5 Grains

8 Drams make 1 Ounce zi. 12 Ounces 1 Pound Ib.

EPSOM SALTS.

Epsom salts are usually sold in ounces, at id., or two ounces for 1d., and are often supplied to country shopkeepers, done up in ounces, at a considerable increase in price.

The wholesale price of Epsom salts is, at present, 12s. per hundred weight; and they are quickly put up in ounces by a measure being cut out of a chip pill-box, to hold an ounce.

To prevent any probability of oxalic acid (which closely resembles salts in appearance), being confounded with them, both articles should be sold with printed labels.

N.B. Oxalic acid has an intensely sour taste; that of Epsom salts is not sour, but nauseous and bitter.

SENNA.

Senna leaves are largely employed as an aperient for children; they may be done up in quarter of ounce packets,-the

quantity required for a child ten years of age. The present wholesale price of good senna, which should alone be used, is 1s. per pound, which would make 64 penny packets.

N.B. Senna gripes much less if mad over night with warm, not boiling, water, and allowed to soak till morning, and its taste is entirely concealed by mixing it with black tea, milk, and sugar.

BLACK DRAUGHTS.

This very common aperient is made by soaking two ounces of senna leaves and a quarter of an ounce of sliced ginger in hot water for six or eight hours (from evening till morning), straining off the clear liquor, and dissolving in it, by the aid of heat, six ounces of Epsom salts and one ounce of liquorice, and adding, when cold, half an ounce of sal volatile, to which six drops of oil of cloves have been previously added.

Black draughts should be put up in

draught vials and tightly corked; if required to be kept for any length of time before use, it is desirable to add two ounces of tincture of senna to the above quantity.

Two ounces of senna, 2d.; six ounces of Epsom salts, 1d.; one ounce of liquorice, sal volatile, and oil of cloves, 2d. These quantities will make fourteen draughts. The bottles will cost 10d. to 1s. per dozen. Corks, 6d. to 1s. per

gross.

CASTOR OIL.

This very common medicine might be advantageously kept by many country shopkeepers; it would be most advantageously sold in bottles containing one or two ounces. The wholesale price of castor-oil is now 10d. per pound; of one or two-ounce bottles from 10s. tq 12s. a gross. The usual retail price of castor oil is 3d. an ounce without bottles.

JALAP.

Jalap is a frequent purgative (although from the violence of its action not a desirable one); it should be put up in packets of twenty grains, which are sufficient for a dose. The present wholesale price of powdered jalap is about 4s. a pound.

FLOUR OF BRIMSTONE

Is often used as a mild aperient in doses of about a quarter of an ounce, it is best taken in milk; flour of brimstone, which is also called sublimed sulphur, is generally put up in ounce packets at 1d.-its present wholesale price is 4d. per pound.

CREAM OF TARTAR Is frequently mixed with the flour of brimstone, it is also sold in ounces at 2d.; its price is rising rapidly, from the grape vine disease now prevalent; at present it may be quoted at 1s. 2d. per pound.

CAMOMILE FLOWERS. Present wholesale price, 1s. 6d. per pound; usual retail price, 2d. and 3d. per ounce.

ICELAND MOSS

May be retailed at 1d. per ounce, its wholesale price being 8d. per pound; in some parts it is largely used for making jelly.

STICKING-PLASTER-ADHESIVE-PLASTER.

Adhesive-plaster, ready spread on calico, may be purchased at 8d. per yard, and yields a large profit when retailed in small quantities. It should be kept rolled up, in a long tin case, as, if pressed, it is apt to stick together and become spoiled; in cold weather it must be kept in a moderately warm place, otherwise the plaster cracks off on unrolling.

It may be useful to know that the best mode of warming the strips of plaster to make them adhere, is by holding the plain side tightly against the outside of a jug of boiling water.

LINT.

Lint is frequently in demand: it may be sold in half ounces or ounces, but does not bear a large profit, as the wholesale price of the best is 3s. 4d. a pound, or 24d. per ounce, and it cannot be sold at more than 4d.

GINGER-BEER.

The following recipe for making a very superior ginger-beer, is taken from the celebrated treatise of Dr. Pereira, on diet. The honey gives it a peculiar softness, and from not being fermented with yeast, it is less violent in its action when opened, but requires to be kept a longer time than usual before

use.

White sugar, five pounds; lemon-juice, one quarter of a pint; honey, one quarter of a pound; ginger, bruised, five ounces; water, four gallons and a half Boil the ginger in three quarts of the water for half an hour, then add the sugar, lemon-juice, and honey, with the remainder of the water, and strain through a cloth; when cold, add a quarter

of the white of an egg, and a small teaspoonful of essence of lemon; let the whole stand four days, and bottle; this will keep many months.

This quantity will make 100 bottles; the cost being, sugar, five pounds, 2s.; lemon-juice, 2d.; honey, 3d.; best white ginger, 2d.; egg and essence of lemon, 2d.; total, 2s. 9d. Ginger-beer bottles may be obtained at the potteries at 10s. to 12s. per gross, and corks at 8d. to 18. per gross.

SEIDLITZ POWDERS.

Seidlitz Powders are usually put up in two papers. The larger blue paper contains tartarized soda (also called Rochelle salt) two drams, and carbonate of soda two scruples; in practice it will be found more convenient to mix the two materials in larger quantity by passing them twice through a sieve, and then divide the mixture either by weight or measure, than to make each powder separately. One pound of tartarized soda, at 1s. 2d. per pound, and five ounces and a half of carbonate of soda, at 4d per pound, will make sixty powders. The smaller powder, usually put up in white paper, consists of tartaric acid, at 2s. per pound, half a dram.

Directions for use.—. -Dissolve the contents of blue paper in half a tumbler of cold water, stir in the other powder, and drink during effervescence.

SODA WATER POWDERS. A pleasant, cooling, summer drink. The blue paper contains carbonate of soda, thirty grains. The white paper, Tartaric acid, twenty-five grains.

Directions.-Dissolve the contents of the blue paper in half a tumbler of water, stir in the other powder, and drink during effervescence.

Soda powders furnish a saline beverage which is very slightly laxative, and well calculated to allay the thirst in hot weather.

One pound of carbonate of soda, 4d.; and thirteen ounces and a half of Tartaric acid, at 2s. per pound, supply the materials for 256 powders of each sort.

Usual retail price, 1d. for the two powders required for a draught.

LEMON AND KALI, OR SHERBET.

Large quantities of this wholesome and refreshing preparation are manufactured and consumed every summer; it is sold in bottles, and also as a beverage, made by dissolving a large teaspoonful in a tumbler two-thirds filled with water.

Ground white sugar, 7d. to Sd. per pound, half a pound; Tartaric acid, at 2s. per pound; carbonate of soda, at 4d. per pound; of each a quarter of a pound; essence of lemon, at 8d. per ounce, forty drops. All the powders should be well dried; add the essence to the sugar, then the other powders; stir all together, and mix by passing twice through a hair-sieve.

Must be kept in tightly-corked bottles, into which a damp spoon must not be inserted.

All the materials may be obtained at a wholesale druggist's. The sugar must be ground, as, if merely powdered, the coarser parts remain undissolved.

GINGER-BEER POWDERS. Blue paper.-Carbonate of soda, thirty grains; powdered ginger, five grains ground white sugar, one drachm to one drachm and a half; essence of lemon, one drop; add the essence to the sugar, then the other ingredients. A quantity should be mixed and divided, as recommended for seidlitz powders.

White paper.-Tartaric acid, thirty grains.

Directions.-Dissolve the contents of the blue paper in water; stir in the contents of the white paper, and drink during effervescence.

Ginger-beer powders do not meet with such an extensive sale as lemon and kali, the powdered ginger rendering the liquid slightly turbid.

CARBONATE OF SODA

Is in constant demand, in small quantities, as ounces. Its present price is about 4d. per pound, which would permit it to be sold at 1d. per ounce, at a large profit.

TARTARIC ACID.

Is often used by persons who make their

own soda powders; it should be done up in ounce packets; its price is 2s. a pound, usual retail price, 2d. or 3d. per ounce. i

When packed in paper, it should be kept in a dry place.

TOOTH POWDERS. CAMPHORATED DENTIFRICE. - Prepared chalk, one pound; camphor, one or two drams. The camphor must be finely powdered by moistening it with a little spirits of wine, and then intimately mixed with the chalk. Prepared chalk will cost about 6d., the camphor less than 1d. The present price of camphor is under 3s. per pound.

MYRRH DENTIFRICE. Powdered cuttle fish, one pound; powdered myrrh, two ounces. Cuttle fish is 1s. 8d. per pound, powdered myrrh 3s. 6d. per pound.

ROSE LIP SALVE.

No. 1-Oil of almonds, three ounces, alkanet, half an ounce. Let them stand together in a warm place until the oil is coloured, then strain. Melt one ounce and a half of white wax, and half an ounce of spermaceti with the oil, stir till it begins to thicken, and add twelve drops of otto of roses.

No. 2-White wax, one ounce; almond oil, two ounces; alkanet, one dram; digest in a warm place till sufficiently coloured, strain, and stir in six drops of otto of roses. White wax, 2s. 2d. per pound; almond oil, 1s. 6d. per pound; alkanet root, 6d. to 8d.; otto of roses, 2s. 6d. per dram. Lip salve is usually put up in small covered pots, and sold at 6d.

COLD CREAM.

No. 1-Oil of almonds, one pound; white wax, four ounces. Melt together gently in an earthen vessel, and when nearly cold stir in gradually twelve ounces of rose water.

No. 2.-White wax and spermaceti, of each half an ounce: oil of almonds, four ounces; orange flower water, two ounces. Mix as directed for No. 1.

The wholesale price of almond oil is 1s. 6d. per pound; white wax, 2s. 2d.

per pound; spermaceti, 2s. per pound; rose and orange flower waters, 6d. to 1s. per pint.

CAMPHOR BALLS TO PREVENT CHAPS.

Melt three drams of spermaceti, four drams of white wax, with one ounce of almond oil, and stir in three drams of camphor (previously powdered by moistening it with a little spirits of wine); pour small quantities into small gallipots, so as to turn out in the form of cakes.

Spermaceti, 2s. per pound; white wax, 2s. 2d. per pound; almond oil, 1s. 6d. per pound; camphor, 2s. 8d. per pound.

HAIR OILS.

ROSE OIL-Olive oil, one pint (1s.); otto of roses, five to sixteen drops (2s. 6d. per dram). Essence of bergamot being much cheaper, 1s. per ounce, is usually used instead of the expensive otto of roses.

RED ROSE OIL.-The same. The oil coloured before scenting, by steeping in it one dram of alkanet root with a gentle heat, until the desired tint is produced.

Alkanet root, 6d. to 8d. per pound.
POMATUMS.

For making pomatums, the lard, fat, suet, or marrow used, must be carefully prepared by being melted with as gentle a heat as possible, skimmed, strained, and cleared from the dregs which are deposited on standing.

COMMON POMATUM. Mutton suet, prepared as above, one pound; lard, three pounds; carefully inelted together, and stirred constantly as it cools, two ounces of bergamot being added.

HARD POMATUM. Lard and mutton suet carefully pre

pared, of each one pound; white wax, four ounces; essence of bergamot, one

ounce.

Cost: lard, 1s. per pound; suet, 6d. per pound; white wax, 2s. 2d. per pound; essence of bergamot, 1s. per

ounce.

CASTOR OIL POMADE. Castor oil, four ounces; prepared lard, two ounces; white wax, two drams; bergamot, two drams; oil of lavender, twenty drops. Melt the fat together, and on cooling add the scents, and stir till cold.

Cost of castor oil, 10d. per pound; lard, 11d.; white wax, 2s. 2d. per pound; bergamot, 1s. an ounce.

COMPOUNDS TO PROMOTE THE GROWTH OF HAIR.

When the hair falls off from diminished action of the scalp, preparations of cantharides often prove useful; they are sold under the names of Dupuytren's Pomade, Cazenaze's Pomade, &c.

The following directions are as good as any of the more complicated recipes :

POMADE AGAINST BALDNESS. Beef marrow, soaked in several waters, melted and strained, half a pound; tincture of cantharides (made by soaking for a week one dram of powdered cantharides in one ounce of proof spirit), one ounce ; oil of bergamot, twelve drops.

Powdered cantharides, 8d. per ounce; bergamot, 1s. per ounce.

ERASMUS WILSON'S LOTION

AGAINST BALDNESS.

Eau de Cologne, two ounces; tincture of cantharides, two drams; oil of lavender or rosemary, of each ten drops.

These applications must be used once or twice a day for a considerable time; but if the scalp become sore, they must be discontinued for a time, or used at longer intervals.

BANDOLINE OR FIXATURE. Several preparations are used, the following are stated to be the best :

No. 1-Mucilage of clean picked Irish moss,made by boiling a quarter of an ounce of the moss in one quart of water until sufficiently thick, rectified spirit in the proportion of a tea spoonful to each bottle, to prevent its being mildewed. The quantity of spirit varies according to the time it requires to be kept.

Irish moss, 3d. to 4d. per pound.

No. 2. Gum Tragacanth, one dram and a-half; water, half a pint; proof spirit (made by mixing equal parts of rectified spirit and water), three ounces; otto of roses, ten drops; soak for twenty-four hours, and strain.

Cost: Tragacanth, 3s. 6d. per pound; rectified spirit, 2s. 6d. per pint; otto of roses, 2s. 6d. per dram. Bergamot, at 1s. per ounce, may be substituted for the otto of roses.

HAIR DYES.

The hair dyes formerly used produced very objectionable tints. Latterly several perfumers have been selling dyes, consisting of two liquids to be used in succession, at exceedingly high prices, such as 7s., 14s., and 21s. a

case.

The composition has been kept a close secret in the hands of a few. The procuring of it for publication in this work has been attended with considerable difficulty, but our readers may take it as an earnest that no pains or expense will be spared to render the information given in the successive editions on a par with the latest scientific discoveries.

HAIR DYE, USUALLY STYLED CoLOMBIAN, ARGENTINE, ETC., ETC.-Solution No. I. Hydrosulphuret of ammonia, one ounce; solution of potash, three drams; distilled, or rain-water, one ounce (all by measure). Mix, and put into small bottles, labelling it No. I.

Solution No. II.-Nitrate of silver, one dram; distilled, or rain-water, two ounces. Dissolve and label No. II.

Directions.-The solution No. I. is first applied to the hair with a toothbrush, and the application continued for fifteen or twenty minutes. The solution No. II. is then brushed over, a comb being used to separate the hairs, and