are grazing.

Soldiers are watching. Soldiers watched. Soldiers were watched. School is closed. Donkeys bray. Donkeys were braying. I am writing. We are reading.

Exercise 2.

Place Predicates (Verbs) after the following Subjects:

Baby. Babies. Lightning. Flowers. Soldiers. Lions. Bees. Gas. The sun. The wind. The eagle. Eagles. The ship. Ships. The master. The scholars. The cat. Cats. Bakers. A butcher. The moon. The stars. Carpenters. The carpenter. The mower. Porters. Ploughmen.

I. We.

Exercise 3.

Place Subjects before the following Predicates:

Mew. Chatter. Grunt. Ran. Hum. Fly. Howl. Is walking. Plays. Played. Fell. Whistled. Shrieked. Sings. Sing. Sang. Sleeps. Slept. Bark. Barks. Cried. Bloom. Laughed. Soar. Swim. Swam. Was swimming. Dawns. Dawned. Gallops. Roar.

SUBJECT, PREDICATE, AND OBJECT.

In many

6. The Predicate always is or contains a Verb. sentences the Predicate is a Verb alone. When it is a Verb in the Active Voice, it has an Object, thus :

Pick out the Subjects, Predicates, and Objects.

Soldiers fight battles. Tom missed Fred. Mary is minding baby. Job showed patience. Abraham had faith. Romulus founded Rome. Titus captured Jerusalem. Arthur loves father. Walter threw a stone. Tom broke a window. The servant swept the room. Masons build houses. The girl is milking the cow. The dog bit the beggar. Artists paint pictures. I am expecting a letter. We have won prizes.

Exercise 6.

The cook made.
Soldiers fight.

Romulus founded.

The hunter killed

Tom missed.
Titus captured

.

...

The gardener sowed. . . . Somebody stole.
The sailor lost. . . . Children learn. . . Authors

Farmers grow .
I hurt...

Supply Subjects.

.... dusted the room.

...

...

Birds build. . . . I admire. . . . We

. met Tom. . . caught the thief. . . . grow flowers.

.loves me.

.... bit

. has killed is making a

makes

ENLARGED SUBJECT.

7. Subjects may be enlarged by Adjuncts. Thus the sentence 'Boys work' may, by additions to the Subject, become

The boys work.

These boys work.

Good boys work.

My boys work.

The good boys of the village work.

The good boys of the village, wishing to please their
master, work.

Exercise 8.

Pick out the Subject and its Adjuncts.

Tom's brother has arrived. The careless boy will be punished. The laws of the land have been broken. The sweet flowers are blooming. The poor slave is crying. The boat, struck by a great wave, sank. The little child, tired of play, is sleeping. A short letter telling the good news has been sent.

Exercise 9.

Add Adjuncts to each Subject.

Birds fly. Sheep bleat. Stars are shining. Cattle are grazing. Soldiers are watching. Donkeys bray. Lightning is flashing. The sun is shining. The scholars are studying. The ploughman is whistling. Monkeys chatter. Pigs grunt. The lark is soaring. Lions roar.

ENLARGED OBJECT.

8. Objects, like Subjects, may be enlarged by Adjuncts. Thus the sentence Boys learn lessons' may, by additions to the Object, become

Boys learn the lessons.

Boys learn their lessons.

Boys learn home lessons.

Boys learn difficult lessons.

Boys learn lessons about Verbs.

Boys learn the lessons set by Mr. Edwards.

Boys learn the difficult home lessons about Verbs set by

Mr. Edwards.

Exercise 10.

Pick out the Object and its Adjuncts.

The servant dusted every room. Fred loves his sweet little sister. We have rented a house at Barmouth. He sang a song about the bailiff's daughter of Islington. We saw our neighbour's new Shetland pony. I am reading a book written by my father. The policeman caught the man accused of theft. The gardener is hoeing the potatoes planted by him in the early spring.

Exercise 11.

Add Adjuncts to each Object.

The soldiers fought battles. Mary is minding baby. Walter threw a stone. Tom broke a window. The servant swept the room. The girl is milking the cow. The dog bit the beggar. The artist painted pictures. I am expecting a letter. We have won prizes. The fire destroyed houses. The general gained a victory. The engineer made a railway. The children drowned the kittens. We have bought books. He teaches geography.

ENLARGED PREDICATE.

6

9. Predicates, like Subjects and Objects, may be enlarged by Adjuncts. Thus the sentence Boys work' may, by additions to the Predicate, become

Boys work diligently.

Boys work now.

Boys work in school.

Boys work to please their teacher.

Boys work diligently now in school to please their teacher.

Exercise 12.

Pick out Predicate and its Adjuncts.

Tom's brother will come to-morrow. The careless girl was looking off her book. The laws of the land were often broken by the rude mountaineers. Pretty flowers grow in my garden all through the spring. The poor slave was crying bitterly over the loss of his child. The corn is waving in the sun. The great bell was tolling slowly for the death of the prince. The trees are bowing before the strong wind. I am going to London with my father next week.

Exercise 13.

Add Adjuncts to each Predicate in Exercises 8-11.

VERBS OF INCOMPLETE PREDICATION.

10. Some Verbs do not convey a complete idea, and therefore cannot be Predicates by themselves. Such Verbs are called

Verbs of Incomplete Predication, and the words added to complete the Predicate are called the Complement.

a. Pick out the Verbs of Incomplete Predication and the Complements.

Thou art the man. I am he. It is good. He is here. The house is to be sold. The horse is in the stable. The gun was behind the door. Jackson is a very good gardener. Those buds will be pretty flowers. Old King Cole was a merry old soul. I'm the chief of Ulva's isle. William became King of England. The girl seems to be very happy. The general was made Emperor of Rome.

be.

b. Supply Complements. London is . . . Paris is.

. . .

He has become .

Richard became.

The boy will
He was

We are... I am....
The prisoners are . . . . The man was
Grass is.... Homer was . . . . The
The sun is . . . . The stars are . . . . The sheep were

Those birds are.

child was.