Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States

61 Same to same (No. 90).

1886. July 28

Mr. Denby to Mr. Bayard. Oct. 9 (No. 221.)

Obstruction of southern channel of Canton River
to prevent hostile ships menacing Canton: De-
termination of Chinese authorities not to re-
move barriers; a nation can place obstructions
in its rivers in time of war, but must remove
them in time of peace; instances cited when
this has been done; instructed to use energies
to have obstruction removed; affirms position
assumed by Department in 1884.
Missionaries in China: Their rights under treaties
do not include that to settle in the interior;
they should insist on no doubtful rights; rights
of Chinese in America and Americans in China
compared.

Nov. 17 Floods in the province of Chihli: Devastation
and suffering caused thereby; measures of re-
lief taken by the Emperor and Empress.

CORRESPONDENCE WITH THE LEGATION OF CHINA AT WASHINGTON.

100

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Claims vs. United States for indemnification for
loss of lives and property of Chinese by a mob
at Rock Springs, Wyoming Territory: Subject
reviewed; indemnity due both by treaty and
reciprocity; China has frequently paid similar
claims; conduct of United States in cases of
attacks upon their citizens; report of Chinese
investigating committee, list of killed and
wounded, estimated property losses, and reports
relative to Chinese indemnity claims, to pro-
tection of Americans in China, and to payment
by United States of indemnity for loss to Span-
iards by mob at New Orleans in 1851 inclosed.

Demonstrations against Chinese on the Pacific
Coast: Adoption of protective measures to se-
cure treaty guarantees asked for.
Outrages against Chinese on the Pacific coast:
telegrams from Chinese merchants transmitted.
Claims vs. United States for indemnification for
loss of lives and property of Chinese by a mob
at Rock Springs, Wyoming Territory: Occur.
rence deplored; United States desire to give full
protection to all; treaty rights on both sides re-
viewed; treaties not reciprocal; rights of Chi-
nese in the United States; liability to indemnify
individuals for losses growing out of violation
of public law denied: reparation should be
Bought through the courts; circumstances may
induce President to recommend to Congress to
give pecuniary relief, but not as of right.

COLOMBIA.

101

154

156

158

1886.

68 Mr. Bayard to Mr. Jacob Apr. 12 (No. 20)

Newspapers: Suspension of the "Star and Her-
ald" and "La Estrella de Panama," belonging
to Americans, by the Government of Panama;
instructed to protest against breach of treaty;
correspondence with managers and consul at
Panama inclosed.

69 Same to same (No. 30)..................... May 13 Newspapers: Suspension of the "Star and Her

ald" and "La Estrella de Panama." belonging
to Americans, by Government of Panama; Co-
lombia will disavow act and rebuke governor of
Panama, or assume full responsibility.

168

171

70 Same to same (No. 31).

1886. May 15

Subject.

Newspapers: Suspension of the "Star and Her-
ald" and "La Estrella de Panama," belonging
to Americans, by Government of Panama; case
reviewed; sufficiency of alleged reason for sus-
pension cannot be acquiescedin; act complained
of in no sense an infraction of law; if Colom-
bia has not replied to protest of consul-general
at Panama, ask a disavowal of act of governor
of Panama, or assumption of responsibility
therefor; further questions reserved.

71 Mr. King to Mr. Bayard June 26 Newspapers: Suspension of the "Star and Her-
(No. 41.)

72 Same to same (No. 81)...

ald" and "La Estrella de Panama," belonging
to Americans, by governor of Panama; protest
presented to Colombia; governor of Panama
censured and directed to re-establish "Star and
Herald;" he resigns and successor is appointed.
Oct. 22 Political: Adoption of new constitution; provis

ions stated; a strong central government sub-
stituted for former confederation; states' rights
abolished; states to be governed by federal
governors; how the new government was ac-
complished; new constitution inclosed.

COREA.

Page.

171

175

176

Telegraph line from Seoul to Peking completed:
Corea in telegraphic communication with the
world; Japan negotiating for telegraphic con-
nection with Corea.

Foreign settlement at Chemulpho: Terms of
agreement relative to, unsatisfactory; difficulty
in purchasing lots; protest of German subjects
against retention of purchase-money by Corean
authorities; grounds therefor; agreement
reached as to method of payment by German
representative with Corean authorities; posi-
tion taken by Mr. Foulk; he will insist that
American purchasers shall pay full price under
agreement; instructions regarding interpreta-
tion of agreement and its revision, if necessary,
requested.

Attack by Chinese upon Corean customs officers
at Chemulpho caused by frustration of attempts
to smuggle red ginseng: Outrage regarded as a
protest of Chinese community against subjec
tion to Corean customs laws: Disposition of red.
ginseng crops.

Affairs in Corea: Hereditary transmission of
slaves and guilds for furnishing slave labor
abolished; distribution of money among the
poor; government of Seoul to be reorganized;
census to be taken; school of medicine and
chemistry soon to be opened.

Ginseng: Note giving information relative to, in-
closed.

Mineral products of Corea: Report on, inclosed...
Foreign settlement at Chemulpho: Attempt to or-
ganize, has been made, under agreement with
Corean Government; provisions of agreement
stated; objections to contention of Corea that
she has the right to receive and retain all
proceeds of sale of lands until aggregate shall
equal amount expended in preparing site of set-
tlement; revision of agreement advisable; di-
vision of price of lots purchased between the
Government and municipality suggested; course
recommended by Mr. Foulk in case of American
purchasers may be adopted until definite ar
rangement is made.

Mineral products of Corea: Gold-mining statistics
inclosed.

Missionaries (American) in Seoul: Their work in
founding hospitals and schools highly appreci-
ated by the Corean Government.
Missionaries (American) in Seoul: Appreciative
acknowledgment of Mr. Foulk's No. 308.

207

210

213

214

215

219

221

222

223

Arrest and imprisonment of Julio R. Santos for alleged complicity in a revolutionary movement in Ecuador: Instructed to report facts and to secure Mr. Santos an early hearing. Arrest and imprisonment of Julio R. Santos: Instructed to urge speedy and fair trial.

Arrest and imprisonment of Julio R. Santos: Gov. ernment of Ecuador claims Santos is an Ecuadorian, and wants proof of his American citizenship.

Arrest and imprisonment of Julio R. Santos: Department has record of his American citizenship; inform Government of Ecuador, and request his release.

Arrest and imprisonment of Julio R. Santos: Case presented to Ecuadorian Government and release requested; Ecuador does not recognize his American citizenship until proofs are submitted; correspondence between consul-general and the governor of Guayas inclosed. Arrest and imprisonment of Julio R. Santos: Consul-general is referred to Government at Quito or authorities at Manta for particulars; release refused. Arrest and imprisonment of Julio R. Santos: Charges not yet furnished; governor of Guayas requested not to confiscate property until charges are sustained; request for release repeated; correspondence between Mr. Reinberg, the governors of Guayas and Manabi, and Mr. Santos, inclosed.

Arrest and imprisonment of Julio R. Santos: Instructed to report immediately by telegraph upon case.

Arrest and imprisonment of Julio R. Santos: Immediate release demanded unless positive proof of guilt exists; Ecuadorian authorities claim that he has lost his American citizenship, and has committed a "hated" crime against Ecuador; correspondence with Ecuadorian officials inclosed.

Arrest and imprisonment of Julio R. Santos: Trial reported commenced; prison treatment good; property confiscated; causes which have prevented a specific report being forwarded; United States naval vessel ordered to Guayaquil will do much to clear up case; report of consular agent at Bahia, stating charges inclosed.

Arrest and imprisonment of Julio R. Santos: Arrival of the United States steamer Wachusett; release again demanded; President of Ecuador claims Santos is an Ecuadorian citizen, under Article 2 of treaty of 1872, as he had returned to and resided in Ecuador six years; articles of treaty affecting subject cited; commander of the Wachusett will see Mr. Santos to learn his intention as to residence; Mr. Santos's statement of his arrest and the confiscation of his property inclosed.

Arrest and imprisonment of Julio R. Santos: Declarations showing his intention to return to the United States to live inclosed.

224

225

227

229

230

232

233

235

Mr. Hunter to Mr. Beach (No. 24).

Feb. 28

Arrest and imprisonment of Julio R. Santos: Mr. Santos interviewed; declaration as to his intention of citizenship inclosed.

Arrest and imprisonment of Julio R. Santos: Further proofs of his intention to return to United States desired.

238

98 Mr. Beach to Mr. Hunter (No. 34).

Apr. 11

Arrest and imprisonment of Julio R. Santos: Question of citizenship referred to Washington; correspondence with ministry of foreign affairs of Ecuador inclosed.

239

Arrest and imprisonment of Julio R. Santos: Report of agent at Bahia touching treatment of Mr. Santos in prison, and further declarations showing his intention to retain his American cit. izenship inclosed.

Arrest and imprisonment of Julio R. Santos: Further declarations affirming his intention to return to the United States inclosed. Arrest and imprisonment of Julio R. Santos: All obtainable evidence touching citizenship intention forwarded to Washington; complaints of Mr. Santos and replies of Ecuadorian author. ities inclosed.

Arrest and imprisonment of Julio R. Santos: Additional declarations showing intention to return to the United States to live inclosed. Arrest and imprisonment of Julio R. Santos: Intention to return to United States satisfactorily established; treaty provision in respect of two years' residence discussed; question of citizenship no longer debatable; protection of Mr. Santos g rights insisted upon; no further delay in doing him justice will be permitted; opinion of law officer of Department and affidavits touching Mr. Santos's intention to return tc United States inclosed. Arrest and imprisonment of Julio R. Santos: Citizenship established and not debatable. Arrest and imprisonment of Julio R. Santos: Telegram of May 5 acknowledged. Arrest and imprisonment of Julio R. Santos: Reference of question of citizenship to Washington; question not debatable.

Arrest and imprisonment of Julio R. Santos: Permission granted Santos to come to the United States; instructed to assist his departure. Arrest and imprisonment of Julio R. Santos: Additional declarations showing intention to return to United States inclosed.

258

259

111

Arrest and imprisonment of Julio R. Santos: Permission to go to United States not yet received.

May 29 Arrest and imprisonment of Julio R. Santos: Permission to go to United States; bail must first be guaranteed.

Mr. Beach to Mr. Porter (No. June 12

Arrest and imprisonment of Julio R Santos: Interview with President of Ecuador on ques tion of citizenship.

Arrest and imprisonment of Julio R. Santos: Negotiations with minister of Ecuador; arrangement proposed by him for Santos' release; delay of Government of Ecuador in acting upon agreement reached; points raised by Ecuador; correspondence with Ecuadorian minister reviewed; sufficient delay having been granted Ecuador to accept arrangement, demand for prompt trial or liberation will be renewed; misSion of the Wachusett; letter to Secretary of the Navy inclosed.

Arrest and imprisonment of Julio R. Santos: If released he may return on Iroquois; letter to be withheid pending action by Ecuadorian Con

261

262

267

Arrest and imprisonment of Julio R. Santos: Arrival of Ecuadorian minister; requests suspension of proceedings until he is heard from. Arrest and imprisonment of Julio R. Santos: Ecuadorian minister invited to examine correspondence.

Arrest and imprisonment of Julio R. Santos: Requests permission for Mr. Santos to come to United States, reserving question of citizenship. Arrest and imprisonment of Julio R. Santos: Report made to his Government of conference of May 15 summarized; its confirmation requested. Arrest and imprisonment of Julio R. Santos: Confirms his report of conference of May 15. Arrest and imprisonment of Julio R. Santos: Reply to telegram of May 15 desired. Arrest and imprisonment of Julio R. Santos: Acceptance of office in Ecuador by Mr. Santos; asks if this be proven whether United States will change its decision respecting citizenship; points of agreement of May 15; delay in its execution until proofs from Ecuador are submitted requested.

Arrest and imprisonment of Julio R. Santos: Position of the United States; American citizenship established; delay in execution of agreement of May 15 consented to; responsibility assumed in asking it.

Arrest and imprisonment of Julio R. Santos: Request for delay in execution of agreement of May 15 withdrawn; reasons why an answer to telegram of that date has not been received; conditions exacted by Ecuadorian constitution in granting pardons; no proofs of citizenship will be presented.

Arrest and imprisonment of Julio R. Santos: Pardon will be asked of Ecuadorian Congress. Arrest and imprisonment of Julio R. Santos: President of Ecuador will request of Congress his pardon; suspension of proceedings request. ed pending action by that body.

Arrest and imprisonment of Julio R. Santos: Pardon announced.

272

273

274

275

276

277

279

133

134

Same to same (telegram) Same to same (telegram)

July 4

282

July 4

Arrest and imprisonment of Julio R. Santos: Requests the withdrawal of the Iroquois from Payta.

282

Arrest and imprisonment of Julio R. Santos: Reasons why Ecuador claimed Mr. Santos as a citizen of that country; Ecuador claims affidavits showing intention to return to United States lack attesting force; reasons stated; similar cases cited and opinions of Secretaries of State quoted; asks that question of citizenship be submitted to arbitration; trial proceedings inclosed.

Arrest and imprisonment of Julio R. Santos: Acknowledges note of August 6.

Arrest and imprisonment of Julio R. Santos: Calls attention to errors and omissions in correspondence transmitted to Congress; original text of telegram of May 15, 1885, discussed; law of Ecuador regarding passports and evidence in case of Santos inclosed. Arrest and imprisonment of Julio R. Santos: System of passports in Ecuador; order forbidding departure of any one without a passport. Arrest and imprisonment of Julio R. Santos: Correspondence on question of citizenship reviewed question reserved but not waived; no reason for further discussion; original text of telegram of May 15, 1885, discussed.

291

296

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