Long Primer (Modern).

I was born in the year 1632, in the city of York, of a good family, though not of that country, my father being a foreigner of Bremen, who settled first at Hull; he got a good estate by merchandise, and leaving off his trade, lived after

Bourgeois (Old Style).

I WAS born in the year 1632, in the city of York, of a good family, though not of that country, my father being a foreigner of Bremen, who settled first at Hull: he got a good estate by merchandise, and leaving off his trade, lived afterwards at

Bourgeois (Modern).

I was born in the year 1632, in the city of York, of a good family though not of that country, my father being a foreigner of Bremen, who settled first at Hull; he got a good estate by merchandise, and leaving off his trade, lived afterwards at York; from whence he

Brevier (Old Style).

I WAS born in the year 1632, in the city of York, of a good family, though not of that country, my father being a foreigner of Bremen, who settled first at Hull: he got a good estate by merchandise, and leaving off his trade, lived afterwards at York; from whence he had

Brevier (Modern).

I was born in the year 1632, in the city of York, of a good family, though not of that country, my father being a foreigner of Bremen, who settled first at Hull: he got a good estate by merchandise, and leaving off his trade lived afterwards at York; from whence he had

M nion (Old Style)

I was born in the year 1632, in the city of York, of a good family, though not of that country, my father being a foreigner of Bremen, who settled first at Hull; he got a good estate by merchandise, and leaving off his trade, lived afterwards at York; from whence he had married my mother.

Minion (Modern).

I was born in the year 1632, in the city of York, of a good family, though not of that country, my father being a foreigner of Bremen, who settled first at Hull; he got a good estate by merchandise, and leaving off his trade, lived afterwards at York; from whence he had married my mother.

Nonpareil (Old Style).

I WAS born in the year 1632, in the city of York, of a good family, though not of that country, my father being a foreigner of Bremen, who settled first at Hull; he got a good estate by merchandise, and leaving off his trade, lived afterwards at York; from whence he had married my mother, whose relations

Nonpareil (Modern).

I was born in the year 1632, in the city of York, of a good family, though not of that country, my father being a foreigner of Bremen, who settled first at Hull; he got a good estate by merchandise, and leaving off his trade, lived afterwards at York; from whence he had married my mother, whose relations

Ruby (Modern).

I was born in the year 1632, in the city of York, of a good family, though not of that conn try, my father being a foreigner of Bremen, who settled first at Hull he got a good estate by merchandise, and leaving off his trade, lived afterwards at

Pearl (Modern).

I was born in the year 1632, in the city of York, of a good family, though not of that country, my father being a foreigner of Bremen, who settled first at Hu 1: he got a good estate by mer chandise, and leaving off his trade, lived afterwards at York; from whence he had married my mother whose relations were named

Diamond (Modern).

I was born in the year 1632 in the city of York of a good family, though not of that country, my father being a foreigne of Bremen, who acted first at Hull: be got a good estate by merchandise and leaving off his trade, lived afterwards at York; from whence he had married my mother whose relations were named

The sizes smaller than Brevier and larger than Pica are not very frequently employed.

A considerable difference in the appearance of a type is effected according as it is set solid or spaced out with "leads." Here is an example of the common

Long Primer solid:

Long Primer (Solid).

I was born in the year 1632, in the city of York, of a good family, though not of that country, my father being a foreigner of Bremen, who settled first at Hull: he got a good estate by merchandise, and leaving off his trade, lived afterwards at York; from whence he had married my mother, whose relations were named

The following is the same type spaced out with leads:

Long Primer (Leaded).

I WAS born in the year 1632, in the city of York, of a good family, though not of that country, my father being a foreigner of Bremen, who settled first at Hull: he got a good estate by merchandise, and leaving off his trade, lived afterwards at York; from whence he had married my mother, whose relations were named

The author will probably be guided, in the first place, by the example of some particular book, which he would wish his own work to be like in appearance. But he would be most unwise to take a final decision without consulting his publisher.

CHOICE OF PAPER.

In selecting a paper on which to send one's com positions forth to the world, some considerable care is necessary. The desire of making a good bargain frequently leads a buyer to err, especially in selecting an article of so variable a character as paper. Therefore, first determine the question of quality; that is, whether you propose to employ a first-class paper, or to be content with an imitation.

The nature of the printing job will of itself suggest the quality of the paper to be used. For special work of a high character, poor paper cannot possibly be employed; and in all cases of an exceptional nature, the best qualities of paper ought to be used. For ordinary work, on the other hand, it will be the printer's object to achieve the highest result at the least possible outlay.

All printing paper (unless otherwise ordered) is made up by the maker into reams, containing either 480 or 516 sheets. The former is termed an "Imperfect "or "Mill" ream, and the latter a "Perfect" or "Printer's " ream. As this difference becomes of some importance

where a large number of reams are required, it is usual in purchasing, to stipulate that the reams shall consist of the greater or the lesser number of sheets. The odd 16 sheets in the "Perfect" or "Printer's" ream are included, because it is customary to allow that number to the printer for spoiling. It will, therefore, be easy to reckon how many reams are required to print a given number of copies of a certain book, if the number of pages in it are known, as each ream of paper will furnish 500 copies of one sheet or signature, as it is technically termed, which as shown in the diagrams, on pages 303 to 305 may make 4, 8, 16, 24, 32, 64, &c., pages of the book in question, according to the manner in which it is folded. Where very expensive papers are employed in printing, and the number of copies required is great, the purchaser may arrange with the paper-maker to supply him with reams containing a smaller number of "Overs" for spoiling than are contained in the Perfect ream of 516 sheets: thus, reams of 504, 508, or 512 sheets, allowing 4,8, or 12 sheets as "Overs" respectively, are sometimes supplied to the order of the purchaser.

In buying a good printing paper the following points are very necessary to be observed: colour, strength, sizing, surface, weight.

Colour. All papers of whatever tint or colour they may be, vary exceedingly in the matter of shade. In good jobs, a cream paper is the best to use. In cheaper work, buy a white paper of the greatest brilliancy of colour, due regard being given to the price. Blue papers are suitable only for office jobs, and are nearly always specially ordered. It must also be borne well in mind, that the trade term "yellow wove" paper is applied to one of a light blue colour. In using blue papers, always examine the colour thoroughly to see that it is of an even shade throughout.

Strength. A good paper will bear a fair amount of handling, either way of the sheet. It will be found useful to tear the sheet asunder in each direction. The result should be very nearly the same each way, the sheet shewing capacity to stretch in either direction;

any defect in this particular indicates a hurried manufacture, and a consequent necessity for care in use.

Sizing. Press one side of the sheet against the tongue, and observe the effect produced. If the paper be thoroughly sized, no moisture will penetrate the sheet; or, write with a pen and ink upon the sample, and after a couple of minutes look at the reverse side of the sheet, and observe whether the ink has penetrated through it. It will be found very advisable not to use paper that has been too well sized. Paper with a very fine surface, glossy, and of great smoothness is the best for use.

Surface. The higher the gloss of paper, the better the appearance of the print. It is a matter of disagreement among printers as to whether glazing before or after printing is the better plan. It will unquestionably be found more advantageous, particularly in delicate and displayed typography, to glaze the paper first and print dry. This enables all head and leading lines to be prominently shown. These remarks apply to good papers only.

Weight. Some judgment is required in determining the most suitable paper in respect to weight. The paper maker can easily arrange this matter and produce a paper of any weight, say of 20 or 40 lbs. of the same size. This must, however, be left to the question of taste and other conditions of the job. In choosing a heavy paper, it will be found advisable to fold the sample tightly to observe the effect of the fold mark. In very common papers, the surfaces of the sheet will give way, disclosing clay or other matter used in its manufacture. In such cases, great caution is necessary in the use of the paper.

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS. Never advocate the use of common paper. Select your paper with a view to the job for example, a weak paper is of no use for distribution or postage. When examining your paper, hold up a sample sheet before the light, and carefully scan it as to cleanliness, specks, spots, or dirt. In some cases the water-mark may be an objection. Bear in