The Belmont Report: Appendix, vol. IIThe Commission, 1978 |
Common terms and phrases
accepted and routine agency alternative American Psychological Association analysis applied behavioral research behavioral science biomedical and behavioral biomedical research boundary activities clinical coercion Committee concern confidentiality consequences considered contingencies costs debriefing deception decision decision theory defined definition DHEW disclosure discussion drug effects efficacy ethical experiment funded harm human experimentation human subjects identified individual informed consent injury innovative therapy inquiry Institutional Review Boards intent interests investigator involved issue knowledge liability ment mental Milgram Milgram experiment moral Negative Income Tax obtained outcomes patient peer review person physician possible practice of medicine present problems procedures professional program evaluation propanolol Protection of Human psychological psychotherapy question raapo treatment reasonable regulation research participants responsibility risk-benefit analysis risk-benefit ratio risks and benefits rules scientific situation Social Psychology social science research specific standard techniques therapeutic tion valid
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Էջ 25-10 - The voluntary consent of the human subject is absolutely essential. 'This means that the person involved should have legal capacity to give consent ; should be so situated as to be able to exercise free power of choice, without the intervention of any element of force, fraud, deceit, duress, over-reaching, or other ulterior form of constraint or coercion...
Էջ 14-38 - The law, in its majestic equality, forbids the rich as well as the poor to sleep under bridges, to beg in the streets, and to steal bread'.
Էջ 20-21 - ... question was important: was his case serious or not? But the doctor ignored that inappropriate question. From his point of view it was not the one under consideration, the real question was to decide between a floating kidney, chronic catarrh, or appendicitis. It was not a question of Ivan Ilych's life or death, but one between a floating kidney and appendicitis.
Էջ 16-10 - The topics importantly demanding a communication of information are the inherent and potential hazards of the proposed treatment, the alternatives to that treatment, if any, and the results likely if the patient remains untreated.
Էջ 26-2 - I am about to discuss the disease called "sacred." It is not, in my opinion, any more divine or more sacred than other diseases, but has a natural cause, and its supposed divine origin is due to men's inexperience, and to their wonder at its peculiar character.
Էջ 25-4 - A fair explanation of the procedures to be followed, and their purposes, including identification of any procedures which are experimental; (2) a description of any attendant discomforts and risks reasonably to be expected; (3) a description of any benefits reasonably to be expected; (4) a disclosure of any appropriate alternative procedures that might be advantageous for the subject; (5) an offer to answer any inquiries concerning the procedures; and (6) an instruction that the person is free to...
Էջ 21-1 - For us, man is defined first of all as a being "in a situation." That means that he forms a synthetic whole with his situation — biological, economic, political, cultural, etc. He cannot be distinguished from his situation, for it forms him and decides his possibilities; but, inversely, it is he who gives it meaning by making his choices within it and by it. To be in a situation, as we see it, is to choose oneself in a situation, and men differ from one another in their situations and also in the...
Էջ 23-14 - The risks to the subject are so outweighed by the sum of the benefit to the subject and the Importance of the knowledge to be gained as to warrant a decision to allow the subject to accept these risks...
Էջ 21-22 - All that each person is, and experiences, and shall never experience, in body and in mind, all these things are differing expressions of himself and of one root, and are identical: and not one of these things nor one of these persons is ever quite to be duplicated, nor replaced, nor has it ever quite had precedent: but each is a new and incommunicably tender life, wounded in every breath, and almost as hardly killed as easily wounded: sustaining, for a while, without defense, the enormous assaults...
Էջ 24-36 - [o]ne who intentionally intrudes, physically or otherwise, upon the solitude or seclusion of another, or his private affairs or concerns, is subject to liability to the other for invasion of his privacy, if the intrusion would be highly offensive to a reasonable person