Blanket Rate.-(a) A rate applicable from and/or to a group of points. (b) A special rate applicable on several different articles in a single shipment. Blanket Tariff Supplement.-A single publication containing additions to or changes in two or more tariffs. Blanket Waybill.-A waybill covering two or more consignments of freight.

Bona Fide. In good faith.

Bonded Warehouse.-A warehouse in which imported goods are stored and held under a bond for the payment of customs duties.

Bond of Indemnity.-An agreement made with a transportation line relieving it from liability for any action on its part for which it would otherwise be liable. (See Form 10.)

Booking. The act of making arrangements for the movement of goods by vessels.

Box Car. A closed car used for hauling freight.

Break Bulk. To unload and distribute a portion or all of the contents of a car.

Break Bulk Boat.-A term applied to a boat or lighter to denote that freight delivered to it by rail carriers must be first unloaded from the cars (not a car ferry or car float).

Break Bulk Point.-A point at which a portion or all of the contents of a car are unloaded and distributed. Bridge Toll.-A charge made for transporting traffic over a bridge.

Brief. A written abstract of testimony and pleadings in a case and commentaries thereon. Bulk Freight. Freight not in packages or containers. Bulkhead. A partition separating one part of a ship between decks from another part.

Bunker Charge.-A charge for loading into the bunkers of a vessel coal used by the vessel (does not include the cost of coal).

C

Caboose. A car attached to the end of a freight train for the use of the train's crew. Captain's Protest.-A document prepared by the captain of a vessel on arriving at port, showing conditions encountered during voyage-generally for purpose of relieving ship owner of any loss to cargo, thus requiring cargo owners to look to the insurance company for reimbursement.

Caretaker. A person accompanying a shipment requiring special attention while en route.

Carfloat.-A large flat-bottomed boat equipped with tracks on which railroad cars are moved across bodies of water.

Cargo. The lading of a vessel.

Cargo Tonnage (Weight or Measurement.)-The weight ton in the United States is 2,000 or 2,240 pounds, and in British countries it is the English long or gross ton of 2,240 pounds. In France and other countries having the metric system the weight ton is 2,204.62 pounds. The measurement ton is usually 40 cubic feet, but in some instances a larger number of cubic feet is taken as a weight ton. Most ocean freight is taken at weight or measurement (W/M), ship's option.

Car Lining.-Material placed on the walls of a car for the protection of goods.

Carload. (a) The quantity of freight required for the application of a carload rate; (b) a car loaded to its carrying capacity.

Carload Minimum Weight.-The least weight at which a shipment is handled at a carload rate.

Carload Rate. A rate applicable to a carload quantity of goods.

Car-mile. (a) A unit used incomparing freight earnings or expenses-the amount earned from, or the cost of, hauling a car of freight one mile. (b) The movement of a car one mile.

Car Service. The general service of a railroad in distributing and handling cars.

Car Seal. A device for fastening or locking the doors of cars.

Car Trust Bond.-A bond issued to cover the cost of railroad cars paid for from the issue of bonds and equipment lease to operating railroad.

Carrier. An individual or corporation engaged in the transportation of goods.

Cartage. The charge made for hauling freight on carts, drays or trucks.

Cartage to Shipside. The charge made for carting, draying or trucking freight to alongside a vessel. Carting. The hauling of freight on carts, drays or trucks.

Carting to Shipside. The carting, draying or trucking of freight to alongside a vessel.

Cash Against Documents.-Payment for goods upon presentation of documents evidencing shipment. Certificate of Origin.-A certified document as to origin of goods. (See Form 37.)

Certificate of Weight.-An authoritative statement of the weight of a shipment.

Chartered Ship.-A ship leased by its owner or agent for a stated time, voyage or voyages. Citation of Decision.-The reference made to the location of a decision or opinion rendered by a court or a commission. A citation such as 24 I. C. C., 368, would be to page 368 of volume 24, the Interstate Commerce Commission's Report.

Circuitous Route.—An extremely indirect route. Claim. A demand made upon a transportation line for payment on account of a loss sustained through its negligence.

Claim Tracer.-A request for advice concerning the status of a claim. (See Form 21.)

Classification (Freight).-A publication containing a list of articles and the classes to which they are assigned for the purpose of applying class rates, together with governing rules and regulations. (See Freight Classifications, page 26.)

Classification Rating.-The class to which an article is assigned for the purpose of applying class rates. Class 1 Railroads.-Railroads having annual operating revenue above $1,000,000.

Class 2 Railroads.-Railroads having an annual operating revenue from $100,000 to $1,000,000.

Class 3 Railroads.-Railroads other than Classes 1 and 2.

Class Rate. A rate applicable to a class rating to which articles are assigned in a Classification. Class Tariff.-A tariff containing only class rates. Class and Commodity Tariff.-A tariff containing both class and commodity rates.

Clean Bill of Lading.-A bill of lading receipted by carrier for merchandise in good condition (no damage, loss, etc., apparent), and which does not bear such notations as Shipper's Load and Count," etc. Cleaning in Transit.-The stopping of articles, such as peanuts, etc., at a point located between the points of origin and destination to be cleaned.

Clear Record. The receipt or delivery of freight without exception.

Cleat. A strip of wood or metal used to afford additional strength; to prevent warping; to hold in position.

Collector of Customs.-A representative of the United States Treasury Department acting for the government in connection with foreign traffic.

Combination Rate.-A rate made by adding together two or more rates published in different tariffs. (See Joint Combination Rate.)

Combination Through Rate.—A through rate made by adding together two or more rates published in different tariffs.

Commercial Attache.-A representative of the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce located in foreign countries for the purpose of assisting and fostering the foreign trade of the United States. Commodity. Any article of commerce. Goods shipped. Commodity Rate.-A rate applicable to an article described or named in the tariff containing the rate. Commodity Tariff.-A tariff containing only commodity rates.

Common Carrier.-A transportation line engaged in the business of handling traffic for the general public. Common Point.-A point reached by two or more transportation lines.

Common Tariff.—A tariff published by or for the account of two or more transportation lines as issuing carriers. Compartment Tank Car.-A tank car with compartments or separate tanks into which different kinds or grades of oil or other liquids may be transported. Competitive Point.-A point at which two or more transportation lines compete for the movement of traffic.

Competitive Rate.-A rate established by a transportation line to meet competition of another transportation line.

Competitive Traffic.-Traffic in the movement of which two or more transportation lines compete. Complainant.-A person or party who makes a complaint.

Concealed Damage.-A damage to the contents of a package that is in good order externally.

Concealed Loss.-A loss from a package bearing no indication of having been opened.

Concurrence (Tariff).-A document filed with the Interstate Commerce Commission by which a transportation

line concurs in rates, etc., published in connection with its line by a publishing agent or another transportation line. (See Power of Attorney.)

Conference Rulings of I. C. C.-The rulings of the Interstate Commerce Commission expressing the views of the Commission on inquiries involving special facts or requiring an interpretation and construction of the law.

Consignee.-The person to whom articles are shipped. Consignee Marks.-A symbol placed on packages for export, generally consisting of a square, triangle, diamond, circle, cross, etc., with designated letters and/or numbers for the purpose of identification.

Consignor. The person by whom articles are shipped. Constructive Mileage.-An arbitrary mileage allowed to a transportation line in dividing joint rates, etc., on a mileage prorate (not the actual mileage). Constructive Placement. When, due to some disability on the part of the consignor or consignee, a car can not be placed for loading or unloading at a point previously designated by the consignor or consignee, and it is placed elsewhere, it is considered as being under Construction Placement and subject to demurrage rules and charges, the same as if it were actually placed at the designated point. Consul.-A government official residing in a foreign country to care for the interests of his country. Consular Invoice.-A document required by some foreign countries showing exact information as to consignor, consignee, value, description, etc., of a shipment. (See Form 36.)

Consulate. The jurisdiction, terms of office or official premises of a consul.

Container.-Anything in which articles are packed.
Contra. Against.

Contraband.-Illegal or prohibited traffic.

Conversion. An appropriation of freight by a carrier.
Cubic Foot.-1728 cubic inches.

Cubical Capacity. The carrying capacity of a car
according to measurement in cubic feet.
Cummins Amendment.-An amendment to the Act to
Regulate Commerce relating to liability of transpor-
tation lines for loss of or damage to freight.
Custom House. The building where duties, tolls or im-
posts placed on imports or exports are paid and
vessels entered or cleared.

Customs Tariff.-A schedule of charges assessed by the government on imported or exported goods.

Ꭰ

Dead Space. Steamer space engaged but not used by the shipper.

Deadweight Tonnage.-The number of tons (2,240 pounds) of cargo, stores and bunker fuel that a vessel can transport. It is the difference between the number of tons of water a vessel displaces "Light" and the number of tons it displaces when submerged to the "load water line." Deadweight tonnage is used interchangeably with deadweight carrying capacity. A vessel's capacity for weight cargo is less than its total deadweight tonnage. (See Net Tonnage.)

demand or

Decline. To refuse to comply with a request. Defective Car.-A car having defects which are liable to injure a lading.

Defendant-A person or party answerable to a complaint.

Delay.-Time consumed in excess of schedule or usual time.

Delivering Carrier.-The transportation line by which a shipment is delivered to the consignee. Demurrage. A charge made on cars or vessels held by or for consignor or consignee, for loading or unloading, for forwarding directions or for any other purpose. Density of Traffic.-The amount of traffic handled per mile within a given locality. Deposition. Written testimony given under oath. Despatch Line.-Two or more transportation lines jointly operating through fast freight schedules. Destination. The place to which a shipment is consigned. Differential. The difference established between rates from related points of origin, or to related points of destination, or via different routes between the same points.

Differential Rate.-A rate established via a route from one point to another by deducting a fixed amount from, or adding a fixed amount to the rate via another route between the same points. (See Standard Rate.) Differential Route.-The line or lines which maintain differential rates.

Director General of Railroads.-The chief officer in charge of the railroads while under government control and operation.

Displacement of Vessel.-The weight, in tons of 2,240 pounds, of the vessel and its contents. Displacement "Light" is the weight of the vessel without stores, bunker fuel or cargo. Displacement "Loaded" is the weight of the vessel, plus cargo and stores. Distance Rate.—A rate that is applicable according to distance.

Diversion. A change made in the route of a shipment in transit. (See Reconsignment.)

Divert. To change the route of a shipment in transit. (See Reconsign.)

Dockage. The charge made for the use of a dock. Dock and Wharf Bond.-Bonds issued to provide funds for the construction and equipment of docks and wharves.

Dock Receipt.-A receipt given for a shipment received or delivered at a pier or dock. When delivery of a foreign shipment is completed the dock receipt is surrendered to the transportation line and a bill of lading is issued. (See Form 33.)

Drawback.-A refund of customs duties paid on material imported and later exported.

Drayage. The charge made for hauling freight on carts, drays or trucks.

Drayage to Shipside.-The charge made for carting, draying or trucking freight to alongside a vessel. Draying. The hauling of freight on carts, drays or trucks.

Draying to Shipside.-The carting, draying or trucking of freight to alongside a vessel.

Drilling (Car.)-The handling or switching of cars in freight yards.

Dry Dockage-A charge against a vessel that is placed in a dry dock for inspection or repair.

Dump Car.-An open car equipped with devices for automatically dumping its contents.

Dunnage. The material used to protect or support freight in or on cars and vessels (bracings, false floors, meat racks, sawdust, etc.)

E

Elevating Charge (Vessel).—A charge for services performed in connection with floating elevators; also charges assessed for the handling of grain through grain elevators.

Embargo. To restrict or prohibit the acceptance and handling of traffic.

Eminent Domain. The sovereign power to take property for a necessary public use, with reasonable compensation.

En Route. On the way.

Entry (Customs).—A statement of the kinds, quantities and values of goods imported together with duties due, if any, and declared before a Customs Officer or other designated officer.

Equipment. The rolling stock of a rail line, or ships of a water line.

Equipment Bond.-A bond issued to cover cost of equipment of a railroad.

Estimated Weight.—The weight specifically stated in tariffs for goods shipped in certain packages, or in a certain manner.

Et cetera. And other things; and so forth.
Ex.-From.

Exception Sheet. (See Exceptions to Classification.) Exceptions to Classification.-A publication containing classification ratings and rules different from the classification ratings and rules contained in a major classification.

Excess Freight.-Freight in excess of quantity waybilled. (See Astray and Over Freight.) Exchange Bill of Lading.-A Bill of Lading issued in exchange for another Bill of Lading.

Ex Dock. From dock.

Ex Parte. From only one side or party.
Expense Bill.-(See Freight Bill.)

Export. To send goods to a foreign country.

Export License.-A certificate granting permission to export goods.

Express Train. (a) A passenger train which does not stop at all stations on its route. (b) A train consisting of Express Freight.

F

Fabrication in Transit. The stopping of metal goods at a point located between the points of origin and destination for further process of manufacture. Far East.-Western Coast of Pacific Ocean in vicinity of Japan, China, and Philippine Islands. Fast Freight Line.-Two or more transportation lines jointly operating through fast freight schedules.

Fifteenth Section Order.-An order issued by the Interstate Commerce Commission, granting authority to advance rates as required by Section 15 of the Act. (This provision of the Act expired by limitation January 1, 1920.)

Fixed Charges.-Charges which do not vary with an increase or decrease in traffic.

Flag Station. A station at which trains only stop upon being signalled.

Flat Car. An open car without sides, ends or top, used principally for hauling lumber, stone, heavy machinery, etc.

Fast Freight Train.-A freight train which does not stop at all of the stations on its route. Federal-Controlled

Carriers. Transportation lines under Federal control and operation during the period of January 1, 1918, to March 1, 1920. Feeding in Transit.—The stopping of shipments of live stock, etc., at a point located between the points of origin and destination to be fed and watered. Ferry Car. (See Trap Car.)

Fifteenth Section Application.-An application for authority to advance rates as required under Section 15 of the Act to Regulate Commerce. (This provision of the Act expired by limitation January 1, 1920.) Float Bridge. A bridge connecting car floats and rail landings.

Foreign Car. A car on the rails of a carrier by which it is not owned. (See Home Car.) Formal Complaint (Before I. C. C.)-A complaint filed with the Interstate Commerce Commission for investigation and adjudication under formal procedure provided by the rules of the Commission. (See Form, page 351.)

Foul Bill of Lading.—A Bill of Lading signed by carrier and indicating that a damage or shortage existed at the time of shipment.

Fourth Section Application.-A petition of a transportation line to the Interstate Commerce Commission for authority to publish charges not in conformity with the Fourth Section of the Interstate Commerce Act.

Fourth Section Order.-An order issued by the Interstate Commerce Commission permitting transportation lines to charge higher rates for a shorter than for a longer haul over the same route to avoid violation of the Fourth Section of the Interstate Commerce Act. Free-astray. A shipment miscarried or unloaded at the wrong station is billed and forwarded to the correct station, free of charges, account of being astray, hence the term "Free-Astray."

Free of Particular Average.-(a)

(American Conditions.) A term denoting that no claim for partial loss or damage will be allowed by assurers unless the loss or damage is caused by the boat or vessel, etc., being in a collision, or burnt, stranded or sunk. (b) (English Conditions.) A term denoting that no claim for partial loss or damage will be allowed by assurers unless the boat or vessel, etc., has been in a collision, or burnt, stranded or sunk.

Free of Particular Average under 5 per cent.-A term denoting that no claim under F. P. A. conditions will be allowed unless the actual damage or loss amounts to or exceeds 5% of the amount of the insurance policy.

Freight. Merchandise hauled by transportation lines. Freight Bill.

Destination Freight Bill.—A bill rendered by a transportation line to consignee, giving a description of the freight, the name of shipper, point of origin, weight, and amount of charges (if not prepaid). (See Form 7.)

Prepaid Freight Bill.-A bill rendered by a transportation line to shipper, giving a description of the freight, the names of consignee and destination, weight, and amount of charges.

Freight Charge.-The charge assessed for transporting freight.

Freight Claim.-A demand upon a carrier for the payment of Overcharge or Loss or Damage sustained by shipper or consignee.

Freight House.-The station facility of a transportation line for receiving and delivering freight. Freight Rate Authority.-Authority extended by the Director, Division of Traffic, United States Railroad Administration, for the publication of rates. Furniture Car.-A car equipped with facilities for safe and proper handling of furniture.

G

Gateway. A point at which freight moving from one territory to another is interchanged between transportation lines.

General Average (Marine Insurance).-A contribution made by the owners of a ship and its cargo toward a loss sustained by one or more of their number whose property has been thrown overboard or sacrified necessarily in order to save the ship and a part of its cargo.

General Order No. 28.-An order issued by Director General, U. S. R. R. Administration, dated May 25, 1918. and effective June 25, 1918, providing for general advance in freight and passenger rates. Commonly known as the 25% Advance Rate Order. Gondola Car.-An open car with sides and ends, used principally for hauling coal, sand, etc. Goods.-Merchandise in transportation. Grain Door.-A partition placed across the door of a car to prevent loss of grain by leaking. Grain Elevator.-A storehouse into which grain in bulk is carried upward by elevators and placed into bins arranged for the different grades of grain. Gross Ton.-2,240 pounds. Gross Tonnage (Vessel).—Applies to vessels, not to cargo. It is determined by dividing by 100 the contents, in cubic feet, of the vessels closed-in spaces. A vessel ton is 100 cubic feet. The register of a vessel states both gross and net tonnage. Gross Weight.—(a) The weight of an article together with the weight of its container and the material

used for packing. (b) As applied to a carload: the weight of a car together with the weight of its entire contents.

Guide Book.-A tariff containing instructions for waybilling and routing shipments and bases for rates to certain points.

H

Harbor. A port or haven where ships may anchor. Harbor Dues.-Charges assessed for services at harbors. Harbor Master.-An officer who attends to the berthing, etc., of ships in a harbor.

Heavy Lift Charge.-A charge made for lifting articles
too heavy to be handled by a ship's tackle.
Heavy Lifts.-Articles too heavy to be lifted by a ship's
tackle.

Hold Track. A track on which cars are held awaiting
disposal orders from a consignor or consignee.
Home Car.-A 'car on the tracks of its owner. (See
Foreign Car.)

I

Ibid.-(Ibidem) In the same place or decision. Icing Charge.-A charge made for icing perishable freight. Idle Hour System.-A system of distributing cars to coal mines under which the allotment of empty cars to each mine is increased or reduced according to the number of hours the mine is idle in comparison with other mines.

Import. To receive goods from a foreign country. Income Bond.-A bond issued by a railroad, secured by a lien against the income of the railroad. Indemnity Bond.-(See Bond of Indemnity.) Individual Tariff.-A tariff issued by a transportation line in its own name.

Industrial Carrier; Industrial Line; Industrial Road.— A short railroad owned or controlled by one or more of the principal industries served by it. It may be either a common carrier with all the rights and obligations attached thereto, or merely a private carrier or plant facility. Moreover, it may, whether a common carrier or a plant facility, be separately incorporated or operated merely as a department of the operating companies' business.

Inflammable Liquids.-Liquids that give off vapors which become combustible at a certain temperature. Informal Complaint (Before I. C. C.).—(a) A complaint filed with the Interstate Commerce Commission for the purpose of obtaining its permission and authority to remedy the condition complained of, the complainant and defendant being in agreement as to the merits of the complaint. (b) A complaint filed with the Interstate Commerce Commission in a case which may be handled and likely disposed of by the Commission through correspondence with the parties interested. (See Formal Complaint.)

In-re. In the matter of.

Insurance Broker. A person who places insurance for a shipper.

Inter.-Between.

Inter alia. Among other things.

Interchange Point.-A station located between point of origin and destination at which freight in the course of transportation is delivered by one transportation line to another.

Interchange Track.-A track on which freight is delivered by one transportation line to another.

Interchange Switching.-The service performed in transferring cars from one transportation line to another as a part of a transportation movement. Intercoastal.-Between one coast and another-as between the Atlantic and Pacific coasts. Interline.-Between two or more transportation lines. Interline Freight.-Freight moving from point of origin to destination over the lines of two or more transportation lines.

Interline Waybill.-A waybill covering the movement of freight over two or more transportation lines. Intermediate Carrier.-A transportation line over which a shipment moves but on which neither the point of origin nor destination is located.

Intermediate Clause.-A clause or basis contained in a tariff to provide for rates to a point not named therein, but which is intermediate to points that are named. Intermediate Point.-A point located between two other points specifically named. Interstate.-Between States. Interstate Commerce Act.-An Act of Congress regulating the practices, rates and rules of transportation lines engaged in handling interstate traffic. (See Act to Regulate Commerce.)

(See pages 270 and

Interstate Commerce Commission.583.) Interstate Traffic.-Traffic moving from a point in one State to a point in another State; between points in the same State, but passing through another State en route; and between points in the United States and foreign countries.

Inter-Terminal Switching.-The moving of cars from
a place on one transportation line to a place on another,
when both places are within the switching limits of the
same station or industrial switching district.
Intervene. To take action and participate in proceed-
ings that have been instituted by others.
Intra.-Within.

In transitu.—In transit; on the passage.
Intra-Plant Switching.-The moving of cars from one
place to another within the yards of a plant or industry.
Intrastate. Within a State.

Intrastate Traffic.-Traffic having origin, destination and entire transportation within the same State.

Initial Point. The point at which a shipment originates. Inland Carrier.-The transportation line which hauls export or import traffic between ports and inland points.

than intra-plant switching) from one place to another on the same transportation line within the switching limits of one station or industrial switching district. Issuing Carrier. The carrier by which a tariff is published or bill of lading or other documents are issued.