portation of various fruit trees, which were still rare in France. The monks of Port-royal appear to have listened to his hints, and to have obtained from the Italian monasteries many new fruit-trees. One of these cenobites, Amaud d'Andilly, wrote the first good book on Horticulture in 1652.

ORIGIN OF THE WORD CANDIDATE.

It was resolved to propose a law, for bidding any pretender to the superior offices to go about, as had been the custom, in garments of an extraordinary whiteness (whence they were called candidates), to solicit the people's votes.Hooke's Rom. Hist. 2d. v. 8vo. p. 446.

CHARACTERS OF THE JUDGES OF KING

CHARLES THE FIRST, FROM HEATH's
"CHRONICLE OF THE CIVIL WARS;"

BEING A SPECIMEN OF PARTY REPRE-
SENTATION.

Colonel Thomas Harrison, the son of a butcher, at Newcastle-under-line, in Staffordshire, once servant to Mr. Hulker, an attorney. He betook himself to the army in the beginning of the wars, and, by preaching and such-like sanctity, came to be a major; where his pragmatical spirit, cherished by Cromwell, preferred him to a colonel, and the custody of the king's person, when taken from the Isle of Wight; which he most irreverently abused, by no less saucy hehaviour than treasonable speeches. He was afterwards the great captain of all the schismatiques, especially Fifth-monarchy-men; in whose love, and no others, he died, and was expectedly executed at Charing Cross, in that expiatory month of October, 1660.

John Carew, brother of Sir Alexander Carew, beheaded in 1644. This person was no doubt deluded by the mistaken impulses of Satan for those of the spirit, being a rank Fifth-monarchist, and so predisposed against all government and authority, which he helped to strike at in the death of the king.

John Cook, the solicitor of the High Court, whose plea (charitably taken) is his best character, that his crime was not out of malice but avarice; being a poor man, and in a wanting condition before he undertook this most scelerate piece of service.-Better be out of practice than in such as this.

Henry Ireton, commissary-general of horse, Cromwell's second, espoused his daughter as well as his designs, so, like father-in-law, like son-out-law, and venterised in the same manner, and at the same time-1600.

Hugh Peters, the shame of the clergy, a pulpit-buffoon, a seditious abominable fellow, trumpet to this pageantry of a High Court of Justice, the most unparalleled ecclesiastic in all story or times.

Thomas Scott, a brewer's clerk, then turned country-attorney, and, by countenance of the grandees, was chosen a recruit for the borough of Wickham, in the county of Buckingham; so violent an enemy of the king, that he wished for no other epitaph or inscription on his grave, than, Here lies Thomas Scott, one of the king's judges;-but he should first have wished for a grave.

Gregory Clement, a merchant, who procured and purchased a place in Parliament, by the same means as he did bis lustful debaucheries, for the notoriety of which, his fellow-villains discarded him their company. He contributed to the destruction of his sovereign, that he might reign in his own wickedness.

Daniel Astell, a kind of country-mercer, in Bedfordshire, obeyed the call (as he said) of the pulpits, and went forth some small officer to fight against the mighty, after many traverses, was made lieutenant-colonel, and employed by Cromwell, out of favour to him, as the ready way to greatness, to be captain of the guard at the king's trial; where he made his janizaries, by blows and threats, to cry out Justice and Execution. He was guilty of a great deal more blood in Ireland, and had gotten a pretty foul

estate:

Colonel Thomas Pride, a brewer, to which he ascended from a drayınan, by the same steps as from thence he became a lord: he was a resolute ignorant fellow, but of very good success, and therefore fit to partake with Cromwell, and to venture on that prime and hardy work of garbling the parliament for him. That done, he deserved any employment from his master, and was put upon this, which he discharged with as much brutishness.

Francis Allen, once a goldsmith, in Fleet-Street, where he leaped into a pretty estate by marrying his mistress; was chose recruit of the Long Parliament, and adhered to the jesuits for their admission of him; was made one of the treasurers at war, a customer, and had Crow-house given him, and held it in Capite Regis; after that murther, was

made one of the committee for sale of his majesty's lands, &c.

Anthony Stapely, a Sussex gentleman and colonel, and governor of Chichester, strangely

strangely wrought into this wicked conspiracie.

Nicholas Love, Doctor Love's son of Winchester, chamber-fellow with the Speaker Lenthall, made one of the six clerks of Chancery; a violent enemy against the king and his friends, from the very beginning of our troubles, and an army-partaker in this horrible act.

Cornelius Holland, a servant to Sir Henry Vane, and preferred by him to the Green Cloth, in the king's household. His father was a poor man, and died a prisoner in the Fleet: but this fellow got a vast estate by his disloyalty against a good master, whom he not only robbed

but murdered.

John Hewson, a broken shoemaker, who by degrees rose to be a colonel: a fellow fit for any mischief, and capable of nothing else, as his story will declare, and therefore no wonder that he was a partaker in this impiety. He is since dead, in exile, and buried, by report, at

Amsterdam.

Thomas Wait, a Rutlandshire man, a recruit to the parliament, chosen by the army's influence; and, from a mean person, made by them governor of Burleigh, by which means he became engaged to their interests and designs.

John Allured, a soldier of fortune, promoted (for his hand in this villany) to be a colonel; died just before His Majesty's restitution.

SCANDINAVIAN WORSHIP.

The introduction to Frederic Ruh's History of Sweden, contains some curious particulars of the early religion of the north. Liv. i. § 8. In the great temple at

39

Upsal,three divinities were adored: Thor, whose image stood in the middle and held a mace; Wodan, who stood on the right in complete armour; and Fricco, or Frey, as he is called in the Edda, who stood on the left, and was represented with the indecorous nudity of the Roman god Priapus. Thor ruled the weather; Wodan influenced the events of war; and Frey bestowed fertility on the marriage-bed, and was the patron of peace. An account is referred to in Olaf Tryvaeson's Saga, of the travelling priests and priestesses of Frey, who, in the villages where they stopped, put up stalls, or moveable temples, in which this god was worshipped with lewd rites: a youth, on being initiated, was said to be made a Frey-man. Frey was also held to be god of the sun, and was very popular throughout the north.

TUNBRIDGE-WELLS.

The French poet, Pavillon, addressed a metrical epistle to Madame Pelissari, in which he describes a visit to Tunbridge: here are some of the lines.

Ces eaux magiques font naitre l'enjouement;

Ceux qui les prennent Sont à jouer assidument,

A caqueter sans cesse, ou toujours se proménent.

Mille fraiches beautés parent la promenade;

Et l'on trouverait en ce lieu Plus malaisement un malade

Qu'un homme sain à l'Hotel-dieu. Ces lieux sont pour moi pleins d'appas; Je n'y vois ni procés, ni moine, ni misere, On y sonne tres peu, l'on n'y travaille guère, Et l'on y fait de longs repas.

THE SWALLOWS.

SOON as th' all enlivening sun

Has thro' the sign of Virgo run,
And balances the day,

'Tis known that winds tempestuous blow, And clouds in thick succession grow Athwart the aërial way.

The Swallow tribe the warning take,
And instant preparation make,
To quit this fickle clime;
Assembled thick, in loud debate
Settle the business of their state,
And fix th' important time.
For this the younglings oft essay
Their strength to skim the liquid way,

For this exert their powers;
Exertion soon new strength supplies,
They glide along their native skies,
Nor fear th' approaching hours.

At length th' important day arrived,
And, each arrangement well contrived,
Their little bands unite;

With one consent they wing their way,
Where brighter sunshine cheers the day,
And warmer skies invite.

Sometimes, 'tis said, a few remain,
Regardless of the cold and rain,

Till all their tribe are flown:
Perchance a warm or sunny day,
With tempting aspect, caused delay,
'Midst dangers yet unknown.
But soon they feel their dire mistake,
Soon too their little bosoms ache,

And throb with fear and pain;
For wintry winds with fury blow,
Sure harbingers of rain or snow,
And Winter's gloomy train.

Their pinions, now with cold opprest,
Scarce bear them to their place of rest,

Some

SWEETLY the poet sings, when he

On beauty's charms would dwell,

Sweet sounds of heav'nly harmony
The magic numbers swell!
Yet Beauty is the sickliest power
That braves th' inclement skies;
That buds and blossoms in an hour,
Then quickly fades and dies.
The brighest hue the rose can wear,
To woo the zephyr's kiss,
Is but a prelude to the care
That terminates the bliss.
For unsuspected winds may blow,

In many a dreadful gust;
And lay the flowret's beauties low,
To mingle with the dust.

Then Emma, dearest maid! reflect,
Ere Caution's hours are past;
And beauties of the mind select,
That will for ever last.

SONNET

Н. В.

WM. TAYLOR.

ADDRESS

TO THE

Spirit of a Departed Friend.

BLEST spirit of my sainted friend,
Which, in this vale of misery,
So oft with mine was wont to blend,
With all an angel's sympathy;
Bending from Heav'ns exalted sphere,
Ah deign my voice again to hear.
When gloomy Sorrow gives her tear,
Deep o'er my darken'd eye to roll,
Othen, as thou didst oft, appear,

To tranquillize my troubled soul;
For soon as I perceive thee nigh,
I know the shades of grief will fly.
When, as calm evening o'er the bowers.
From golden clouds her dews doth shed,
Icull the loveliest sweetest flowers,

And, weeping, wreathe them round thy bed;
O then, light hovering o'er the soil,
With smiles of love reward my toil.
And, when my voice and lyre combine
To swell the vesper hymn of praise,
O let me hear thy harp divine,

That sounds on high to Zion's lays;
And thro' the silent air, my song
In strains of sweeter tone prolong.
When on thy monumental stone

I lean, and mourn in accents low,
Whilst o'er the church-yard still and lone
The watchful stars of midnight glow;
O then on Pity's wing descend,
To whisper comfort to thy friend.
And let me hear thee softly say,
"Repress those tears, and hush that sigh,
"Soon will arrive the happy day,

"When here by mine thy dust will lie; "Then in the beams of endless light, "Our bl'ssful spirits will unite." Fairfield.

year,

J. CONNOR,

AN ADDRESS TO THE RIVER DART. By ABRAHAM KYNE. SPIRIT of the DART! to meet the vernal Whose early blossoms deck the frozen plain, Glide o'er the surface of thy limpid sphere, Led by thy Naiads and their lepid train. Arise, bright Pow'r! behold Favonius springs, To rend the fetters of a brumal spell, To strip its demon of his frigid wings,

And bind him to an hyperborean cell. Smile on the boundaries of thine oozy bed, Diffuse the treasures of thy copious urn: For, blest by thee and Flora's fairy tread, Earth's slumb'ring stores with varied charms return.

Translucent stream! clad with the robe of
spring,
Elysium reigns where'er thy branches roll;
Deen in the dell, where soft-ton'd echoes sing,
Thy wildest murmurs elevate the soul.

And

1813.]

And where the shepherd tunes his Doric reed,
Blest with the glow of sweet serenity,
To Fame unknown, yet known to virtue's
freed,

Be mine to dwell with solitude and thee!
London, 1812.

TO THE RAINBOW.

A PARAPHRASE ON THE 104th PSALM. By MR. TUCKER.

TH' Almighty's finger taught the beauteous bow,

That crowns the clouded concave, where to glow;

Tip'd with ethereal hues his compass bright, Swept its grand arch of variegated light, That not alone displays its ample round Above, but winds its radiance o'er the ground. Wide o'er the heav'ns the blooming cycle bends,

And none can say just where each tincture
blends,

Where one begins, or where another ends!
With transport beaming from his grateful eye,
The shepherd views the signal in the sky,
Dwells with delight upon its form sublime,
And hums its praises in proverbial rhyme:
To him the charm a welcomie token shines
To the low vale whose ploom with drought

declines,

Of fertile showers, that bring reviving health,
And all the pride of vegetable wealth:
For purpose such, its lucid form is giv'n,
A curve of glory, and the crown of heaven!

TRANSLATION OF AN ODE OF JORTIN;
By PHILIP PERKINS.

AS thro' the shade of silent groves,

Irriguous vales, and coverts green, Yon stream with gentle murmur roves, And glides along its path, unseen

41

Awhile the fields, where first it rose,
With playful sinuous course it laves,
At length with swifter foot it flows,
And mingles with the ocean waves.
So may I pass life's devious days,
Not where Wealth's rankling cares annoy
From troubled Discord's noisy ways,
From Glory's sanguinary joy.

When darkness o'er mine eyes expands,
And weary nature seeks repose,
May Sleep's grim brother's icy hand
My lifeless limbs with care compose!
Coventry, June 1.

FREEDOм,

By M. PRENDERGAST.

BLEST is the man who dares, unaw'd by
fear,
The passions of the patriot soul to feel,
Who dares his Country's hallow'd rights

revere,

And wields, in their defente, the conqu'ring steel.

When tyrants rise the freeborn to enslave, And trample, uncontroll'd, the slighted laws,

He risks his all, his native land to save, And fearlessly maintains his righteous cause. Boldly he rushes to the glorious strife,

For Freedom's flame within his bosota glows;

Then at his Country's shrine resigns his life, And falls o'er mangled heaps of conquer'd slain.

The hero dies, but still his honour'd name Enkindles in each breast his patriot rage; He lives recorded in the rolls of Fame, Belov'd, rever'd, by every after age.

THE

ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL.

This celebrated Society has just published at Calcutta, a new volume of its interesting Researches; and we hasten to lay before our readers, an uncommonly interesting portion of its contents.

ISLANDS at periods of very remote antiquity, under the name of the WHITE ISLANDS, or SACRED ISLANDS OF THE WEST. Major Wilford has now fully gratified the world, by presenting these interesting records, with his reasonings upon them, through the ASIATIC SOCIETY, MONTHLY MAG. No. 237.

called also SACAM.

consulted a rude map of the north-west quarter of the old continent, from the Puranas.

The shape and general outlines of the western shores, bear no small atfinity with those of Europe, which they were intended to represent. We may there trace the Bay of Biscay, the German Sea, and the entrance into the Baltic. But, above all, the greatest resemblance is in the arrangement of the British Isles, Iceland, and the adjacent shores of America: and this surely cannot be merely accidental. The islands of Sthula, or Thule, now Ferro, Chandica, the Shetland Isles, Intradwipa, or the Orkneys, are placed beyond the British Isles; and I have arranged them in the manner they are in the map, on the supposition that they really answer to the above islands.

Another striking peculiarity in the north-west quarter is the threefold gap of Crauncha, which I conceive to be three belts leading into the Baltic. These were made by Scanda, called also Canda in many of the spoken dialects, and Candaos by the Thracians or Goths. As he is a form of Hara, he is really Haraja, and Hara-cula, or Hercules; and the Cronian straits were known also in the west, under the appellation of Straits of Hercules, according to Tacitus; and the denominations of Scandia, and Candavia, may be derived from him.

The first passage to be examined is from the VARAHAPURANA. South (it should be north) of Nila, and north (south) of Sweta, or the white mountain, is Vayavyam-Ramyacam, or the country of Ramyaca in the north-west. (Vayavyam is derived from Vayu, or Æolus, the guardian of the north-west; and of course is used here to designate that quarter.) To the south (north) of the range of the Sweta, or white mountains, and north (south) of the range called Sringavan, is the country of Hiranmaya. There is Tri-sringa (or Tri-cuta) in the ocean in the west. There is the Cshira tree, and island 4000 yojanas in circuinference. There is the ChandraVartta, a great river: its banks are co. vered with trees, and it receives many other streams. This is Curuvarsha, or country of Curu; (or this is part of, or belongs to, Curu.) To the north is Suryadivipa, or the island of the sun, in which gods abide: it is in the middle of a sea full of waves, like so many garlands. It is 1000 yojanas in circumference: in the middle is a mountain 100 yojunus high, and as many broad. From it flows the river Surya-vartta. There is the sthan,

or place of the sun there they worship the sun. To the west of it (north,) at the distance of 4000 yojanas, is Rudracara; read Bhadra-cara-dwipa:) there is Bhadrasana-Vayu-Vigrahavan, or the seat of Vayu, with the epithet of Vigrahavan, or in a human shape. This tast part shews positively that Tri-cutadri, of which Sweta is part, lies in the quarter of Vayu, or the north-west quarter of the old continent.

In the Vayu-purana, the author, hav. ing described the country of Cetu-Mala, which includes Europe, the northern parts of Africa, the lesser Asia, Iran, &c. intornis us, that south of the range of Nila, and north of that of Sweta, is the country of Ramanacam, or Ramyacam, inhabited by white men, who live 1500 years; do not grow old, have many servants; and there is a famous Nyagrodha tree*. North of the range of Sweta, and south of that of Sringa, is the country called Hiranyavatam. There is the river Haimavati, or full of snow. People live there 1100 years. There are the peak lands of Hiranya-maya, Manimaya, Ratnamaya. South of the shores of the northern Ocean are the two Curus, (or north and south Curu:) it is a holy country, inhabited by Siddhas, or saints; men, falling (or returning) from heaven, are born again there, and live 1300 and 1500 years.

Jatudhi, and Saila-raja, abounding with caves, are two large mountains, There are also the two famous mountains called Surya-canta and Chandra-canta. Between then flows the river Bhadraso. ma, &c.

In the SANTIPARVA, one of the greater divisions of the Maha-Bharata, section of the Mocsha-d'harma, Narada is introduced, saying to Narayana, "Thou who wert incarnate through thy own power, now perform that for which thou wert born. I am going to see thy Adhyam, or first and original form, (which resides in Sweta dwipa, in the commentary,) to perform the puja in honour of him who is Guhya, or concealed. Nayrayana said, Go. Narada made his obeisance, and flew through heaven to Meru. There he remained about two hours, when he looked towards the north-west, and descried at a great distance an object of an astonishing size. He saw, in the north of the Cshirodadhi, or White Sea, the island Sweta, thus called, which, as every body knows, is very great

In the VAYU-PURANA is to be found

*Ficus Indica.

the