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contaminating sight here she dwelt in peace, improving daily in every virtue and accomplishment that could adorn her sex. The mother, meantime, distressed in her eircumstances in proportion to the decay of those charms which now failed to procure her admirers, resolved, for a pecuniary consideration, to sacrifice her too lovely daughter at the same shrine of prostitution to which she had herself been led a willing victim. The thought was no sooner entertained than executed. She quitted the habitation of misery and contempt, and, like an infernal demon, entered the abode of inno

cence and peace. Julia was claimed, and carried unresisting and unknowing to her mother's dwelling; who having, through the means of a common pander of vice, obtained the promise of a large sum from an abandoned reprobate, to whom her daughter was to be sacrificed, disclosed the plan, cloaked under the false garb and specious mask of pleasure, to her own offspring. From so infamous a proposal, even thus coloured and disguised, the virtuous, innocent Julià shrank, as at the sight of a basilisk. From arguments and entreaties her mother proceeded to threats, in case a compliance should not be given within the period of a few days. Neither the prayers nor tears of her virtuous daughter, in the mean time, made the smallest impression on the obdurate heart and debased mind of the vicious parent. A sense of filial duty prevented the suffering Julia from disclosing the horrid scheme in agitation. The debauched douard, who, by dint of bribery, was to triumph over such virtue, saw her in this trying situation, and was just meditating to seize upon his prey, when, with fearful steps, she flew for relief to a former friend of her father's. She mentioned not her situation such as it was the dreadful alternative that awaited her-the brink of ruin on which she stood but only solicited to be reinstated in her former residence, where she might once more find happiness in retirement. This was readily promised, but, alas! too late to prevent the catastrophe that ensued. Julia returned home, but to what a home! a fiend awaited her arrival! she had to encounter immediate infamy, dishonour, and ruin !!— Here let me draw a veil over the melancholy history; suffice it to add, that Julia, in the hour of despair, friendless, unprotected, and left to her distracted thoughts, sought refuge in another and a better world. Hers had not been a life of pleasure, but it had been a life of peace and innocence; could then her unsullied mind bear up against the stigma of vice, the scorn of the severely virtuous, of such whose hearts had never possessed half ber innate modesty and worth, yet to whose slights and contumely she must have been hourly exposed? Her soul shrank from the prospect, urged by despair, she hurried from ANN. REV. VOL. I.

her mother's blasting sight, and, bereft of reason, rushed unbidden into the presence of her Maker! Poor Julia!--and shall a deed committed in the hour when reason was overpowered by the phrenzy of despair, cancel· the purity of thy life, unmarked almost by error? Ah, no! the many acts of virtue thou hast done shall plead for thee at the throne of mercy, and there mayest thou still look down and witness the tear of sympathy I shed on thy sorrows and untimely fate.-Peace to thy manes !-sweet Julia.""

Mr. Wolff's are all sketches: he calls

them sketches, and we have no right to expect the performance of more than is promised: at Rome, the Pantheon, the Coliseum, St. Peter's, the paintings of the Vatican, &c. &c. are sketched with a few rapid strokes and dismissed: his 'sketches' of character and manners are many of them master pieces. The scene in the coffee-room of les quatre nations we have already alluded to: that at the post-house at Poggibonzi, where, as luck would have it, our traveller fell in with il padre Anselmo and his merry brethren of the monastery, is equally well drawn.

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From Rome Mr. Wolff took a trip inof Pozzuoli and of Naples, its Corso and to the Neapolitan dominions: a sketch' San Carlo, is drawn with a rapid but no vulgar pencil. Our traveller paid a / visit to Vesuvius, and witnessed a faint eruption from its crater: Herculaneum and Pompeia, of course, could not elude his curiosity.

laneum as his workmen were digging a The duke d'Elbeuf discovered Hercuwell in his garden at Portici, in 1736. Whatever statues, fragments of ornaments, paintings, and other curious remnants are discovered in this subterraneous search, are immediately removed an immense collection is formed of all to the king's museum at Portici, where the antiquities that have been thus rescued from oblivion. The museum is moreover enriched with all the curiosi ties which have been dug out of Pompeia: by order of government, a work is now carrying on, descriptive of these wondrous fragments; it already amounts to six volumes in folio, and is daily increas ing. After having gratified his taste, Mr. Wolff returned to Rome, and with his compagnon de voyage, Mr. Noring, secretary to the Swedish minister at the British court, they once more bent their steps to Florence.

G

At half a dozen miles from Terni, stands Mount Clus, from the cavities of which issues, in summer, a strong cooling wind it is worthy of remark that the inhabitants of a small town called Ceci, convey this refrigerating air by pipes into their houses in the same manner as water is usually conveyed.

From Florence we are carried to Bologna, thence to Modena, the birth-place of Corregio, the circumstances of whose

death bring to our author's mind the more frightful and horrible particulars of the murder of Winkleman. From Modena we fly to Turin, Lyons, and Paris, where we reluctantly take our leave of this entertaining traveller.

This work is presented to the public in a very handsome dress, the paper and typography are both beautiful, and the vignettes are designed with elegance.

Illus.

ART. XV. Tavols in Greece and Turkey, undertaken by Order of Louis XVI. and with the Authority of the Ottoman Court. By C. S. SONNINI, Member of several Scientific Societies, of the Societies of Agriculture at Paris, and of the Observers of Men. trated by Engravings and a Map of those Countries. Translated from the French. 8vo. 2 vols. about 420 pages each.

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THE honourable reception, as well in England as in France, of Mr. Sonnini's travels in Upper and Lower Egypt; a reception amply merited by the body of information so various, so interesting, and so important which that work contained; has at once afforded the author a most grateful recompense for his labours, and imposed upon him what he considered an obligation, to draw from his port-folio the account, which in his travels through Greece and Turkey, he had drawn up concerning those far-celebrated countries.

Shall we here enlarge on the genius, the taste, and the science of Soanini? is the editor of Buffon a Tyro in science? is his skill, and are his acquirements as a naturalist, yet unknown? are we yet to be informed of the brilliancy of his imagination, the solidity of his understanding, and the philosophic cast of mind which he enjoys? At once then let us accompany our traveller and confide in his narrative: his fidelity and his abilities have been equally tried.

The first remark that occurred to us in opening these volumes was, that Mr. Sonnini has given a more favourable account of the modern Greeks, than the generality of his predecessors: the expressions of Mr. de Pauwe, descriptive of the abasement of this unhappy race, are unqualified in their severity. Indeed it has been a good deal the fashion to confound the Greeks and their conquerors too much together: that the former have degenerated under the disgraceful yoke of the proud Turk, is doubtless true, but we would willingly hope that the degree of that degeneracy has been

exaggerated by Mr. Pauwe, Mr. Dalla way, and other writers. One is the more inclined to believe that a sufficient discrimination has not always been made in this respect, and that the supposed, has been occasionally substituted for the real, or, more properly perhaps, the general for the particular influence of slavery on these descendants of their famed forefathers, from the coincidence which we observe in the characters of the Greeks, as they are drawn by Mr. Eton, in his survey of the Turkish empire, and by the author of the present work.

Mr. Eton, whilst he represents the Turks as a brutal and barbarian race, whilst he represents their residence in Europe almost as a disgrace to the civilized powers of it, and anxious for their expulsion from this quarter of the globe, endeavours to justify the hostile operations with which Russia has so repeatedly menaced them, is solicitous at the same time to show, that the Greeks have still some of the noble blood which flowed in the veins of their ancestors. "Conquered Greece," says he, " polished Rome-but the conquerors were Romans. Conquered Greece did not polish Turkey-for the conquerors were Turks." To the humiliating state of depression in which they are held by the Turks, he attributes, with obvious truth, most of the defects of the Grecian character as it exists at present. Notwithstanding this humiliation, he asserts, that their superiority over the Turks in knowledge is surprisingly great: he contends that their imagination is lively, that their genius and invention are fer tile, that they bear the Turkish yoke

with impatience, and that they possess a spirit of enterprise, which often prompts them to noble achievements.

Mr. Eton resided many years in Turkey, and consequently had that oppor tunity which long and repeated obserration affords of correcting the too frequent fallaciousness of first impressions: his authority is good, and on this account we have stated his opinion as corroborative of the following description of Sonnini:

"The man of these charming parts of GREECE is of a handsome stature; he carries his head high, his body erect, or rather inclined backward than forward: he is dignified in his carriage, easy in his manners, and nimble in his gait; his eyes are full of vivacity; his countenance is open, and his address agreeable and prepossessing; he is neat and elegant in his cloathing; he has a taste for dress, as for every thing that is beautiful; active, industrious, and even enterprising, he is capable of executing great things; he speaks with ease, he expresses himself with warmth; he is acquainted with the language of the passions, and he likewise astonishes by his natural eloquence; he loves the arts, without daring to cultivate them, under the brazen yoke which hangs heavy on his neck; skilful and cunning in trade, he does not always conduct himself in it with that frankDess which constitutes its principal basis; and if we still find in modern GREECE many of the fine qualities which do honour to the history of ancient GREECE, it cannot be denied, that superstition, the child of ignorance and slavery, greatly tarnishes their lustre; and we also discover in their disposition that fickleness, that pliability, that want of sincerity, in short, that artful turn of mind which borders on treachery, and of which the Greeks of antiquity have been accused.

"But this obliquity of character fortunately does not extend, or at least is very much weakened, among the women of the same countries. The Greek females are, in general, distinguished by a noble and easy shape, and a majestic carriage. Their features, traced by the hand of beauty, reflect the warm and profound affections of sensibility; the serenity of their countenance is that of dignity, without having its coldness or gravity; they are amiable without pretension, decent withbut sourness, charming without affectation. If, to such brilliant qualities, we add, elevation of ideas, warmth of expression, those fights of simple and ingenuous eloquence which attract and fascinate, a truly devoted attachment to persons beloved; exactness and fidelity in their duties, we shall have some notion of these privileged beings, with whom

mature, in her munificence, has embellished the earth, and who are not rare in GREECE. There it is that the genius of the artists of

antiquity would still have the choice of more than one model.”

It is true, indeed, that Sonnini has here drawn a comparative picture: his travels into Greece immediately followed his travels through Egypt: he compares the physical state of the two countries, and the character of the men who inha bit them; and what race of men would not profit by a comparison with the Copt, whose character partakes of the dryness and rudeness of the climate he lives in? His person is represented as short and heavy, his countenance dull and unmeaning, his disposition gloomy and melancholy; "his treachery is the more dangerous, as it is, in a manner, more concentered; having no taste for the arts, no flight of curiosity leads him to instruction; sedentary, because he has no vivacity in his mind, he seeks not to be acquainted with what surrounds him; lazy and slovenly, clownish and ignorant, unfeeling and superstitious, he has no longer any remembrance, nor even any trace remaining, of the greatness of his ancestors. What a difference between this nation, entirely degenerated, and that which still inha bits the beautiful countries of Greece!" We have already stated, on the autho rity of Mr. Eton, that the Greeks bear the burden of Turkish despotism with impatience: as it is of great importance to compare the accounts of contemporaneous travellers on moral, physical, and political subjects, it cannot be neCessary to apologize for referring once more to Mr. Eton, and noticing the coincidence of his account with that of Mr. Sonnini. "Were the weight of this despotism taken off," says Mr. Eton, "the elasticity and vigour of the soul would have wide room for expansion; and though it cannot be expected that they would at once rise to the proud animation of their former heroes, they would, doubtless, display energies of mind, which the iron hand of despotism has long kept dormant and inert. It is rather astonishing that they have re'tained so much energy of character, and are not more abased; for, like noble coursers, they champ the bit, and spurn indignantly the yoke; when once freed from these, they will enter the course of glory."

Sonnini, giving a hint to his country of too obvious meaning to be mistaken, asserts, that as the inhabitants of Egypt

would never have dreamt of breaking their chains had not the French undertaken their deliverance, so the Greeks, even should some enterprising genius rise up in the midst of them, and offer to lead them to victory and freedom, will never have sufficient confidence in themselves to shake off the odious fetters which gall and oppress them; "but should foreign forces, sufficiently imposing to banish fears, which, in weak minds, are inseparable from the uncertainty of success, make their appearance, not with projects of invasion, but as deliverers of Greece, insurrection against tyranny would become general; cohorts of courageous combatants would be formed on all sides; intelligent and active mariners would cover the sea with fast sailing vessels, which would rapidly carry succours and troops to all the points of the islands and coasts that would become those of the whole nation; all would second and bless their deliverers."

As it would extend this article to an unreasonable length, were we to accompany Sonnini in all his "cross and retrograde trips" among the islands of the Archipelago: rather than thus fasten ourselves, as it were, upon his rigging, we must take wing, and only alight here and there, as it may suit our convenience, without much retarding our flight, We must first perch, for a moment, on the island of Cyprus, the fertility of whose soil, the mildness of whose climate, the beauty of whose plains, the. variety and richness of whose productions, justly entitled it to the appellation of Macaria, or the Fortunate Island. Alas! the demon of despotism has here exercised its malignant sway: agriculture no longer calls into action the fecundity of the soil; the plains are barren, the old forests are felled, the beauty of the landscape is destroyed. The subterraneous treasures, for which this island was so celebrated, are no longer allowed. to enrich the degraded Cypriot; all boring, all searching, after mines is strictly prohibited; zinc, tin, iron, and particularly copper, once so abundant, once so renowned for the magnitude and beauty of its blocks, are now destined, by the barbarian Turk, to lie undisturbed in the bowels of the mountains which give them birth. The culture of the olive and the mulberry is in a great measure neglected: the fruit of the former no

longer furnishes sufficient oil for the supply of the inhabitants; and the destructive custom of lopping off the branches of the latter, for the purpose of giving their leaves to the silk-worms, together with the total abandonment of the culture of this tree in several quar ters of the island, seem to indicate a declining silk trade, which, however, is still of considerable importance. The culture of the cotton tree is also neglected: the whole island now affords to commerce but 3,000 bales of cotton; whereas, under the government of the Venetians, the annual quantity of the bales amounted to 30,000. The Carob, or St. John's bread tree, is cultivated with care, and furnishes a particular trade. When the Venetians possessed the island of Cyprus, they made there large plantations of sugar-canes, which succeeded as well as in Egypt. "But a stern barbarian, with sword and fire in hand," says the indignant traveller, “advanced as an exterminator of all pro perty, and proud of annihilating every trace of ameliorations, which were in his eyes the work of infidels, he caused to be burnt, with the sugar houses, those rich plantations, and thus devoted to sterility vast plains, destined to give fresh activity to industry and national prosperity." Should the French possess this island, the patriot Sonnini suggests the culture of the coffee tree: the soil and climate appear to be favourable to the vegetation of this shrub.

If a grinding despotism has blasted the luxuriance of nature, and, by a deadly touch, converted it to sterility; if it has crippled commerce, and destroyed the arts; if every thing, in short, which is good and useful, has decayed in Cyprus, every thing that is mischievous and valueless seems to pros per. Thousands of myriads of locusts sometimes destroy the fruits of the earth, and render frustrate the labours of the cultivator: "fire is less quick: in a few moments the stalks of the plants are laid down, and cut in pieces, the ears devoured, the crops de-stroyed, and the fields desolated. On their approach all verdure disappears, and they even gnaw the very bark of the trees." Various are the hypotheses re-specting the irruption of these insects; Sonnini inclines to that of Hasselquist, who conceives them to arrive from the Continent, where they must have been

formed in the midst of the deserts of Arabia, whence they depart, supported and impelled by the winds. Snakes are common, tarantulæ not uncommon, and that frightful spider is sometimes, though rarely, met with, whose aspect is represented as terrifying, and whose venom as striking with death whomsoever it reaches. Of this latter insect, which Sonnini, after Olivier, a celebrated naturalist, has called Galéode aranoide, or the scorpion spider, a minute description is given, illustrated by a plate.

At Rhodes the traveller calls to mind the noble energies displayed, and the valorous achievements accomplished, by the knights of St. John, in opposition to the successful, yet humiliated, arms of the proud Solyman. In several places of the city are to be seen marks of the ancient possession of the knights: a long street still preserves the name of Rue des Chevaliers and on the old houses which compose it, remain the armorial bearings of the members of the order. No vestiges are to be seen of the vast colossal figure for which this island was once so celebrated; no monument of art points out the ancient seat of genius, science, and of taste. Nothing remains to the Rhodian but a genial climate, a pure air, and a luxuriant soil; which, indeed, would yet make the island one of the most delightful abodes, but that the surly extorting Turk renders frustrate the efforts of nature, and paralyzes the sinews of industry and art. "Happiness no longer inhabits a land formerly fortunate; and the golden shower which the poets of antiquity caused to fall there as an emblem of its riches and brilliant advantages, is converted into a storm of desolation."

During his stay in the Archipelago, Mr. Sonnini became acquainted with Captain G***, the daring adventurer, who with a handful of fellow-slaves, carried off, during a holy festival, the Turkish flag-ship, in the very midst of the Ottoman fleet, and took her to Malta without resistance, while the mussulmans stood gazing with stupid astonishment at her expanded sails! The particulars of this bold enterprise he had from the intrepid commander himself, before whom the Greeks tremble as in the presence of the commander of the Turkish

vessels of war. Of Captain G*** several anecdotes, exhibiting his calm intrepidity and power, are related; the following shews that the unhappyGreeks are equally slaves to the Maltese and the Turks, and that the determined firmness of the former is scarcely less to be dreaded, than the violence and impetu osity of the latter.

"At ARGENTIERA I was shewn the site

of a house which he had caused to be pulled down, and which no one darst rebuild. This happened on the following occasion.

The fate of the Greeks, inhabitants of the small islands of the ARCHIPELAGO, abandoned to themselves, and who seemed to be sought only to be tormented and plundered, was truly deplorable. If a Turkish ship, or the smallest galiot belonging to that cominander becomes its despot; the chiefs nation, puts into one of these islands, the of the town or village hasten to kiss his hand, and receive his comminands. He disposes of every thing, causes to be delivered to him the provisions and all the articles of which he stands in need, imposes labours on the men, sets up for supreme judge, decides controversies, settles quarrels, condemns to fines which must be paid immediately, orders the bastinado, on the sole of the feet, to be applied as he thinks proper; in short, his stay spreads terror and consternation. Did a Maltese privateer appear in her turn, nearly the same scenes of the abuse and harshness of power and of debasement were represented, the same compliments, the same presents, the same tasks, the same arbitrary acts, the same humiliations, and sometimes even ill usage.

"One of the obligations of rigour imposed on these unfortunate Greeks, was, as soon as a Maltese or Turkish vessel cast anchor in their harbour, to station persons to look out on the most elevated points, in order to discoyer at a distance ships at sea, to give notice of their approach, and to skreen a more troublesome guest from the danger of being rived in the road of ARGENTIERA; watches surprised by his enemy. G*** had just arhad been placed according to custom, at the top of towers built on some eminences which overlook the village on every side; the captain of the privateer was on shore with pait of his crew, when a vessel was seen to enter the road. The negligence of the sentinel posted on the side from which the vessel G*** ordered came was cruelly punished: his house to be demolished, and forbad that, as long as he should live, any one should presume to build. on the same spot. The order was executed in every point, and, several years after, I saw the ruins of the habitation of a whole family over-run by

It participated with Cyprus in the appellation of Macaria.

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