Voce 30 Duke Dishon, duke Ezer, duke Di- orum duces per eorum, cf. ad vs. 15. hodie uno ore plerique omnes profitentur came of the Horites; duke Lotan, duke Ver. 31-43. Au. Ver.-31 And these are the kings that reigned in the land of Edom, before there reigned any king over the children of Israel. 32 And Bela the son of Beor reigned in Edom: and the name of his city was Din habah. 33 And Bela died, and Jobab the son of 35 And Husham died, and Hadad the 36 And Hadad died, and Samlah of Masrekah reigned in his stead. 37 And Samlah died, and Saul of Rehoboth by the river reigned in his stead. 38 And Saul died, and Baal-hanan the son of Achbor reigned in his stead. 39 And Baal-hanan the son of Achbor died, and Hadar reigned in his stead: and the name of his city was Pau; and his wife's name was Mehetabel, the daughter of Matred, the daughter of Mezahab. 40 And these are the names of the dukes nah, duke Alvah [or, Aliah], duke Jetheth. 29 אֵלֶה אַלוּפִי הַחֹרִי אַלְוּף לוֹטָן -after their places, by their names; duke Tim אַלְוּף שׁוֹבָל אַלְוּף צִבְעוֹן אַלְוּף עֲנָה: 42 Duke Kenaz, duke Teman, duke Mibzar, 29 οὗτοι δὲ ἡγεμόνες Χοῤῥί. ἡγεμὼν 43 Duke Magdiel, duke Iram: these be Λωτὰν, ἡγεμὼν Σωβάλ, ἡγεμὼν Σεβεγών, the dukes of Edom, according to their ἡγεμὼν ̓Ανὰ, 30 ἡγεμὼν Δησών, ἡγεμὼν habitations in the land of their possession: ̓Ασὰρ, ἡγεμὼν ̔Ρισών. οὗτοι ἡγεμόνες Χοῤῥὶ he is Esau the father of the Edomites [Heb ἐν ταῖς ἡγεμονίαις αὐτῶν ἐν γῇ Εδώμ. Au. Ver.-29 These are the dukes that Edom]. Bp. Patrick.-31 These are the kings that For reigned in the land of Edom.] It appears accounted for in this passage:-1st, The by this, that after several dukes (as we words, Before any king reigned over Israel, translate it) had ruled the country, the which seem to be of a later date than Edomites changed their government into a Moses. 2d, How Moses in his age could monarchy. And here follows a catalogue of give the succession of fourteen phylarchs of their kings. For I can find no ground for the Idumæans, then of eight kings succeedthe opinion of the Hebrew doctors, that ing each other, then again (verses 40-43) alluph, a duke, differed in nothing from of eleven phylarchs, who succeeded the kings melech, a king, but that the latter was in the government of the Idumæans. crowned, and the former not crowned. it appears scarcely credible that the short time which elapsed between Esau and Moses, would have been sufficient for the reign of so many successive princes. Those who maintain that this passage was written by Moses have given various solutions of these difficulties, which are examined by C. B. Michaelis ("De Antiquiss. Idumæorum Histor.") He, after rejecting the least Before there reigned any king over the children of Israel.] Moses having a little before this (xxxv. 11) mentioned the promise of God to Jacob, that "kings should come out of his loins; " observes, it is a thing remarkable, being a great exercise of their faith, that Esau's posterity should have so many kings and there was as yet no king in Israel when he wrote this book, nor (as probable explanations of this passage, it is commonly interpreted) a long time observes, that the words, Before there reigned after. This Moses might well write without any king in the land of Israel, afford no a spirit of prophecy; nor is there any proof of their not having been written by reason to say, this passage was inserted by Moses; since not only Moses, but all the somebody else after the death of Moses. Israelites, might have expected that kings We might rather affirm, if it were needful, would hereafter reign among them, from that Moses's meaning is, "All these were Gen. xxxv. 11:-" And God said unto him, kings in Edom, before his own time;" who I am God Almighty: be fruitful and mulwas the first king in Israel (Deut. xxxiii. 5). tiply: a nation and a company of nations For he truly exercised royal authority over shall be of thee, and kings shall come out them, as Mr. Selden observes, lib. ii. de of thy loins ;" and accordingly we find him Synedr. cap. 1, 2. foretelling that the Israelites should have a Ken. In these thirteen verses are men-king, Deut. xxxviii. 36 :—“The Lord shall tioned the kings which reigned in Edom bring thee, and thy king which thou shalt before any king reigned over Israel: con- set over thee, unto a nation which neither sequently, this record was written after there thou nor thy fathers have known; and there had been kings in Israel. Not being there- shalt thou serve other gods, wood and stone." fore written by Moses, these verses seem He observes also, that the words The 229? evidently taken from 1 Chron. i. 43-54::may be translated either in the from whence, having been inserted in the margin of some very antient MS. here in Genesis, they were afterwards taken into the text. A fate like this (as will be soon seen), has attended some other marginal insertions, which now very improperly make parts of the text. See "Gen. Diss.,” p. 9. Spinoza has quoted these verses, as furnishing one clear proof, that the Pentateuch was not written by Moses :-"Ex his luce meridianâ clarius apparet, Pentateuchon non a Mose, sed ab alio, et qui a Mose multis and that all the dukes and kings succeeded post sæculis vixit, scriptum fuisse." See "Tractat. Theolog. Polit.," p. 108; 4to., Hamb. 1670. future or the present tense, priusquam regnaturus est, or, antequam regnat rex Israelitis, while as yet no king reigns over the children of Israel. In answer to the second objection, that the series of dukes and kings mentioned in this chapter are too long to have succeeded each other in the short space of 238 years, Michaelis observes, that we have no grounds for supposing that the form of government was thrice changed among the Idumæans, each other in the order in which they are mentioned in this chapter [see the various notes, especially that of Schumann on verse 15]; for it is clear from a comparison of Numbers xx. 14 with Exodus xvi. 15. So also Boothroyd, who omits these verses in his translation of the Bible. Rosen. There are two difficulties to be [Numb. xx. 14, "And Moses sent mes 41 פִיכָן : T: IT Thus saith thy brother Israel, Thou knowest found us.] Exodus xvi. 15, Then the s אַלְוּף אָהָלִיבָמָה אַלְוּף אֵלָה אַלּוּף,sengers from Kadesh unto the king of Edom 42 אַלוּף קְנַוּ אַלּוּף תֵּימָן .all the travel that hath befallen us "Heb 43 אַלְוּף אַלְוּף מִבְצָר : אַלּוּף עִירָם אֵלֶה וּ אַלוּפִי אֲדוֹם dukes of Edom shall be amazed; the mighty לְמִשְׁבֹתָם בְּאֶרֶץ אֲחִנָּתָם הוּא עֵשָׂו upon them ; all the inhabitants of Canaan men of Moab, trembling shall take hold shall melt away.] that in the time of Moses, the kings and phylarchs reigned at the same 40 ταῦτα τὰ ὀνόματα τῶν ἡγεμόνων Ησαν, time. And lastly that in reckoning the time ἐν ταῖς φυλαῖς αὐτῶν, κατὰ τόπον αὐτῶν, ἐν during which the reigns of those dukes and ταῖς χώραις αὐτῶν, καὶ ἐν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν αὐτῶν. princes lasted, we must recollect that their ἡγεμὼν Θαμνὰ, ἡγεμὼν Γωλὰ, ἡγεμὼν Ιεθέρ, kingdoms were not hereditary, but were ob- 41 ἡγεμὼν Ολιβεμὰς, ἡγεμὼν Ηλὰς, ἡγεμὼν tained either by election or force, which pivov, would have greatly shortened the average length of their duration. Au. Ver.32 And Belah the son of Beor reigned in Edom: and the name of his city was Dinhabah. Ged.-For Belah [LXX., Balak] the son of Beor reigned the first in Edom, &c. 42 ἡγεμὼν Κενέζ, ἡγεμὼν Θαιμάν, ἡγεμὼν Μαζὰρ, 43 ἡγεμὼν Μαγεδιὴλ, ἡγεμὼν Ζαφωίν. οὗτοι ἡγεμόνες Εδώμ, ἐν ταῖς κατῳκοδομημέναις ἐν τῇ γῇ τῆς κτήσεως αὐτῶν. οὗτος Ἡσαῦ πατὴρ Εδώμ. Au. Ver.-40 And these are the names of the dukes that came of Esau, according to their families, after their places, by their names; duke Timnah, duke Alvah [or, 39 ἀπέθανε δὲ Βαλλενὼν υἱὸς ̓Αχοβὼρ, καὶ ἐβασίλευσεν ἀντ ̓ αὐτοῦ ̓Αράδ υἱὸς Βαράδ. καὶ ὄνομα τῇ πόλει αὐτοῦ Φογώρ. ὄνομα δὲ τῇ γυναικὶ αὐτοῦ Μετεβεὴλ, θυγάτηρ Ματραϊθ, υἱοῦ Μαιζοώβ. Au. Ver.-And Baal-hanan the son of Achbor died, and Hadar [1 Chron. i. 50. Hadad Pai. After his death was an aristocracy. Exod. xv. 15; cir. 1406] reigned in his stead and the name of his city was Pau; and his wife's name was Mehetabel, the daughter of Matred, the daughter of Mezahab. 41 Duke Aholibamah, duke Elah, duke 42 Duke Kenaz, duke Teman, duke Mibzar, 43 Duke Magdiel, duke Iram; these be the dukes of Edom, according to their habitations in the land of their possession : he is Esau the father of the Edomites. Pool. The names of the dukes, of their persons, and generations, and families. The state of Edom between the times of Esau and Moses seems to have been this; there were first dukes, then kings, and after them dukes again. But if it be objected, that the time was too short for a succession of so many persons, it may be replied, that Pool.-Either Matred was the father, and what is confessed concerning the dukes preMezahab the mother; or Matred was the ceding the kings, might be true also of these mother, and Mezahab the grandmother. succeeding dukes, and that the Edomites Schum.-39] hæc verba either having taken some distaste at kingly positionem referenda sunt aut ad government, or differing about the choice of ideoque reddenda cum iis: filia Matreda, a new king, divided themselves again into filiæ Mesahabi aut ad hoc modo: several petty principalities or dukedoms; and so several of those were dukes at the filia Madredi (patris) filia Mesahabæ (matris) same time in divers parts. vel sicut v. 2, de Oholibama dicitur: filia Matredi, neptis Mesahabi. Illam translationem cum Vulg. secutus est Lutherus; istam Aben-Esra in Commentar. ad h. 1.; hanc autem ob v. 2, nos sequamur. per ap Ged.-40 And these are the names of the princes the descendants of Esau, according denominations: The prince of Timnah, the to their kinships, their places, and their prince of Alvah, the prince of Jetheth, 41 The prince of Aholibamah, the prince of Elah, the prince of Pinon, ,Teman, the prince of Mibzar תִּמְנָע אַלְוּף עַלְיָה 42 The prince of Kenaz, the prince of M 43 The prince of Magdiel, the prince of Iram. These were the princes of Edom, according to their residences in the land of their possession. Such was Esau the father of the Edomites. Such was Esau. So also Schumann. He, with Geddes, takes the proper names in these verses to denote the regions of Idumæa in which the phylarchs settled. sunt phylarchi posterorum Eliphasi, Reguelis, Oholibamæ. Quocirca haud scio annon minus recte illa converterit Schott: hæc fuerunt nomina principum, qui ex Esavo oriundi sunt; contra Ewald (Compos., p. 254): hi sunt phylarchi, quos Esavus tribubus suis præfecit. Cfr., v. 43. Postremo observemus oportet, nomina propria, quæ subsequantur, esse secundum v. 40 et 43, 40 Sequitur, ut de ultima parte genea- regionum Idumææ, in quibus phylarchi logiæ Esavidarum pauca dicamus, quæ effi- sederint, appellationes, quanquam non potest ciant, ut consilium genealogi, quod in omnium ratio geographica reddi. Nam adornanda tota illa secutus sit, accurate, quomodo v. 12, pellex Eliphasi nomiperspicias. Sunt enim, qui putent, vel hic alteram phylarchorum Edomitarum tabulam, a prima 15-19, aliquanto alieniorem, proponi (Vater ad h. 1.), vel posteros trium filiorum Esavi ex Oholibama susceptorum exponi (V. C. B. Michaelis in comment. 1, § 27. Rosenmuelleri Scholl. ad h. 1.) vel genealogiam ex alio catalogo petitam annexam esse (vid. Clericus) vel vv. 31-43, sive ab Esra sive ab alio hagiographo scriptore aut ordine suo mutatos aut interpolatos esse. Vid. Rom. Telleri translationem ver natur, significat fortasse Amalecitas pariter -Sic postremo ex [הוּא עֵשָׂו אֲבִי אֱדוֹם 43 clamat genealogus, genealogia Edomitarum CHAP. XXXVII. 2. naculam Biblior. Anglic., vol. i. p. 333. Yawna nõi ajo nigba i nba primo quidem errarunt, quod v. 40, cum v. עֶשְׂרֵה שָׁנָה הָיָה רֹעֶה אֶת־אֶחָיו בַּיֹּאן Sed hi omnes a vero aberrasse videntur. Ac וְהוּא נַעַר אֶת־בְּנֵי בִלְהָה וְאֶת־בְּנֵי parum accurate contulerunt caque inter ,15 זִלְפָּה נְשֵׁי אָבִיו וַיָּבֵא יוֹסֵף אֶת־דִּבָּתָם -se confuderunt, quie iam titulo satis dig 2 αὗται δὲ αἱ γενέσεις Ἰακώβ. noscuntur. Namque hic dissertis verbis πατρὸς αὐτοῦ. κατήνεγκαν δὲ Ἰωσὴφ ψόγον κατήνεγκαν] κατήνεγκεν vi. 72, 75, 106, 2. Itaque credibile est, respici tempora Davidis, qui Edomitas in potestatem Au. Ver. 2 These are the generations of suam redegit iisque phylarchos præfecit. Jacob. Joseph, being seventeen years old, Vid. 2 Sam. viii. 14; 1 Reg. xi. 15, 16; 1 was feeding the flock with his brethren; and Chr. xviii. 12, 13. Rosenmuelleri Alter- the lad was with the sons of Bilhah, and thumsk., vol. iii. p. 71, s.-pning with the sons of Zilpah, his father's wives: hac autem sunt nomina phylarchorum and Joseph brought unto his father their sive tribuum Esavidarum. y h. 1. est nomen evil report. patronymicum ideoque reddendum: Esavi- Pool. These are the generations of Jacob. darum, posterorum Esavi, quomodo supra After these words Bishop Horsley inserts v. 16, v. 17, v. 18, the following verses from chapter xxxv. 22 Now the sons of Jacob were twelve: 23 The sons of Leah; Reuben, Jacob's first-born, and Simeon, and Levi, and Judah, and Issachar, and Zebulun: thought to have less emulation to him than the sons of Leah. But we see by this, how much our greatest prudence often fails: for Reuben and Judah, the children of Leah, 24 The sons of Rachel: Joseph, and had more kindness for Joseph than any of Benjamin: the rest. 25 And the sons of Bilhah, Rachel's handmaid; Dan and Naphtali : Au. Ver.-And Joseph brought unto his father their evil report. So Rosenmüller and the best commentators. Ged., Booth. An evil report of them. 26 And the sons of Zilpah, Leah's handmaid; Gad, and Asher: these are the sons of Jacob, which were born to him in Padan-aram. He gives no reason for this transposition | father that they quarrelled among each other. except that the verses seem to him to be out of their proper place. Hec verba ad unum omnes [רֹעֶה אֶת־אֶחָיו convertunt: pascens una cum fratribus greges. Pool. The generations, i.e., the events Sed contextui optime respondeat impropria or occurrences which happened to Jacob in verbi significatio: gubernavit, saluti his family and issue. So that word is used prospexit, inspexit (de qua cfr., Gen. xlviii. Gen. vi. 9; Numb. iii. 1. Or the word 15; 2 Sam. vii. 7; Mich. v. 4; Prov. x. these may relate to what is said Gen. xxxv. 21; Ps. xxiii. 1; lxxx. 2; græс. Tоaivew 22, &c. The genealogy of Esau being Act. xx. 28; 1 Petr. v. 2, Toμéves λawv brought in by way of parenthesis, and that Hom. Iliad, i. 263), ita ut Iosephus mores being finished, Moses returns to the genera- fratrum cum grege versantium inspexerit. tions of Jacob, as his principal business. Quam sententiam commendat primo hoc, and proceeds in the history of their concerns. quod auctor statim ab initio monstrare vult, See also note on Gen. vi. 9. qua de causa Iosephus fratribus in odium venerit, ideoque explicationis causa v. 2, ea addidit, quæ declarent, Iosephum, qui, etsi liberorum Bilhæ et Silphæ natu minimus et frater germanus fuisset, apud fratres in gregibus inspectoris munere functus malos eorum rumores ad patrem detulisset, patris quidem erga se amorem auxisse (v. 3) sed fratrum odium inflammasse (v. 4.) In his igitur reperitur prima nota inspectoris. Deinde quod dominium in fratres Iosepho in gregibus fuerit, idem in agris ipsi fuisse inter metendum, primi somnii portentum declarat mani Ged.-1 But Jacob dwelt, &c., in the land of Canaan. 2 Where the following events happened to him. Joseph, when but a lad of seventeen years old, fed the flocks with his brothers, the sons of Bilhah, and the sons of Zilpah, his father's wives. And Joseph brought to his father an evil report of them. Au. Ver.-Was feeding the flock with his brethren. Schum.-Inspected (the ways of) his brethren. See below. Au. Ver. The lad was with the sons of pulis manipulum Iosephi venerantibus. Bilhah, &c. Denique Iosepho v. 14, a patre denuo mandatur inspectoris munus in fratribus et gregibus administrandum. Bp. Patrick. These words vehu naar, signify he was very young, in the simplicity of his childish years; and come in by way detulitque malam eorum obtrectationem. of a parenthesis, in this manner. Joseph, hic active intelligendum est de obtrecbeing seventeen years old, was feeding the tatione, qua semet ipsos fratres insectati flock with his brethren (and he was but a sunt. Nihil enim rei naturæ convenientius youth, inexperienced, and therefore called est quam loqui de rixis inter fratres ortis, id a child, ver. 30), with the sons of Bilhah, quod sexcenties usu venit. Itaque sic &c. Which last words are an explication of mentem explanandam censeo: Iosephus, the former, showing with which of his fratres inter se valde obtrectare atque rixari, brethren he was. Not with the sons of ad patrem detulit. Plerique tamen passive Leah, but with the sons of Jacob's hand- illud explicant de infamia, quæ de iis sparsa maids particularly with Bilhah's, whom we sit, adeoque nonnulli in crimine, quod commay look upon as a mother to him now misissent, indagando operam collocarunt. Rachel was dead, having waited upon her. Cum LXX. sentiunt Aquila, Onkelos, SaAnd Zilpah's sons are also mentioned in the maritanus, Syrus, et Arabs uterque; itidem second place, as those, it is likely, who were Vulg. convertit: accusavitque fratres suos |