1. That the arrangement to be proposed to the Porte, if that Government should accept the prof. fered mediation, should have for its object to place the Greeks towards the Ottoman Porte in the relation hereafter mentioned.

Greece should be a dependency of that empire, and the Greeks should pay to the Porte an annual tribute, the amount of which should be permanently fixed by common consent. They should be exclu. sively governed by authorities, to be chosen and named by them. selves, but in the nomination of which authorities the Porte should have a certain influence.

In this state, the Greeks should enjoy a complete liberty of conscience, entire freedom of commerce, and should, exclusively, con. duct their own internal government.

In order to effect a complete separation between individuals of the two nations, and to prevent the collisions which must be the necessary consequences of a contest of such duration, the Greeks should purchase the property of the Turks, whether situated on the continent of Greece, or in the islands.

2. In case the principle of a media tion between the Turks and Greeks should have been admitted, in consequence of the steps taken with that view by his Britannic Majesty's Ambassador at Constantinople, his Imperial Majesty would exert, in every case, his influence to forward the object of that mediation. The mode in which, and the time at which, his Imperial Majesty should take part in the ulterior negotiations with the Ottoman Porte, which may be the consequence of that mediation, should be determined hereafter by the common consent of the go.

vernments of his Britannic Majesty and his Imperial Majesty.

3. If the mediation offered by his Britannic Majesty should not have been accepted by the Porte, and whatever may be the nature of the relations between his Imperial Majesty and the Turkish government, his Britannic Majesty and his Im. perial Majesty will still consider the terms of the arrangement specified in No. 1. of this Protocol, as the basis of any reconciliation to be effected by their intervention, whether in concert or separately, be. tween the Porte and the Greeks; and they will avail themselves of every favourable opportunity to exert their influence with both parties, in order to effect their reconciliation on the above-mentioned basis.

4. That his Britannic Majesty and his Imperial Majesty should reserve to themselves to adopt, hereafter, the measures necessary for the settlement of the details of the arrangement in question, as well as the limits of the territory and the names of the islands of the Archipelago to which it shall be applicable, and it shall be proposed to the Porte to comprise under the domination of Greece.

5. That, moreover, his Britannic Majesty and his Imperial Majesty will not seek, in this arrangement, any increase of territory, nor any exclusive influence, nor advantage in commerce for their subjects, which shall not be equally attainable by all other nations.

6. That his Britannic Majesty and his Imperial Majesty, being desirous that their Allies should become parties to the definitive arrangement of which this Protocol contains the outline, will communi.

MANIFESTO OF THE OTTOMAN PORTE, JUSTIFICATORY OF ITS CONDUCT TOWARDS THE GREEKS.

The following document was delivered on the 9th and 10th of June, 1827, by the Reis Effendi to the Dragomans of the French, English, Russian, Austrian, and Prussian missions, in the order in which they repaired to the Porte.

To every man endowed with intelligence and penetration, it is clear and evident that conformably to the decrees of Divine Providence, the flourishing condition of this world is owing to the union of the human species in the social state; and that, as on account of their diversity of manners and character, this union could only be accomplished by the subjection of different nations, Almighty wisdom, in dividing the universe into different countries, has assigned to each a Sovereign, into whose hands the reins of absolute authority over the nations subject to his dominion are placed; and that it is the wise manner the Creator has established and regulated the order of the universe.

If, on the one hand, the consist ency and duration of such a state of things principally depend on monarchs and sovereigns respec.

tively abstaining from every kind of interference in each other's internal and private affairs, it is, on the other hand, not less evident that the essential object of treaties between empires is to guard against the infringement of a system of or. der so admirable, and thus to establish the security of people and kingdoms. In this way each independent power, besides the obliga. tions which its treaties and foreign relations impose, possesses also institutions and relations which concern only itself and its internal state, and which are the offspring of its legislation and form of government. It belongs, then, to itself alone to judge of what befits itself, and to busy itself therewith exclusively. Moreover, it is matter of public notoriety, that all the affairs of the Sublime Ottoman Porte are founded on its sacred legislation, and that all its regulations, national and political, arc strictly connected with the precepts of religion.

Now the Greeks, who form part of the nations inhabiting the coun tries conquered ages ago by the Ottoman arms, and who, from generation to generation, have been tributary subjects of the Sublime Porte, have, like the other nations that since the origin of Islamism remained faithfully in submission, always enjoyed perfect repose and tranquillity under the ægis of our legislation. It is notorious that these Greeks have been treated like Mus. sulmans in every respect, and as to every thing which regards their property, the maintenance of their personal security, and the defence of their honour; that they have been, particularly under the glorious reign of the present sovereign, loaded with benefits far exceeding those

which their ancestors enjoyed; but it is precisely this great degree of favour, this height of comfort and tranquillity, that has been the cause of the revolt, excited by malignant men, incapable of appreciating the value of such marks of benevolence. Yielding to the delusions of a heated imagination, they have dared to raise the standard of revolt, not only against their benefactor and legitimate sovereign, but also against all the mussulman people, by committing the most horrible excesses, sacrificing to their vengeance defenceless women and innocent children with unexampled atrocity.

As each power has its own particular penal code and political ordinances, the tenor whereof forms the basis for its acts of sovereign. ty, so the Sublime Porte, in every thing relating to the exercise of its sovereignty, rests exclusively upon its holy legislation, according to which, the rebels fall to be treated. But in inflicting necessary punishment on some with the sole view of amending them, the Porte has never refused to pardon those who implore its mercy, and to replace them as before, under the ægis of its protection. In the same man. ner, the Sublime Porte, always resolved to conform to the ordinances of its sacred law, notwithstanding the attention devoted to its domestic affairs, has never neglected to cultivate the relations of good understanding with friendly powers. The Sublime Porte has always been ready to comply with whatever treaties and the duties of friendship prescribe. Its most sincere pray. ers are offered up for that peace and general tranquillity which, with the aid of the Most High, will be re-established in the same man

neras the Sublime Porte has always extended its conquests,-namely, by separating its faithful subjects from the refractory and malevolent, and by terminating the existing troubles by its own resources, without giving occasion to discussions with the powers who are its friends, or to any demands on their part.

All the efforts of the Sublime Porte have but one object, which is the desire of the establishment of general tranquillity, while foreign interference can only tend to a prolongation of the rebellion. The firm and constant intention of the Sublime Porte to attend to its principal interests which spring from its sacred law, merits their approbation and respect, while any foreign interference must be liable to blame and animadversion. Now, it is clear and evident, that by ad. hering to this principle, every thing might have been terminated long since, but for the ill-founded propositions which have been advanced concerning the conformity of religion, and the fatal influence which this state of things has, per. haps, exercised throughout the whole of Europe, and the injury to which maritime commerce may have been exposed. At the same time, the hopes of the malevolent have been constantly encouraged by the improper conduct of giving them assistance of every kind, which at any time ought to have been reproved, conformably to the law of nations. It is besides to be observed, that the relations and treaties subsisting between the Sublime Porte and the powers in friendship with it, have been en tered into with the monarchs and ministers of those powers only; and considering the obligation of

every independent power to govern its subjects itself, the Sublime Porte has not failed to address to some friendly courts complaints respecting the succours afforded to the insurgents. The only answer made to these representations has been, to give to machinations tending to subvert laws and treaties, the signification of liberty; and to interpret proceedings contrary to existing engagements by the expression of neutrality, alleging the insufficiency of means for restraining the people.

Setting aside the want of reci. procal security, which must finally result from such a state of things to the subjects of the respective powers, the Sublime Porte cannot allow such transactions to pass silently. Accordingly, the Porte has never omitted to reply to the different pretensions advanced, by appealing to the justice and the equity of the powers who are its friends, by often reiterating complaints respecting the assistance afforded to the insurgents, and by giving the necessary answers in the course of communications with its friends. In fine, a mediation has at last been proposed. The fact, however, is, that an answer restricted to one single object can neither be changed by the process of time, nor by the innovation of expressions. The reply which the Sublime Porte gave at the beginning will always be the same-namely, that which it has reiterated in the face of the whole world, and which is in the last result its sentiment on the position of affairs.

Those who are informed of the circumstances, and the details of events, are not ignorant that at the commencement of the insurrection, some ministers of friendly courts, resident at the Sublime Porte, of

fered effective assistance in punishing the rebels. As, however, this offer related to an affair which came exclusively within the resort of the Sublime Porte, in pursuance of important considerations, both with regard to the present and future, the Porte confined itself to replying, that though such an offer had for its object to give aid to the Ottoman government, it would never permit foreign interference. What is more, when the ambassador of a friendly power, at the period of his journey to the congress of Verona, entered into explanations in conferences with the Ottoman minister on the proposed me. diation, the Sublime Porte declared, in the most unequivocal manner, that such a proposition could not be listened to; reiterating, every time that the subject was resumed, the assurance that political, national, and religious considerations, rendered such refusal indispensable.

In yielding to this reasoning, and in admitting more than once that right was on the side of the Porte, the before mentioned ambassador, on his return from Verona to Constantinople, again clearly and officially declared in several conferences, by order of his court, and in the name of the other powers, that the Greek question was recognised as belonging to the internal affairs of the Sublime Porte; that as such it ought to be brought to a termination exclusively by the Porte itself; that no other power was to interfere in the sequel; and that if ever any one were to interfere, all the others would act according to the principles of the law of nations.

The agents of one of the great powers which has recently consolidated its relations of friendship and good understanding with the

Sublime Porte, also officially and explicitly declared, in their conferences with the Ottoman agents, that there should be no interference on this subject. That declaration having served as the basis for the result of those conferences, there cannot now be any question re. specting this affair, which the Sublime Porte is entitled to consider as completely and radically adjusted. Nevertheless, the Porte still considers itself authorized here to add the following observations in support of its antecedent assertions:

The measures which the Sublime Porte has adopted from the commencement, and which it still pursues against the Greek insurgents, ought not to make the war be considered a war of religion. Those measures do not extend to all the people in general; for they have for their sole object to repress the revolt, and to punish those subjects of the Porte, who, acting as true chiefs of brigands, have committed atrocities equally serious and reprehensible. The Sublime Porte never has refused pardon to those who submit. The gates of clemency and mercy have always been open. This the Sublime Porte has proved by facts, and still proves it, by granting protection to those who return to their duty.

The real cause of the continuance of this revolt is to be found in the different propositions made to the Sublime Porte. The injury arising from the war, too, has only been felt by the Porte; for it is known to all the world that European navigation has never been in. terrupted by this state of things, which, far from prejudicing European merchants, has afforded them considerable advantages.

Moreover, the troubles and the revolt exist only in one single country of the Ottoman empire, and among the partisans of malevolence; for, thanks be to God, the other provinces of this vast empire have no way suffered, and with all their inhabitants enjoy the most perfect repose. It is not easy, therefore, to understand how these troubles are to be communicated to other European countries. Suppose, however, that this were the case, as each power is paramount within itself, it ought to know such of its subjects on its own territory as manifest seditious dispositions, and it ought to punish them according to its own laws, and in pursuance of the duties inherent in its own sovereignty. It may be superfluous to add, that the Sublime Porte will never interfere in such transactions.

Considering the points above set forth with reference to justice and equity, every one must be easily convinced that there remains no ground for discussion upon these affairs. However, though it is fit that all ulterior interference should cease, an offer of a mediation has been in the last result made.

Now, in political language, it is understood by this expression, that if there arise differences on hostilities between two independent powers, a reconciliation may be brought about by the interference of a third friendly power. It is the same with respect to armistices and treaties of peace, which cannot be concluded but between recognised powers. But the Sublime Porte being engaged in punishing, on its own territory, and in conformity with its sacred law, such of its turbulent subjects as