humanity would devote to the experimental effort for the redemption of the unfortunates of society and the ennoblement of manhood. Judge Lindsey has had to convince the young that he was their friend, entitled to their confidence; that the state was their loving protector and not their enemy. He has shown them that the state must protect all the people; that it cannot permit wrong to be done and take no notice of the offense; but that it wishes to be just and to lift, help, support and sustain the child who has gone astray; that its purpose is twofold: to protect society and to help the unfortunate and the erring to be strong, fine helpers of civilization and the state.

And it is wonderful to see how wholeheartedly the young have responded to this call to the divine in their souls-to this call of the human to the human, pitched in the key of love.

chap came into the court one evening and inquired if Judge Lindsey was there. On being taken into a private apartment he said: "Judge, I've been swipin' things, and I want to cut it out, and I want you to help me." to help me." The Judge asked what brought him there. He mentioned a companion who had been on probation. "He told me to come," continued the little fellow. "He told me if I did n't cut it out and do what was right, it would only be a little while before the cop would get me and I would go to prison, but if I'd cut it out and come to you, you would help me.”

Six years ago many of the boys in the state industrial school were seen in the yards with balls and chains attached to prevent them from running away. Under the new order all this has been changed. When the Grand Army encamped at Denver the boys in the reform-school naturally longed to be present to see the soldiers, to hear the music and to behold the city in gala dress. Judge Lindsey proposed to give them the opportunity to spend the day in Denver under no sur

II. SOME FACTS AND ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES SHOWING THE RESULT OF

THE NEW SYSTEM.

Some idea of the success of Judge Lindsey's efforts may be gained from the fact that during one year three hundred children voluntarily came to the Judge, confessed to wrong-doing and asked for his aid and discipline to help them become what they wished to be good boys and girls. One little fellow, taken on suspicion of having committed a serious offence, confessed to the Judge his wrongdoing. Later he induced five or six companions to voluntarily confess and give themselves up to the Judge. One little

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their own word given to him that they would return voluntarily to the school at a certain hour. The believers in the old order were horrified at the proposition. They deemed it reckless. They did not understand the new spirit that had come with the inauguration of a system of divine justice or justice illumined by love. The Judge went to the boys and said: Boys, how many of you would like to go to Denver and spend the day?" Of course the whole school was eager for the great holiday. Then the Judge told them that he believed in them; he believed that no boy in the school would give him a pledge and then break it; and believing that, he had given his pledge that every boy would be back in his place at a certain hour if they were allowed to go. All the boys promised and the school of over two hundred went to Denver, and every boy returned at the appointed time.

Boys sentenced to the reform-school

bone tave rated they breast

Do you my that this is simply owing to the power of this wonderful man? The Jage will vill you. No, and in proof he wis point to the qstem which, pattered after that of Denver, has been introquood and brought into practical operation in Salt Lake City and in Omaha. He will tell you that in the former city the boys sentenced at the reform-school are given their commitment papers and sent unattended to Ogden, and in only one instance has a boy attempted to run away, and for that the court-officer was responsible. The boy had given his word that if trusted and sent unattended he would go to the reformatory, and he went to the depot, bought his ticket and was waiting for the train, when all at once he discovered a court-officer shadowing him. He felt at once that he had been betrayed and lied to; that he was being followed and watched. Now if the game of the court is to follow, the game of the accused is to fly, and the boy threw away his ticket and fled. When caught he declared that he had no thought of attempting to run away until he saw the court-officer and found that the state was not keeping its plighted word or faith with him.

For some years Judge Olmstead in New York City has conducted a most successful children's court, and other cases might be cited.

One of the very important phases of Judge Lindsey's great reformation in behalf of the children is found in the compelling of parents to recognize in a measure at least the solemn responsibilities that devolve upon them. The result in this direction has been most positive and salutary. It has forced the parents to recognize the obligations they owe the child and the state. They have brought children into the world-future citizens, human souls facing an eternity of glory or of gloom--and upon them devolve obligations of the holiest and most sacred

jesscess, iferece or wilful selfish absorptive they have evaded their duties, then the state owes it to the child and to society to compel them to perform those duties, and in cases where parents' envinement is such that they are unable to cope with the problem, the state under the new régime becomes a potent assistant in the work of saving the child to society. Here are some typical cases:

Three girls between twelve and fifteen are found walking the streets after ten o'clock at night, without a chaperon. The probation officer takes them in charge. The mothers are summoned and the Judge gives them a lecture showing them what will almost surely come as a result of this morally criminal negligence. He shows them that they are the real offenders and fines them twenty-five dollars each, but suspends the payment of the fine until the children are again found on the street at unreasonable hours. The result is that the children are rescued from threatened evils that might easily lead to their ruin before they realized their peril.

A boy is brought before the Judge. He has been caught in the commission of a grave misdemeanor. He is the son of a wealthy father-a man who has become so crazed by the mania for gold that all his finer and nobler sensibilities are blunted. He is absorbed in heaping wealth. At night he comes home, sometimes the worse for wine drunk at his club, usually irritable and self-absorbed. He makes everyone in his home miserable without realizing what he is doing. Instead of gathering his little ones to him around the evening lamp, entertaining them and leading them by love's sweet way onward and upward, he neglects them. They are barks laden with precious treasure, set adrift on a treacherous sea without compass or rudder, without captain or pilot. Now it is not long before the Judge has the recreant, gold-drunken father on the carpet. He is brought face to face with his delinquent conduct and

its fearful results. He is made to see that he, not the neglected boy, is the greater criminal, and he is fined and warned that far more serious consequences await him if he continues to neglect his boy.

There are other cases where parents are themselves victims of unfortunate circumstances. Here the state is a good angel to them and the children. A single incident will illustrate this fact.

It is eleven o'clock at night. The Judge is returning from a banquet. He is in one of the great hotels of the city. A scrub-woman is washing up the marble floor. She sees him and rising comes timidly to him, saying: "Oh, Judge, I can never express my gratitude to you for what you have done for my boy. You see, I have to support the family with my hands; I cannot give him the attention he ought to receive. He got among wild boys, but you have saved him. He goes to school regularly now; he has come to like the teacher and to be ambitious to succeed."

"Yes," replies the Judge, "the teacher tells me he is one of the most regular attendants and one of the best lads in the school."

Often children innocent of some offense charged against them, but with a questionable record, are haled before the court. Under the old system they were quickly examined, judged and punished, with the result that the child was disgraced for a crime he did not commit. He thus hated the state because the state had been unjust to him. He went forth from the reform-school ruined. Henceforth SOciety had an Ishmael to deal with, while under just and loving treatment he might have become a high-minded and useful citizen. Let us illustrate with a typical

case:

One day a boy was brought to court by a judge and a physician who lodged the complaint. The judge insisted that the prisoner had thrown a stone through the car-window as the car passed the school-yard. The judge's face was badly

As a

cut, and both he and the physician insisted that they saw the boy who had been arrested commit the offense. Judge Lindsey examined the boy in private. The lad freely confessed to many misdemeanors, but stoutly affirmed that he was not the one who threw the stone. result of a thorough questioning Judge Lindsey became convinced that the boy was telling the truth. He returned to the accusers and amazed them by telling them that he was morally certain that the boy was innocent. They immediately demanded that he find the guilty one. He set out for the school which was the scene of the offense. Here he explained to the boys that he was in trouble; that he was not willing to have an innocent boy judged guilty of an offense that he believed the prisoner did not commit; and he appealed to the youths present to help him out of his trouble. He asked the one who really cast the stone to confess. After this heart to heart talk one little fellow rose and said: "Judge, I heaved the stone."

Scores of other cases could be cited showing that under the old method the innocent child would have been judged guilty, all because of the criminal indifference of judges and of society to the tremendous importance of punishing only the guilty and of saving the young to the state instead of making them enemies of the state and a curse and an expense to society. Here is another example of this character:

A little girl with an ugly wound on her thigh prefers a charge against a boy of about her own age, claiming that he had inflicted the wound. The boy stoutly denies the offense. The Judge examines them separately. He finds out that the two mothers have recently had a hairpulling argument which led to their being haled into court. The result of his investigation convinces him that the boy is not guilty. He then examines the girl by herself. She finally confesses that she had fallen and the tongue of her little cart had inflicted the wound. The par