 of this subchapter.

§ 1.72-1 Procedure to be followed for recertification in the "limited category” (CAA policies which apply to § 1.72). Aircraft previously certificated in the "limited category" and subsequently certificated in the "restricted" or "experimental" classification of airworthiness are eligible for recertification in the "limited" classification of airworthiness; provided, the aircraft is restored to the original level of airworthiness and is in a good state of preservation and repair, and in condition for safe operation. Application for recertification should be made in the same manner as outlined in § 1.71-1 (b).

[CAM 1 Rev., 21 F. R. 8807, Nov. 14, 1956]

§ 1.73 Experimental certificates. Experimental certificates are issued for amateur-built aircraft and for aircraft which are to be used for experiment, for exhibition, for air racing, and to show compliance with the regulations in this subchapter for the issuance of type certificates and related purposes.

§ 1.73-1 Experimental airworthiness certification (CAA policies which apply to § 1.73)-(a) Type of operations. Experimental airworthiness certificates are issued for the following, and similar types of operations: research and development; flight testing leading to type certificates; testing of new installations such as powerplants, propellers, controls, electronic equipment, etc., racing and exhibition flights and amateur-built aircraft.

(b) Experimental military type aircraft. Aircraft built on a military contract and identified by military aircraft identification marks are considered public aircraft and do not require issuance of airworthiness certificates. However, aircraft of military design built independently by manufacturers with the intention of demonstrating to prospective military purchasers, and not having military identification, will be required to obtain an Experimental Airworthiness Certificate inasmuch as such aircraft would be considered civil aircraft.

(c) Amateur-built aircraft. Amateurbuilt aircraft will be eligible for an Experimental Airworthiness Certificate when the applicant presents satisfactory evidence that the aircraft was designed

and/or fabricated by an individual or group of individuals, the project having been undertaken for educational or recreation purposes and the CAA finds that the aircraft complies with the amateur-built aircraft requirements set forth in § 1.74-3.

[CAM 1 Rev., 21 F. R. 8807, Nov. 14, 1956]

§ 1.74 Experimental certificates; requirements for issuance. The requirements for the issuance of experimental certificates are as stated in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section.

(a) In applying for an experimental certificate the applicant shall submit:

(1) A statement upon a form and in a manner prescribed by the Administrator setting forth the purpose for which the aircraft is to be used,

(2) Sufficient data, such as photographs, to identify the aircraft, and

(3) Upon inspection of the aircraft, any pertinent information found necessary by the Administrator to safeguard the general public.

shall pre

(b) The Administrator scribe appropriate operating restrictions for the use of experimental aircraft. Such restrictions shall include the prohibition of carrying persons or property for compensation or hire.

§ 1.74-1 Requirements for the issuance of experimental airworthiness certificates (CAA rules which apply to § 1.74 (a)). In addition to the information required to be submitted on application Form ACA-305, the applicant shall indicate on a separate sheet of paper:

(a) The purpose of the experiment.

(b) The estimated time or number of flights required to conduct the experiment.

(c) The areas over which it is desired to conduct the experiment.

(d) A three-view drawing of the aircraft specifiying only the external dimensions. (Three-view dimensioned photographs will be acceptable in lieu of the drawings. This information need not be submitted for any "experimental" aircraft converted from a basic approved type provided the external configuration has not appreciably changed.) [CAM 1 Rev., 21 F. R. 8808, Nov. 14, 1956]

§ 1.74-2 Additional information (CAA policies which apply to § 1.74 (a)). The applicant may be called upon to submit

additional information during the airworthiness inspection conducted by the CAA representative. For example, the CAA representative might request the applicant to furnish information concerning a particular construction technique used to fabricate the aircraft or information as to the type of material or gauge of tubing. The purpose of such requests by the CAA representative would be to help determine the general airworthiness of the aircraft and to establish operation limitations or restrictions to safeguard the general public. [CAM 1 Rev., 21 F. R. 8808, Nov. 14, 1956]

§ 1.74-3 Certification of amateurbuilt aircraft (CAA policies which apply to § 1.74). The following policies will apply to the certification and operation of aircraft of amateur design and construction designed and built by educational institutions and individuals without complying with all the requirements of "standard" aircraft:

(a) Scope. While amateur-built aircraft are issued "experimental" airworthiness certificates, the airworthiness requirements for this type of aircraft are of greater scope than those for other types of "experimental" aircraft. The reason is that after the aircraft has completed the flights specified in paragraph (g) and paragraph (h) of this section, the aircraft operation limitations, upon application, may be modified to permit the carriage of nonrevenue passengers. addition, the area restrictions normally prescribed for "experimental" aircraft may be modified to authorize extended flights.

In

(b) Design and construction, powerplant and equipment. Amateur-built aircraft should not have any apparent unsatisfactory features of design and construction. The following guide to design and construction should be followed by an applicant if he intends to apply for an amateur-built aircraft Experimental Airworthiness Certificate:

(1) Approved components such as engines, propellers, wheels, and similar items should be used wherever possible. Structural components of other aircraft may be used; however, it is not intended that this provision be used to avoid obtaining approval of major alterations to aircraft previously certificated in another category.

(2) Protrusions, knobs, sharp corners, and other objects likely to cause serious

injury to the pilot or passengers in the event of a minor crash should be reduced to a minimum. Where removal is impractical, consideration should be given to use of padding.

(3) Instruments and equipment as required by § 43.30 (a) of this subchapter should be installed. Safety belts should be installed for each seat.

(4) Suitable means, consistent with the size and complexity of the aircraft, should be provided to reduce the hazard of fire. A fire wall isolating the engine compartment from the remainder of the aircraft should be provided.

(5) Any engine or propeller may be used, provided no adverse characteristics of the engine, propeller, or engine-propeller combination are evident or known to the Administrator.

(6) The complete powerplant installation, including the propeller, as installed in the aircraft should satisfactorily undergo at least one hour of ground operation from idling to full throttle power prior to the first flight. The applicant may use any time interval he desires at the various speeds he selects.

(7) Only fuel of a grade which will eliminate destructive detonation and minimize the possibility of vapor lock should be used.

(8) Suitable means should be provided to minimize the possibility of carburetor ice.

(9) An identification plate containing at least the following should be displayed in the cabin or cockpit:

(i) The name and address of the builder.

(ii) The model designation. (iii) The serial number.

(iv) The date of manufacture.

(c) Essential data. In addition to the information furnished on application, Form ACA-305, the following information should be submitted with the application:

(1) Horsepower rating of engine and propeller.

(2) Empty weight and maximum weight at which the aircraft will be operated.

(3) Number of seats installed and their arrangement with respect to each other.

(4) Whether single or dual control. (5) Fuel and oil capacities.

(6) Maximum speed at which the applicant expects to operate the aircraft.

(7) A statement as to the criteria (any regulations, design data, or other information) used as a basis for the design.

(d) Examination and inspection. As part of the certification procedure the aircraft will be subjected to examination and general inspection for airworthiness by an authorized CAA representative. Compliance with specific design requirements contained in paragraph (b) of this section, as well as good aeronautical practice will be determined by means of this inspection and examination. Any apparent unairworthy feature, workmanship or device disclosed by the inspection will be repaired, reworked, or otherwise be changed to be acceptable to the CAA prior to certification as an amateur-built aircraft.

(e) Initial restrictions. Upon satisfactory completion of all necessary inspections and testing on the ground, the CAA representative will issue an amateur-built aircraft "experimental" airworthiness certificate. Initially, the aircraft operating limitations of all amateur-built aircraft will contain appropriate restrictions as follows:

(1) Only day VFR flight will be authorized.

(2) The permissible flight area will be restricted to minimize any hazard to the general public. In no case will the initial permissible flight area exceed a 25mile radius from applicant's base. Flights over thickly populated areas will be prohibited.

(3) Occupants of the aircraft will be limited to essential crew members, and, except in single place aircraft, the cabin or cockpit will be placarded, "Passengers Prohibited," in such a manner and location as to be visible from all seats.

(4) The aircraft will not be used for the carriage of cargo nor in connection with any business or employment.

(5) Such additional restrictions as the Administrator may deem necessary in the interest of safety.

(f) Modified restrictions. Upon satisfactory completion of the flight experience requirements outlined in paragraph (g) of this section, and the flight test demonstration outlined in paragraph (h) of this section, the flight operation restrictions applied at the time of initial certification may be amended as follows: