6. Sheep are looked upon as the most profitable of live stock.

7. The price of beef has ranged from $2 to $8 per hundred; pork, from $3 to $10; generally about the same as beef; butter, 10 cents to 30 cents per pound; cheese, 6 cents to 25 cents. 8. Beef can be produced at the least cost of any meat. 9. It is impossible to tell what is the average yield of butter per cow annually. It will range from three pounds to ten pounds per week, according to the quality of the cow, and the keeping.

10. I cannot tell the relative cost of butter and cheese. Cheese is not made on the factory system in this vicinity.

11. Durham cattle are the most profitable for beef. Some prefer a cross or grade. Devons are considered best for the dairy. Some think a cross of Devon and Durham best. There are not many, if any, other cattle of distinct breeds in this vicinity. There is a different opinion as to working oxen; some prefer one and some another breed. Devons have been introduced into this section with very good results. They were obtained in Vermont. The same may be said as to the advantages of the Durham. I cannot say where they were obtained.

12. We have several varieties of good horses for all purposes. I cannot say which is the best. Morgan," "Black Hawk,” Sampson," etc., etc., are good.

13. Spanish Merino sheep, and their grades, are the prin-, cipal breed of sheep in this vicinity. There are some of the different breeds of long-wool and South-Downs, but they are not numerous. We have flocks of from 200 to 400, that average six pounds washed wool. The average of flocks will vary from four to seven pounds. Sheep have been fattened for market some, but not extensively-mostly wethers, three years old and over. They are considered profitable. The largebodied sheep are considered to be the most profitable for mutton. The Spanish Merino is now the ruling breed here. They were introduced from Addison county, Vermont, and are mostly

what are called Paulars. I sheared my two-year-old ram June 6th, this year, and took from him 182 pounds unwashed wool, very nice and clean. His body weighed 89 pounds after he was shorn. He is descended from the Stickney, Robinson & Rich flocks, of Shoreham, Vermont.

14. There is not as much attention paid to swine as there should be. No distinct breeds are kept. Hogs are slaughtered at from twelve to eighteen months old, as a general rule; weight, from 150 to 500 pounds.

15. Mowers and reapers, drills and horse-rakes, are the principal labor-saving machines used here.

16. The Cayuga Chief, Buckeye, and the Ball mowers, are good. Some prefer one, some another.

17. Corn-planters are not much used. Grain-drills are used considerably. We have no broadcast sowing machines. The drill works well. Wheat drilled will produce enough more to pay for the labor of sowing. A machine is used for sowing clover and grass-seed and plaster, with good results. The names of the manufacturers I do not recollect.

18. The revolving and spring-tooth horse-rakes are used. The spring-tooth goes on wheels, and the operator rides while raking the hay. It is generally preferred.

19. Horse-pitchforks are not used enough to test their qualities. Last season (1863) was the first that they were used to much extent. They are generally liked.

20. No hay-tedders used. In plows and cultivators we adopt all the principal improvements of the day.

21. Not much attention is given to the saving of manure, except in a very few cases. It is thrown into the yards, and there left to leach and evaporate, and at such leisure as the farmer gets it is hauled to the land.

22. Stable manure is applied to corn and other spring crops more than any others. As to the ratio of increase in the crop from their use, I cannot tell, as no exact account has been kept.

23. Plaster is used at the rate of 50 pounds to the acre for

clover or wheat, and corn is plastered in the hill with good results. On clover it will nearly double the crop; on corn it adds one-quarter; on wheat the same. It costs $6 to $10 per

ton.

24. The advance of price on wood-land has been but little in the last five years, say 20 to 25 per cent. Wood has advanced somewhat. Pine timber lands have advanced 100 per cent. in the last two years. Pine lumber is now worth from $9 to $20 per M.

25. In clearing land the trees are generally chopped for logging or for fire-wood, except pine, which is sawed into lumber of the different kinds.

26. Wages are from $18 to $25 per month for the summer season, and from $16 to $20 by the year. From $1 to $1 50 by the day.

27. Under-draining has been commenced in some places quite largely. Some use tile and some stone. The result is about the same. It is done more on low, wet or springy land than any other; but to a considerable extent on some uplands. I cannot state the precise cost. It depends much on the soil and material, &c.

28. Manures should be more cared for, and cattle and sheep housed and more protected from the storms. The agriculturist should be educated to know that much can be made from a small piece of land, if properly tilled. There is a great lack of economy in almost all branches of agricultural pursuits, and much could be done to improve them in nearly every particular. Too much land is worked for profit. There is too little agricultural reading. Too little interest is taken in fruit culture.

1. The soil of this section has been cultivated thirty years. East of this village the land is heavily timbered with beech and maple. The land is generally mucky, with clay; some parts are sandy, gravelly and wet. West, the land is more rolling, timbered, oak openings, interspersed with oak plains.

Both

2. The principal crop has been and still is wheat. The amount sown has generally increased. The yield varies from 15 to 25, and in some cases 35 bushels to the acre. white and red are raised. The Mediterranean is the hardiest, and usually the most productive. Corn, oats, barley and spring wheat are raised in large quantities.

3. Wheat has sold at various prices, from 50 cents to $2 per bushel. The price here is usually 10 cents less than in Detroit. Spring wheat is 121 to 15 cents lower than winter. Corn has varied from 30 cents to $1 per bushel; oats from 15 to 75 cents per bushel; barley from $1 to $2 per bushel. Wheat has been the most profitable. Hay has sold from $5 to $12 per ton. Probably not more than one-tenth of the hay is sold; the balance is fed out on the farm. About half the corn and two-thirds of the oats are sold. There is as much land

devoted to wheat as to all the other crops.

4. Apples are the principal fruit, and a large extent of land is in orchard, and is very profitable. The apples are sent to Chicago and the eastern markets, and some to Scotland. An orchard of twenty acres will make as much net profit as one hundred acres in grain and hay. Apples usually sell at from 25 to 50 cts. per bushel. Peaches 50 cts. to $2 per bushel. They were all killed last winter. Pears 50 cents to $1 per bushel.

5. Swedish turnips, carrots and mangel wurzel are raised and fed on the farm. The latter are considered the best for milch cows. There is no market for them.

6. Sheep and horses are the most profitable, although beef cattle have been raised to a pretty large extent.

7. Beef sells at $3 to $6 per hundred. Pork $4 to $8. Mut

ton $3 to $5. Butter 10 to 30 cents per pound. Cheese 8 to 15 cents.

8. Beef can be most cheaply produced, particularly in the fall, as young cattle will get quite fat on grass.

9. The average annual yield of butter per cow,is about 100 pounds; of cheese, 200 pounds. Good cows will make from 150 to 200 pounds of butter.

10. There is so little cheese made in this vicinity that it bears a higher price in proportion to butter than is usual at the East. Last summer cheese was as high as butter. There is not cheese enough made for home consumption, and it is brought from Ohio and Western New York. Cheese is made on the old system, each dairy-woman making what she can when the weather is too warm for making butter.

The Durham, or Short-horn, and Devonshire cattle are the principal and favorite breeds. The former are preferred for beef, and the Devons for working oxen. The grades make the best milkers. There has been a great improvement by the introduction of good bulls from the State of New York.

12. The Morgan horse is considered the best for all purposes; but some large, heavy horses have been brought in from Canada—a mixture of French. From 14 to 16 hands high is desired, and 1,200 to 1,400 pounds weight, for farm work. Lighter horses will do well for traveling. The stock of horses has been very much improved within twenty years.

13. The French and Spanish Merino sheep are more numerous than all others. Good fleeces average from five to eight pounds each, washed. Prices average about 50 cents, although last year (1863) the price was 60 to 75 cents. Wethers are fattened for market. The South Downs and Leicesters are the heaviest. The stock of sheep has been very much improved by the introduction of pure-blood Merinos from Vermont and Western New York.

14. Leicester and Sussex [Suffolk?] swine are the most