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upon his ignorance.

own ground, and show him that his objections are the objections of

The principal abbreviations employed in this work are :—

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The names of other authors have generally been given in full.

A list of the abbreviations used by Pool in his "Synopsis" is subjoined :

AUTHORS.

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Gen. i. 14, 15, 17, that which is distended, expanded, (from 7), the expanse of heaven, i. e., the arch or vault, of heaven, which, as to mere sense, appears to rest on the earth, as a hollow hemisphere. The Hebrews seem to have considered it as transparent like a crystal or sapphire (Ezek. i. 22; Dan. xii. 3; Exod. xxiv. 10; Rev. iv. 6); hence different

Boothroyd.-2 And the earth was desolate and waste, &c. Bayly, Geddes.—Was yet a desolate from the brazen and iron heaven of the place, &c. Homeric mythology. Over this arch they

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Ver. 8-13.

Gesenius.—A (for, of the segol form, supposed were the waters of heaven (Gen. as, hence accented Milel, i. e., on the i. 7; vii. 11; Ps. civ. 3; cxlviii. 4). penultima). Root in Chald., to be LXX. σтeрéwμa. Vulgate, firmamentum. motionless, confounded, desolate. (Comp. Luther, Veste. Dep); whence, desert. Arab. empty. Syr. 2, idem, abbreviated from, 1. As substantive the state of being waste. emptiness, Gen. i. 2. Job xxvi. 7; a desert. solitude, Deut. xxxii. 10. Job vi. 18.

تهي

i, m. subst. a waste, uninhabited place, wilderness, for (after the form 7p), Root, in Arabic, to be empty, waste, of a house. It is always combined with wa, Gen. i. 2; Jer. iv. 23; Isa. xxxiv. 11.

And the Spirit of God, &c. Onkelos and the old Jewish interpreters take mas ventus Dei, i. e., ventus a Deo immissus; others as ventus vehemens; these interpretations are justly rejected by Rosenmüller, and the best modern critics.

Moved. The primary meaning of in the Arabic is mollis fuit; hence Rosenmüller

8 καὶ ἐκάλεσεν ὁ θεὸς τὸ στερέωμα, οὐpavóv. kaì eidev ó beòs, őtɩ kadóv. kai éyéveto ἑσπέρα, καὶ ἐγένετο πρωΐ, ἡμέρα δευτέρα. ? kai elev ó beds, σvvaɣentw Tо vôWP TO ὑποκάτω τοῦ οὐρανοῦ εἰς συναγωγὴν μίαν, καὶ ὀφθήτω ἡ ξηρά· καὶ ἐγένετο οὕτως. καὶ συνήχθη Tò vowp тò vпокáтw тоû оúpavoû eis ràs σvvaywyàs avтwv, kai ☎pen ʼn Enpá. 10 καὶ ἐκάλεσεν ὁ θεὸς τὴν ξηρὰν, γῆν, καὶ τὰ συστήματα τῶν ὑδάτων ἐκάλεσε θαλάσσας· καὶ εἶδεν ὁ θεὸς, ὅτι καλόν.

Au. Ver.-8 And God called the firmament Heaven. And the evening and the morning were the second day.

9 And God said, Let the waters under the heaven be gathered together unto one place, and let the dry land appear: and it was so.

10 And God called the dry land Earth;

B

Au. Ver.—4 These are the generations of the heavens and of the earth when they were created, in the day that the LORD God made the earth and the heavens.

and the gathering together of the waters ὅτε ἐγένετο. ᾗ ἡμέρᾳ ἐποίησε κύριος ὁ θεὸς
called he Seas : and God saw that it was good. τὸν οὐρανὸν καὶ τὴν γῆν. 5 καὶ πᾶν χλωρὸν
Ken.The Divine approbation being ex- ἀγροῦ πρὸ τοῦ γενέσθαι ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, καὶ
pressed once, as to the parts of the creation πάντα χόρτον ἀγροῦ πρὸ τοῦ ἀνατεῖλαι· οὐ
upon the first, fourth, fifth, and sixth days; γὰρ ἔβρεξεν ὁ θεὸς ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν, καὶ ἄνθρωπος
not at all on the second day, and twice on the οὐκ ἦν ἐργάζεσθαι αὐτήν. 6 πηγὴ δὲ ἀνέ-
third : there can scarce be doubt, but that here βαινεν ἐκ τῆς γῆς, καὶ ἐπότιζε πᾶν τὸ πρόσω
is now some mistake. The regular order will wπOV TÊS YÊS.
be restored, by admitting a transposition ;
and by allowing-either, that the latter part
of verse 8 (and the evening and the morning
were the second day) originally closed the
10th verse-or, that the latter part of ver. 10
(and God saw that it was good) originally
belonged to ver. 8. And there (in ver. 8)
the words are found in the Greek version;
though they are also, in the present Greek
copies, at ver. 10; and probably, in one of
the two places, the Greek has been assimilated
to the corrupted Hebrew. See my General
Dissertation, page 35. The preceding ob-
servation is founded on a remark, inserted
by the late learned Archbishop Secker in the
margin of his Hebrew Bible.

CHAP. II. 2.

-

5 And every plant of the field before it was in the earth, and every herb of the field before it grew for the LORD God had not caused it to rain upon the earth, and there was not a man to till the ground.

6 But there went up a mist from [or, a mist which went up from, &c.] the earth, and watered the whole face of the ground.

Rosenmüller and Schumann.-4

These

are the generations of the heavens and of
the earth when they were created: In the
day that the Lord God made the heavens
and the earth,

5 No shrub of the field was yet in the

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nipps inpsby earth, and no herb of the field had yet

καὶ κατέπαυσε τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ ἑβδόμῃ ἀπὸ πάντων τῶν ἔργων αὐτοῦ, ὧν ἐποίησε.

Au. Ver.-2 And on the seventh day God ended his work which he had made; and he rested on the seventh day from all his work which he had made.

Ken.-2 And on the sixth day God ended his work which he had made, &c. Following the Samaritan text, with LXX, and Syriac versions. 1, which stands for six, might easily have been changed into 1, which de

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nondum.

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Au. Ver. And the gold of that land is good: there is bdellium and the onyx stone.

Gesen.- m. Gen. ii. 12: Numb. xi. 7. According to Symm. Theod. in Num., the Vulgate in both passages, and Josephus, Bdellium, Booλxov, i. e., an odoriferous rosin, which is transparent and like wax, the produce of a tree growing in Arabia, India, and Media, perhaps the vine-palm (Borassus flabelliformis, Linn.) According to LXX.

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Au. Ver.-19 And out of the ground the

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,LORD God formed every beast of the field פְּנֵי הָאֲדָמָה :

and every fowl of the air; and brought

ה' זעירא .4 .v

TIT

4 αὕτη ἡ βίβλος γενέσεως οὐρανοῦ καὶ γῆς, them unto Adam to see what he would call

living creature, that was the name thereof.

them: and whatsoever Adam called every | περίλυπος ἐγένου, καὶ ἵνα τί συνέπεσε τὸ πρόσωπόν σου ; 7 οὐκ ἐὰν ὀρθῶς προσενέγκης, ὀρθῶς δὲ μὴ διέλης, ἥμαρτες; ἡσύχασον. πρὸς σὲ ἡ ἀποστροφὴ αὐτοῦ. καὶ σὺ ἄρξεις avrov.

20 And Adam gave names to all cattle, and to the fowl of the air, and to every beast of the field; but for Adam there was not found an help meet for him.

Au. Ver.-6 And the LORD said unto
Rosen. And out of the ground the Lord Cain, Why art thou wroth? and why is thy
God had formed, &c., &c.
countenance fallen?

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7 If thou doest well, shalt thou not be accepted? [or, have the excellency? Heb. xi. 4.] and if thou doest not well, sin lieth at the door. And unto thee [or, subject unto thee, ch. iii. 16.] shall be his desire, and thou shalt rule over him.

There are many versions of this passage, none of which are very satisfactory. The following three are quoted by Dr. Geddes :

1. That of the Septuagint.-If thou have rightly offered, yet have not rightly distinguished, hast thou not sinned? Be quiet, &c., &c.

2. That of the Vulgate, followed by the greater part of modern interpreters.-If thou do well, shalt thou not be accepted? but if thou do not well, shall not sin lie at

καὶ ἔσεσθε ὡς θεοὶ, γινώσκοντες καλὸν καὶ the door? Yet the lust of it shall be under πονηρόν.

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επικατάρατος ἡ γῆ ἐν τοῖς ἔργοις σου. Au. Ver.-17 And unto Adam he said, Because thou hast hearkened unto the voice of thy wife, and hast eaten of the tree, of which I commanded thee, saying, Thou shalt not eat of it; cursed is the ground for thy sake. St. Jerome read 772, In opere tuo, Cursed is the ground in thy labour.-Ken.

thee, and thou shalt be able to control it.

3. That of Le Clerc, &c., combined out of the two preceding.-If thou behave well, shalt thou not retain thy dignity? but if thou behave ill, is not sin at the door? Be quiet, and he (thy brother) will be submissive to thee, and thou shalt have dominion over him.

Ged.-Doth not one if he have done well, look up, but look down if he have not done well? Hast thou sinned? be quiet! He (thy brother) is still subordinate to thee, and thou hast dominion over him.

Booth. Is there not, if thou doest well, acceptance, and if not well, a sin-offering lying at the door? Still to thee shall he be in subjection, and thou shalt rule over him. Gesenius and Schumann, however, ren

R. 900, LXX., Symm.-T. Hæc der by desire, both here and in lectio non plane repudianda, minime tamen necessaria est.-Schum.

CHAP. IV. 6, 7.

chap. iii.

7. Rosen.-Nonne si recte feceris, elevatio faciei tuæ esset tibi? Si tibi bene esses conscius, non ita dejecto esses animo et vultu. Si vero male egeris, ante fores pec

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atumn jacet, h.e. statim se prodet, non celari לָךְ וְלָמָּה נָפְלוּ פָנֶיךָ: וּ הֲלוֹא אִם־ -potest, vel etiam: prava concupiscentia in מֵיטִיב שְׂאֵת וְאִם לֹא תֵיטִיב לַפֶּתַח

tu dominaberis ei, tuum est illi ; חַטָאת לְבֵץ וְאֵלֶיךָ תְּשׁוּקָתוֹ וְאַתָּה

JT

sidiatur tibi. Et ad te appetitus ejus, sc. pec-
cati, sed

in dominari, non sinere te ab eo vinci, i. e.,
iva Ti resistere ei debes. Peccatum tanquam

6 καὶ εἶπε κύριος ὁ θεὸς τῷ Κάϊν.

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