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Clauses of this kind are subject to the same rules, that have been given under Absolute and Antithetic Emphasis, when applied to single words.

Absolute Emphatic Clause.
(See Rule 1, page 18.)

EXAMPLES.

Heaven and earth will witness,

If Rome must fall, we are innocent.

Could we but climb where Moses stood,

And view the landscape o'er,

Not Jordan's stream, nor DEATH'S COLD FLOOD
Should fright us from the shore.

Absolute Emphatic Clause Repeated.

(See Rule 3, page 19.)

EXAMPLES.

What was it, fellow-citizens, which gave to Lafayette his spotless fame? The love of liberty. What has consecrated his memory, in the hearts of good men? The love of liberty. What nerved his youthful arm with strength, and inspired him, in the morning of his days, with sagacity and counsel? THE LIVING LOVE OF LIBERTY. To what did he sacrifice power, and rank, and country, and freedom itself? TO THE LOVE OF LIBERTY PROTECTED BY LAW.

Antithetic Emphatic Clause.
(See Rule 4, page 20.)

EXAMPLES.

If these alone

Assist our flight, fame's flight is glory's fall.

I came not to baptize, but to preach the gospel.*

NOTE. In each of the following exercises, appended to the several general divisions of Part First, as miscellaneous, a part of each is marked to illustrate the rule to which reference is made, or to call the pupil's special attention to some important point in elocution; while the rest of the exercise is left without marks, to exercise the judg ment of the learner.

* A phrase is sometimes contrasted with a single word.

QUESTIONS. By what rules is Emphatic Clause governed? What three kinds of Emphatic Clause are given?

EXERCISES ON EMPHASIS.

Exercise 1- Illustrating Rule 1, Page 18.

1. As I crossed the bridge over the Avon on my return, I paused to contemplate the distant church in which Shakspeare lies buried, and could not but exult in the malediction which has kept his ashes undisturbed in its quiet and hallowed vaults.

2. What honor could his name have derived from being mingled, in dusty companionship with the epitaphs, and escutcheons, and venal eulogiums of a titled multitude? What would a crowded corner in Westminster Abbey have been, compared with this reverend pile, which seems to stand in beautiful loneliness as his sole mausoleum! The solicitude about the grave may be but the offspring of an over-wrought sensibility; but human nature is made up of foibles and prejudices; and its best and tenderest affections are mingled with these factitious feelings.

3. He who has sought renown about the world, and has reaped a full harvest of worldly favor, will find, after all, that there is no love, no admiration, no applause, so sweet to the soul as that which springs up in his native place. It is there that he seeks to be gathered in peace and honor, among his kindred and his early friends. And when the weary heart and the failing head begin to warn him that the evening of life is drawing on, he turns as fondly as does the infant to its mother's arms, to sink to sleep in the bosom of the scene of his childhood.

4. How would it have cheered the spirit of the youthful bard, when, wandering forth in disgrace upon a doubtful world, he cast back a heavy look upon his paternal home, could he have foreseen, that, before many years, he should return to it covered with renown; that his name would become

the boast and the glory of his native place; that his ashes would be religiously guarded as its most precious treasure; and that its lessening spire, on which his eyes were fixed in tearful contemplation, would one day become the beacon, towering amidst the gentle landscape, to guide the literary pilgrim of every nation to his tomb.

Exercise 2

Illustrating Rule 1, Page 18.

1. My brave associates!-partners of my toil, my feelings, and my fame! Can Rolla's words add vigor to the virtuous energies which inspire your hearts?-No; you have judged, as I have, the foulness of the crafty plea by which these bold invaders would delude you. Your generous spirit has compared, as mine has, the motives which, in a war like this, can animate their minds and ours. They, by a strange frenzy driven, fight for power, for plunder, and extended rule; we, for our country, our altars, and our homes. They follow an adventurer whom they fear, and obey a power which they we serve a monarch whom we love. a God whom

hate;
we adore.

2. Whenever they move to anger, desolation tracks their progress. Whenever they pause in amity, affliction mourns their friendship. They boast they come but to improve our state, enlarge our thoughts, and free us from the yoke of error. Yes; they they will give enlightened freedom to our minds, who are themselves the slaves of passion, avarice, and pride! They offer us their protection. Yes; such protection as vultures give to lambs, covering and devouring them! They call on us to barter all of good we have inherited and proved, for the desperate chance of something better which they promise. Be our plain answer this: The throne we honor, is the people's choice; the laws we reverence, are our brave fathers' legacy; the faith we follow, teaches us to live in bonds of charity with all mankind, and die with the hope of bliss beyond the grave. Tell your invaders this, and tell them, too, we seek no change; and, least of all, such a change as they would bring us.

Exercise 3-Illustrating Rule 4, Page 20.

1. Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in retired privacy; for ornament, in discourse; and for ability, in the arrangement and disposition of business; for expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but general councils, and the plots and marshaling of affairs, come best from the learned.

2. To spend too much time in studies, is sloth; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation; to form one's judgment wholly by their rules, is the humor of a scholar. They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience; for natural abilities are like natural plants, and need pruning by study; and studies, themselves, give forth directions too much at large, unless they are hedged in by experience.

3. Crafty men contemn studies; simple men admire, and wise men use them; for they teach not their own use; but there is a wisdom without them and above them, won by observation. Read not to contradict and confute; nor to believe or take for granted; nor to find matter merely for conversation; but to weigh and consider.

4. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is, some books are to be only glanced at, others are to be read, but not critically; and some few are to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention. Some books, also, may be read by deputy, and extracts received from them which are made by others; but they should be only the meaner sort of books, and the less important arguments of those which are better; otherwise, distilled books are, like common distilled waters, flashy things.

5. Reading makes a full man; conversation, a rcady man; and writing, an exact man. Therefore, if a man write little, he needs a great memory; if he converse little, he wants a present wit; and if he read little, he ought to have much cunning, that he may seem to know what he does not. History makes men wise; poetry makes them witty; mathematics, subtle; natural philosophy, deep; moral philosophy,

grave; logic and rhetoric, able to contend; nay, there is no obstruction to the human faculties but what may be overcome by proper studies.

Exercise 4-Illustrating Rule 4, Page 20.

1. Like other tyrants, death delights to smite What, smitten, most proclaims the pride of power And arbitrary nod. His joy supreme,

To bid the wretch survive the fortunate;

The feeble wrap the athletic in his shroud;
And weeping fathers build their children's tomb:
Me, thine, NARCISSA! - What though short thy date?

-

Virtue, not rolling suns, the mind matures.

2. That life is long, which answers life's great end;
The tree that bears no fruit, deserves no name.
The man of wisdom, is the man of years.
NARCISSA'S youth has lectured me thus far.
And can her gayety give counsel too?
That, like the Jew's famed oracle of gems,
Sparkles instruction; such as throws new light,
And opens more the character of death;
Ill known to thee, LORENZO; this thy vaunt:
"Give death his due, the wretched, and the old;
Let him not violate kind nature's laws,
But own man born to live as well as die."
Wretched and old thou givest him; young and gay
He takes; and plunder is a tyrant's joy.

3. Fortune, with youth and gayety conspired

To weave a triple wreath of happiness,

(If happiness on earth,) to crown her brow,

And could death charge through such a shining shield?
That shining shield invites the tyrant's spear,

As if to damp our elevated aims,

And strongly preach humility to man.

O, how portentous is prosperity!

How, comet-like, it threatens, while it shines!

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