The Steam-engine and Other Heat-enginesAt the University Press, 1894 - 400 էջ |
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Common terms and phrases
absolute action adiabatic expansion adiabatic line adiabatic process admission amount atmosphere boiler pressure Carnot's cycle cent chamber clearance coefficient of performance combustion compound engine compression condensing engines connecting-rod constant consumption of steam cooling crank curve cushion steam cylinder feed cylinder walls drawn dryness eccentric entropy entropy-temperature diagram equal equation evaporation exhaust feed-water fluid friction furnace gas-engine gases gear governor heat rejected heat taken heat-engine Hence horse-power horse-power-hour increased indicator diagram initial condensation Inst isothermal jacket Joule large cylinder less machine mean effective pressure mechanical mechanical efficiency metal mixture motion non-condensing P₁ pipe piston piston-rod Proc pump quantity ratio of expansion re-evaporation represents reversible revolutions per minute saturated steam slide-valve specific heat speed square inch steam-engine stroke substance superheating supply surface T₁ T₂ temperature thermal units thermodynamic efficiency trials valve volume whole Willans
Սիրված հատվածներ
Էջ 5 - I have taken a piece of a whole cannon, whereof the end was burst, and filled it three-quarters full of water, stopping and screwing up the broken end ; as also the touch-hole, and making a constant fire under it ; within twenty-four hours it burst and made a great crack.
Էջ 15 - I soon relinquished the idea of constructing an engine upon this principle, from being sensible it would be liable to some of the objections against Savery's engine, viz., the danger of bursting the boiler, and the difficulty of making the joints tight, and also that a great part of the power of the steam would be lost, because no vacuum was formed to assist the descent of the piston.
Էջ 85 - If the absolute temperature of any uniformly hot substance be divided into any number of equal parts, the effects of those parts in causing work to be performed are equal...
Էջ 5 - An admirable and most forcible way to drive up water by fire, not by drawing or sucking it upwards, for that must be as the philosopher calleth it, infra spheeram activitatis, which is but at such a distance. But this way hath no bounder, if the vessels be strong enough ; for I have taken a piece of a whole cannon, whereof the end was burst, and filled it...
Էջ 12 - ... first, that vessel in which the powers of steam are to be employed to work the engine, which is called the cylinder...
Էջ 5 - So that, having a way to make my vessels so that they are strengthened by the force within them, and the one to fill after the other, I have seen the water run like a constant fountain stream forty feet high.
Էջ 17 - The means of accomplishing these points did not immediately present themselves ; but early in 1765 it occurred to me, that if a communication were opened between a cylinder containing steam, and another vessel which was exhausted of air and other fluids, the steam, as an elastic fluid, would immediately rush into the empty vessel, and continue to do so until it had established an equilibrium ; and if that vessel were kept very cool by an injection or otherwise, more steam would continue to enter...
Էջ 15 - ... diameter, with a solid piston, and furnished also with a cock to admit the steam from the digester, or shut it off at pleasure, as well as to open a communication from the inside of the syringe to the open air, by which the steam contained in the syringe might escape. When the communication between the...
Էջ 16 - A. mall engine was therefore constructed with a cylinder six inches diameter, and twelve inches stroke, made of wood, soaked in linseed oil, and baked to dryness. With this engine many experiments were made ; but it was soon found that the wooden cylinder was not likely to prove durable, and that the steam condensed in filling it still exceeded the proportion of that required for large engines according to the statements of Desaguliers. It was also found, that all attempts to produce a better exhaustion...
Էջ 20 - ... engine valves are of the drop type, connected by racks and segmental arms with levers struck by tappets on the plug or air-pump rod ; the top valve admits steam to the cylinder, and was known as the " expansion " valve, as it was set to cut off steam at about half Stroke, thereby allowing the remainder of the stroke to be performed by the expansion of the steam previously admitted without further demand upon the boiler. The lower or " equilibrium " valve is opened when the piston reaches the...