The garden consists of about three and a half acres, and has been operated entirely by the inmates of the Institution. The following statement by our Gardener, furnished at my request, will indicate the value of this department:

Some early turnips, artichokes and Japan peas. The late turnips will probably be considerable.

At retail market prices, the whole would be worth about $580, as nearly as can be calculated.

A full supply of garden seeds of all kinds is secured in good order for next year, excepting some onion sets and a few of the smaller seeds.

The greater part of the labor performed in the garden this autumn, is prospective in its benefits-spading up, smoothing off, and preparing the ground for early spring use.

The slips of grape planted spring before last, were killed last winter, and all old vines were so much injured that new slips could not be obtained with which to replace them. This should be attended to next spring.

The old grape vines on the line of the centre walk will need support next season, and this could be supplied in a manner to secure the greatest beauty to the garden, by constructing an arched arbor for them. As I abhor idleness, and have taken some interest in out-door matters here, I hope that if I am to remain during the winter, the lumber will be supplied with which to construct it. F. L."

One other of our most important operations has been to paint the roof of the central building, which had never been painted, and that of the front halls, which needed re-painting greatly.

Another of our industrial operations that conduces greatly to the good appearance of house and halls within, is the painting and papering of the offices in the central building, and some of the front halls for the patients. The offices have been painted in imitation of oak, and the remainder white, except the doors and base. The doors are all in imitation of oak, and the white being of the beautiful zinc paint, a very fine and pleasing effect is produced.

The painting of the offices was done by persons employed, and cost $30 beside the materials. The remainder of all our painting has cost nothing except for the materials, having been done within ourselves entirely, and to a very great extent by patients. These have been thus very pleasantly and profitably employed, all having improved and some recovered whilst thus engaged. It is proposed to continue this improvement without interruption until the principal part of the central building and all the front halls are thus completely renovated, if it meet your sanction. It is very desirable indeed that it should also be continued through the verandahs and wing halls; but a little delay can be more easily endured there than elsewhere.

Of other industrial operations of the Asylum, it is perhaps needless to speak, except that of the sewing department. In this, much has been accomplished, as the fol owing few specifications will testify. It was decided, immediately upon coming into the Institution, to abolish the existing practice of purchasing readymade clothing, and to buy material and manufacture within ourselves. This course has been very satisfactory in its results. The clothing is cheaper and more durable. One of our wants, however, which I will now mention, is in this connection. It is one or two good sewing machines. These would aid us greatly in this department.

There have been manufactured in the sewing room and halls, since July 1st, besides a great number of articles of minor character and importance, 36 coats, 91 pairs of pants, 35 vests, 120 shirts, 150 chemises, 74 skirts, 82 dresses, 189 sheets, 168 pillow-cases, 78 bed-ticks, 154 comforts, 50 cravats, 71 towels, 12 bonnets, 13 table-cloths, 28 sacks, 19 table napkins, etc., etc.

WANTS OF THE ASYLUM.

It is matter of regret that under this head I shall be compelled to dwell at length, and to bring to your consideration so many different subjects. This Institution has for many years been a favorite one of the State, and has justly gratified our State pride, and satisfied much of the demand that humanity has made upon the spirit of public beneficence. But there is no period of rest in reference to adopting the ways and means of accomplishing the great end of such institutions. Perfection is never attained even with constant effort. If we rest upon our oars we are sure to go down the stream, instead of "upward and onward."

A candid consideration of our condition and comparison with that of other institutions, will satisfy us that for some reason we are dropping behind the age, and excite a fear that we are running down in the scale of excellence in this department.

OF OUR BUILDING.

Although excellent in the general arrangement, and not excelled, if equaled in some of its features by any institution in the country, yet there are a few particulars in which it is defective, and to which I wish to direct your attention.

The parlors or sitting-rooms connected with the several halls are entirely too small, having been procured, as before stated, in referring to the capacity, by the conversion of two of the small bed-rooms to that use, making a room ten by sixteen feet in size, for an average of twenty patients. Each hall should have, if it were possible, a large, convenient, and pleasantly situated sitting-room, for social intercourse, reading, and for many varieties of in-door amusements or employ

ments.

There is a deficiency in the infirmary or hospital arrangements for the sick. All such cases are now necessarily left in the halls, where the noise and excitements of other patients do much harm, and where adequate attention to the other patients is incompatible with due attention to the sick. The importance of having some other arrangement for the sick induced one of my predecessors to ask for an appropriation with which to build a separate Infirmary, and the legislature appropriated towards that purpose the sum of $6,000 This sum was considered so far inadequate that fifty dollars only of it was expended, and that in procuring plans. With due deference to the opinion of this predecessor, I must express my belief that his plan of a separate and distant infirmary building was neither the most economical nor the most judicious for many reasons. The hospital halls should have comparative retirement and quiet, but should be in direct communication with the principal building, that patients may be easily transferred to and from them

and that all the attentions of physicians and nurses may be the more easily rendered.

One of the most important means of moral treatment of the insane is judicious classification and association. The means for classification are too limited in this Asylum. The number and arrangement of halls admits of but six classes, while nearly all the best institutions of the country have nine, and some of them more. Nine has been considered as the least number that should exist in any large institution. The evil effects of placing a patient with certain peculiarities of thought and behavior in close association with others, easily influenced, are daily observed, while an impossibility of correcting the evil exists from want of greater facilities of classification and division. All these matters, however, involve in their correction such expenditures that I am not disposed at this time to press them. My object in naming them being this, that you may give them mature thought and deliberation. I propose, however, to give you at no very distant day, some plans for their accomplishment eventually, not venturing to hope for that end at this time.

SUPPLIES OF WATER.

An abundance of water in such an institution is indispensable. Our arrangements, therefor, are very imperfect, troublesome, and expensive. Much of the time during the past summer it has been necessary to economize its use carefully, and a portion of the time it has been necessary to carry it into all parts of the house by hand.

Our pump is a small cylinder, single action pump, with pipes of only two inches diameter. It is moved by a steam engine, and when in good order, it will lift water at about the rate of 1,000 gallons per hour. Our consumption of water is sometimes nearly double that amount per hour. It has repeatedly been the case that with the pump working at its maximum rate, and with the tank full in the start, it has been exhausted in the course of five or six hours. This indicates a consumption of about 2,000 gallons per hour, at certain periods. The pump has, therefore, to be kept in motion the entire day, requiring a large consumption of fuel.

To remedy these evils, we should have tanks for the supply of the building of an aggregate capacity of not less than 15,000 gallons; now having only 5,000, with a new pump of much greater power. The latter being immediately indispensable. With the sanction of a portion of the Board I have contracted for one of "Wilson's Steam Pumps," manufactured in Cincinnati, and which is expected to be put in operation in a few days. This pump is warranted to run well for one year, and to throw at its maximum rate 17,000 gallons per hour, or at slow, ordinary working speed, from 5,000 to 10,000 gallons. Other inducements for the selection of this pump were found in its simplicity, its working without the use of the steam engine, and its being in itself an excellent fire engine. The latter qualification is of much importance in the absence of all other arrangements for extinguishing fires.

The cost of the pump itself will be $325. That of the necessary attachments will be according to circumstances, now unknown, but certainly not large.

Whether our well will supply all the demands now contemplated to be made upon it, is yet to be tested. It has been unfailing thus far, and circumstances justify the hope that it will meet all our additional requirements. It is in contemplation, however, to dig another well more immediately in connection with the machinery; but this has not yet been decided upon.

STABLE AND OUT-BUILDINGS.

One of the present, most indispensable wants of the Institution is a new barn, with all its accompaniments of stabling for horses and cows, carriage-housing,

sheds, granaries, piggery, benery, etc. The old barn, which undoubtedly answered its purpose well when built, nearly twenty years ago, is a wooden structure, at this time in a state of complete dilapidation; and it is with much regret that we are compelled to use it for even another winter.

A new structure, of stone and brick, ample in its arrangements for all requisite purposes, well supplied with water, and for various reasons placed in a new and more distant locality, it is hoped will be authorized to be built early in the ensuing

season.

ENCLOSURE.

A very considerable portion of the ground is still enclosed by an ordinary rail "worm fence," which subjects us to many annoyances. An enclosure more protective in its character is much needed. It is desirable to prevent both encroachments and elopements. To accomplish these purposes, I would suggest the same kind of close board fence around the remainder of the grounds that now exists in part, and planting a hedge of the Osage Orange on the inside of the entire enclosure. I have little confidence in the practical utility of the hedge alone as a means of enclosure, but as a barrier, combined with the board fence, and also as an ornament in hiding the latter, it can be relied upon.

AIRING COURTS OR YARDS.

An important feature in good institutions, in my estimation, and found connected with nearly all others, is entirely wanting in ours. It is out-door airing courts or yards of moderate extent, well enclosed, having shaded walks and seats, into which separate classes of patients can be sent, and left to roam and exercise at will upon the grassy turf or "ground." This is a privilege called for every day by some of the patients, and the strength, and reasonable nature of which desire, few can appreciate without long confinement within doors.

It is true that we have spacious verandahs, admirable in the winter season, of an extent and character probably unequaled in America, yet they do not answer all purposes. In mild seasons, when the air is pleasantly warm, or pleasantly cool, there is a craving to inhale it in its freshness and freedom, and to walk upon the "ground," to plant the feet upon the "mother earth." This feeling can often be gratified by means of these courts, when, without them, it must be denied. There are some patients so violent that very little freedom can be given them within doors; there are some who wish, sometimes, to have greater privacy, and be relieved from the constant surveilance of an attendant; others who, in states of excitement, need ample room for unrestrained action, which, if permitted, soon. evaporates; and for all these, there is no place like a good airing court.

If built, they should have immediate connection with the wing halls, with as much privacy as possible, and so situated as not to be overlooked from any of the halls, if possible.

WORKSHOPS.

No institution can be considered as approaching completeness without having every reasonable device for giving constant occupation of a pleasant and agreeable nature to the minds and hands of every patient. Nothing tends more fully to their restoration than constant, unremitting employment of the mind upon subjects foreign to their hallucinations. A constant devotion of the mind to any one subject, often produces insanity, and when left undiverted from those hallucinations they become more deeply and permanently rooted.

Workshops for a variety of mechanical operations are found in most other institutions, got up for the benefit of patients. Some more and some less. Ours has none! That at Utica has a printing office, at which is printed the Journal of Insanity, and the Opal, a monthly magazine, besides every variety of printing needed by the institution. There is also a book-bindery of considerable extent, where the patients do all the work. There are also cabinet shops, turning lathes, tailor and shoe making shops, etc. Other institutions are similarly provided, but what have we? Absolutely nothing! Not even a shoe bench, where a shoe ripped open with its two week's use can be made as good as new, but for the want of this provision is tossed aside with its hundreds of predecessors, while some poor patient, for the want of this occupation in repairing it, is left in the halls to brood over, and thus perpetuate his insanity.

It is true that there are many difficulties in getting the insane into regular and systematic habits of employment, but if difficulties are to be shunned and avoided when met, how much would be accomplished in any department of duty?

One of our similar wants, independent of any consideration touching the patients, is a good carpenter shop of ample dimensions, and in which can be introduced certain operations by steam power, as ripping, sawing, turning, morticing, &c. There is an admirable location for such a shop as I consider, immediately over the wood shed. This would be convenient, could be easily and cheaply constructed, and is exactly where the power could be most easily obtained.

It would be very desirable to have this constructed at as early a day as possible.

OUR LIBRARY.

In an institution of eighteen years of prosperous growth, fostered and sustained by State munificence, having absorbed in its growth and sustenance to this time nearly one million of dollars, established for the repair of disabled minds and shattered intellects, all would infer that by this time it would be in possession of an ample library, as one of the best agencies in accomplishing its end,-not only an extensive collection of miscellaneous books for the diversion of the minds of patients, but full and ample collections on the subject of insanity, on the profession of medicine, jurisprudence, and the general sciences.

It is with shame and mortification that I am compelled to report it to be so meagre in all these departments. In examining the reports of former years, I find that as many as ten years since, there were over 600 volumes in the library, and that it was then the practice to make yearly appropriations to increase the number. Now the entire miscellaneous library comprises less than 275 volumes. Those in any manner touching the subject of insanity, number 31 volumes. Those on medical and scientific subjects, 37 volumes. They are all old, and most of them have little value. Not a single one of those in the departments of insanity, medicine, or science, has been written in the present decade, or since the year 1850. There is not a full collection of the reports of a single Lunatic Asylum in this country. There is not now a single bound volume of our own reports, nor have I yet found a full set of them unbound.

As to journals, magazines and other periodical literature, we are about destitute, except in the reception of certain gratuities, which are for this reason the more valued. The Journal of Insanity and one weekly paper are the only ones subscribed for by the institution.

It is unnecessary to urge the attention of your honorable body to the wants of this department. The bare statement of its condition is certainly amply sufficient, and I express my own feeling when I say that the knowledge of it, should mantle with shame the cheek of any citizen of Ohio.