feet high, and known as the Delaware Water Gap. A few miles below Easton it turns again to the S. E., and after passing Trenton meets the tide water 132 m. from the sea. The stream now becomes much wider, and acquires sufficient depth for the passage of steamboats. Philadelphia, on the right bank, is the head of navigation for ships of the largest size. On the other side of the river are the towns of Burlington and Camden, the latter being just opposite Philadelphia. The channel is here about 1 m. wide, and divided by a small island. A number of other islands, none of them of great extent, occur in various parts of the stream. Bridges connect the opposite banks at Trenton and several other points. About 40 m. below Philadelphia the river discharges itself into Delaware bay, after a total course of 300 m. The Delaware and Hudson and the Morris canals connect the stream with the Hudson, and a canal from Easton to Bristol passes near its banks. The N. Y. and Erie railroad runs in the valley of the Delaware for a distance of nearly 90 m. The shad fisheries in the lower part of the river are very profitable. During the winter of 1851 -'52 a solid bridge of ice formed in the channel at Philadelphia, an event which occurs only in seasons of excessive severity.

DELAWARES, called in their own language the LENAPES, one of the Algonquin tribes of American Indians, now established in the territory of Kansas, which occupied at the beginning of the 16th century the valley of the Delaware river and the banks of the Schuylkill. According to their traditions they were in past ages eminent for valor and wisdom, and held a prominent place in Indian history, exerting an authoritative influence from the Chesapeake to the Hudson. This claim seems to be recognized by the other tribes of their lineage, who apply to them the honorable title of grandfather. On the rise of the Iroquois power they lost their independence; and in the large. assembly of tribes which concluded the treaty at Lancaster in 1744, the Iroquois denied the right of the Delawares to alienate their lands. The latter, being immediately ordered by their masters to remove to the banks of the Susquehanna, left for ever the region of their native Delaware. In 1751 they are found at Shamokin and Wyalusing on the Susquehanna, positions where they were exposed to the violence both of the Iroquis and of white emigrants. It was their misfortune to be regarded by the English as under French influence, an opinion which lost none of its force from the fact that many of the Delawares had adopted the principles of peace and non-resistance taught by Penn and Zinzendorf. The Iroquois were also offended by their neutrality, and because they applied themselves to agriculture and grazing, refusing to join in forays of plunder and murder, while the Indian and French war was raging on the frontier from Quebec to New Orleans. A tragical result at length followed. In 1781 nearly 400 Moravian Delawares, settled on the Muskingum,

were plundered by a hostile Indian party, and ordered to remove to Sandusky, on Lake Erie. Being permitted to return in the next year, their movement was regarded as a hostile one by the British frontiersmen, who united and surprised the unresisting Moravians at Muskingum, and massacred nearly 100 of them. In a treaty at Fort Pitt, in 1778, the Delawares entered into terms of amity with the United States, granting power to march armies through their country on condition that a fort should be built for their protection. This was the origin of Fort McIntosh. In 1795 they were parties, with the Wyandots, Shawnees, Miamies, and other western tribes, to the general pacification of Fort Grenville. These relations were further strengthened by the treaties of Fort Wayne (1803) and Vincennes (1804); and the frontiers were not molested by their war parties till the primary movement of Tecumseh in 1811-'12. They did not long rest upon the Susquehanna, but gradually continued their migration westward, resuming their habits of war and hunting, and stopping for a time on the White Water river, in Indiana. Thence they crossed the Mississippi, and are now established on fertile tracts on the Kansas river, in the territory of that name. A portion of them went into Texas, where they have an excellent reputation as guides, hunters, and woodsmen. They possess 375,000 acres of land at the mouth of the Kansas river, and 3 times this amount at higher points on that river and its tributaries. Their number was returned in 1840 at 830; in 1850, at 1,500; and is now estimated at above 2,000. A considerable portion of them are cultivators of the soil, raise horses, cattle, and hogs, and dress in many respects in civilized costume. The United States hold in trust for them a school fund of $7,806, and a general fund of $915,375.

DELESSERT, BENJAMIN, a French financier and philanthropist, born in Lyons, Feb. 14, 1773, died in Paris, March 1, 1847. After completing his early education, he visited Edinburgh and London, and made the acquaintance of Adam Smith, Dugald Stewart, Playfair, and Watt. He served in Belgium as captain of artillery under Pichegru, but on the death of his eldest brother resigned his commission to assume the direction of his father's bank. In 1801 he established a sugar refinery at Passy, and he contributed much to the success of the manufacture of beet root sugar in France. Such was his reputation for skill and integrity, that before he was 30 he was appointed regent of the bank of France, which post he held for nearly half a century. He was a patron of savings banks, primary schools, houses of refuge, and other charitable institutions. He was an associate of the academy of sciences, and formed magnificent botanical and conchological collections; his herbal, which had been commenced for his sister by J. J. Rousseau, contains no less than 86,000 specimens of plants, 3,000 of which were previously unknown. His botanical collections are illustrated in the important work,

in which he was a collaborator with De Candolle, Icones selecta Plantarum (2 vols. 4to., Paris, 1820-'46), and his conchological treasures were described in 1847 by Dr. Chenu. Beside his political speeches delivered in the chamber of deputies, where for years he occupied a seat among the conservative party, and his pamphlets on savings banks, he published a philosophical tract, Le guide du bonheur, which has been several times reprinted, and other writings.

DELFT, one of the oldest Dutch towns, in the province of South Holland, 8 m. by rail from Rotterdam, on the small river Schie, and connected by canals and railways with the other principal towns of Holland; pop. about 18,000, of whom 6,000 are Catholics, and the remainder chiefly Protestants. It is intersected in all directions by canals, which are crossed by 69 bridges. The principal public buildings are the town hall; the palace or prinsenhof, originally the convent of St. Agatha, once the occasional residence of William I. of Orange, and the scene of his assassination (July 10, 1584), now converted into barracks; the new church, with a huge square tower and celebrated chimes, containing the mausoleum of William I., and the tombs of the Orange family, and of Hugo Grotius, who was born in Delft; the old church, distinguished by a leaning tower, containing the oldest organ in Holland, the monument of Admiral Van Tromp, and the tombs of Leeuwenhoeck, the naturalist, and other eminent citizens of Delft; two Roman Catholic churches, several other churches for various Protestant denominations, and a chapel for Jansenists. There are also a gymnasium and 17 other schools, an academy for civil engineers and industry, several associations for the promotion of art, science, and literature, and various benevolent institutions. Delft was formerly celebrated for its potteries (delft ware), but this manufacture is now almost entirely superseded by the superior articles made in England. The little earthenware now made here is of the coarser kind. Of the other manufactures, those of mathematical instruments are most renowned. Near the entrance of the town is the state arsenal of Holland, originally the Dutch East India house, to which a college for engineers is attached. Delft was almost entirely destroyed by fire in 1536, and again in 1654, when an explosion of the powder magazine reduced 500 houses to ashes, and killed 1,200 persons. But by being frequently rebuilt, the town was so much improved that Pepys in his diary (May 18, 1760) describes it as "a most sweet town, with bridges and rivers in every street." In 1797 the Delft religious association (Christo sacrum) was estab. lished here by members of the French reformed church, with the view of forming a union between all Christian sects, but is now almost extinct.-Delft is connected by a canal with its port, DELFT-HAVEN or DELFTSHAVEN, a small town on the right bank of the Meuse, 2 m. from Rotterdam, with 3,200 inhabitants, engaged in distilleries, herring and cod fisheries, and ship

building. Delft-Haven is celebrated in American history as the place where the pilgrim fathers embarked for Southampton, July 22, 1620.

DELFT WARE, a kind of pottery of clay, or clay mixed with sand, and covered with a white enamel, which gives to it the appearance of porcelain. The vessels composed of this preparation are first moulded, then slightly baked, in which state they readily receive the enamel, when a stronger heat is applied for the purpose of fusing the enamel uniformly and to complete the baking process. Sometimes this pottery is finely ornamented with painting. The more common and coarser kinds, however, better resist a sudden heat. The preparation of the enamel is an important part of the process in making delft ware, and various receipts are given for it. It should be made so opaque that the ware cannot be seen through it.

DELHI, or D'HILLI, formerly an administrative division of the N. W. provinces, British India, comprising the districts of Paniput, Rhotuk, Hurriana, Goorgaon, and Delhi; area, 6,274 sq. m.; pop. in 1853, 2,195,180. The district of Delhi lies on the W. bank of the Jumna, between lat. 28° 24′ and 28° 54′ N., long. 76° 49′ and 79° 29′ E.; area, 789 sq. m.; pop. 435,744, of whom 316,065 are Hindoos, and the rest mainly Mohammedans. The surface is rough in some parts, but not mountainous. The soil, like that of the 4 other districts, is naturally barren, but by means of works of irrigation a valuable extent of land has been made arable. More than of the whole surface, however, is uncultivated. About 3,300 acres are devoted to cotton, yielding a crop of about 300,000 lbs., cleaned. The other principal productions are barley, pulse, and wheat. The climate is commonly dry; the temperature ranges from 56° in January to 92° in June, but at certain seasons the district is swept by hot winds of fearful intensity, accompanied by tornadoes and rain storms. In Jan. 1859, the Delhi division was detached from the N.W. provinces, and formed, with the Punjaub, the Trans-Sutlej and Cis-Sutlej states, into a lieutenant-governorship called the Punjaub and its dependencies.-DELHI, the capital of the above district, and the Mohammedan metropolis of India, is built principally on a short offset of the Jumna, about a mile from the right bank of the main stream, 115 m. N. N. W. from Agra, 40 m. S. W. from Meerut, and 830 m. N. W. from Calcutta; lat. 28° 39′ N., long. 77° 18′ W.; pop. in 1853, 152,406, of whom 76,372 were returned as Hindoos and 76,034 as Mohammedans, no account being given of the Christian inhabitants. The city is 7 m. in circumference, and enclosed, except on part of the water front, by a wall of red sandstone, with bastions, martello towers, and 11 gates, 4 of which face the river. There is also a dry ditch 20 feet wide, and on the island formed by the Jumna and its offset stands the old fort of Selimgurh, whence a bridge of boats crosses the main stream. The defences were built by Shah Jehan and improved by the British. Delhi con

tains many good brick and stone houses, and, for an Asiatic city, is remarkably clean. The Chandnee Chowk, or silversmiths' street, the main thoroughfare, is 150 feet wide, lined with gay bazaars, and traversed by a canal bordered with trees. At its head, abutting on the river and defended by a broad moat, stands the imperial palace of Shah Jehan, once of almost unparalleled magnificence, but now filthy and neglected. It is a collection of buildings surrounded by a wall 40 feet high, and 4 of a mile in circuit, including a private royal mosque, large gardens, and apartments for several thousand persons. Here, too, are the white marble council chamber with its 4 cupolas, and the public audience hall in which stood the famous "peacock throne," formed entirely of gold and jewels, and valued at $30,000,000. The jumma musjid, or chief mosque, in Mohammedan eyes the wonder of the world, built by Shah Jehan in 6 years, stands on a paved platform, 450 feet square, on a rocky height near the centre of the city. It is approached by broad stone steps, and makes one side of a quadrangle, the other sides of which are formed by pavilions and arcades. It is 261 feet long, lined and faced with white marble, surmounted by 3 domes of the same material striped with black, and having at each end of the front a high minaret. Scattered through and around the city there are more than 40 other mosques, some mean Hindoo temples, and tombs of the emperors and Mussulman saints. Nine miles S. is the Cuttub (Kuttub or Kutb) Minar, 242 feet high, said to be the tallest column in the world, and close to it is the emperor's country residence. Among the European buildings are the British residency, St. James's and several missionary churches, a bank, a lunatic asylum, the courts of justice, and a government college attended chiefly by native students. The last is managed by a council of Europeans and natives, has an income of about $18,750, and is divided into 4 departments: English, Arabic, Persian, and Sanscrit. There are, moreover, in and near the city, about 300 schools, and a newspaper office. There are 2 arsenals, one outside the walls, the other within. The latter, prior to 1857, was the most important in India, and contained 300 guns and mortars, 20,000 stand of arms, and 200,000 shot and shells, beside gunpowder and other warlike stores. The Jumna is impregnated with natron, but the city is supplied with water by a canal 70 m. long, built under Shah Jehan and restored by the British. Another, called the Doab canal, for irrigation, built by the same emperor, fed by the Jumna, and joining that river again near here after a course of 135 m., was also repaired by the British in 1830. Delhi has manufactories of cotton, indigo, and shawls. The fabrics of Cashmere are brought here to be embroidered with gold and silk, and an active trade in horses, fruit, precious stones, &c., is kept up with Cashmere and Cabool. The great East India railway, when completed, will connect the imperial city with Calcutta and Lahore, and a tram road

has been projected to unite it with Futtehghur. If we are to trust Abul Fazl, no less than 7 cities have occupied the site of Delhi. The first was Indraprast 'ha, or Indraput, where the Hindoo rajahs had their capital at least as early as the 10th century. In 1193 it was captured by Mohammed of Ghor; and Cuttub-ud-deen, a lieutenant of the victor, founded here a dynasty known to Europeans as the Patan or Afghan, and to oriental historians as that of the "slaves of the sultan of Ghor." The house of Cuttub was overthrown in 1288 by the Afghan Ghiljies or Khiljis, who were in turn displaced by the Togluck princes in 1321. In 1398 the city was desolated by Tamerlane; in 1450 it was acquired by the Afghan tribe of Lodi; and in 1526 it was seized by the renowned Baber, the founder of the long line of Mogul emperors. With these changes of the sceptre the empire alternately waxed and waned, at one time (1340) embracing almost the whole peninsula, at another (1398) restricted to a few miles around the capital. Under the Moguls it recovered more than half its former possessions. Akbar removed the throne to Agra, but Shah Jehan in 1631 built the present city close to old Delhi, and made it the royal residence. The Mohammedans still call it Shahjehanabad, the "city of the king of the world." Nadir Shah, the Persian usurper, captured it in 1739, massacred the inhabitants from the dawn of light till day was far spent, and bore away plunder to the value of nearly $100,000,000, including the famous peacock throne and the great koh-i-noor diamond, now in the possession of Queen Victoria. From this time dismemberment rapidly went The Great Mogul lost all but the shadow of sovereignty, and at last fell into the hands of the Mahrattas, who were defeated near Delhi, Sept. 11, 1803, with dreadful slaughter, by the British under Lord Lake. The titular emperor was released from captivity, a pension of $500,000 a year was assigned him, a resident was appointed at his court, and the British exercised the government in his name. In 1827 the empty show of power was taken from him, $250,000 were added to his allowance, and though still revered by Mohammedans as the descendant of Timour, his sway was thenceforth confined to the 12,000 members of his family who filled his palace and swallowed up his pension. At the time of the revolt in 1857, the garrison of Delhi consisted of the 38th, 54th, and 74th regiments of native infantry, and one battalion of native artillery, the only European soldiers being the 48 officers by whom this force was commanded. On May 10 three regiments mutinied at Meerut and marched off to Delhi, where they arrived the next day. The garrison, after a show of resistance, joined their ranks, and in a short time the whole populace was in arms. Some of the officers and civilians escaped to Meerut, Umballa, Kurnaul, and other places, but a large number of Europeans of both sexes were butchered with refined cruelty. The arsenal was held by Lieut. Willoughby and

on.

8 Europeans, who stoutly defended it against several hundred sepoys until their position became desperate, and then blew up the magazine. Hundreds of sepoys-some say 1,000-were killed by the explosion, but the brave young officer in command, and some of his companions, escaped for the time with severe injuries. Meanwhile the aged king took command of the city, appointed officers, and resumed the imperial state to which he had long been a stranger. News of this disaster was telegraphed to Umballa the same day, and the British lost no time in preparing for the reconquest of a city on which the fate of India was thought to hang. Three brigades were ordered to march from Umballa and Meerut, under Brigadiers Wilson, Halifax, and Jones; and Gen. Anson, the commander-in-chief, left Simla to place himself at their head, but on reaching Kurnaul died of cholera, May 27. The command now devolved on Sir Henry Barnard, who, after one or two victories, appeared before Delhi, June 8. The rebels were found posted on a rocky ridge 1,500 yards from the north wail of the city, but by a rapid movement Sir Henry attacked them in flank, swept their position, and captured 26 guns. The British camp was then pitched about 13 m. from the north wall, screened by the ridge, the left resting on the river, and the rear on a canal. For many days it required all the efforts of the besiegers to hold their own ground. They were too weak either to risk an assault or to cut off the reënforcements which the mutineers continued to receive from all parts of Bengal. Moreover, they were yet without heavy artillery, while the rebels had nearly 200 guns, which they managed with a skill equal if not superior to that of the besiegers. For 2 months a day seldom passed without sorties, in which both parties suffered severely. June 12, the insurgents attacked both flanks, and were twice repulsed. On the 17th they were gallantly dislodged from an unfinished battery near the Subzee Mundee suburb in advance of the besiegers' right; on the 19th a serious attack was made on the camp from the rear; and on the 23d, the centenary of the battle of Plassey, a still harder contest was fought on the right, lasting all day, and signalized by the bravery of the "guides," a native corps of picked men, mostly Punjaubees, who on this occasion fought uninterruptedly for 15 hours without food. On July 1, at sunset, an action, which lasted 22 hours, began on the extreme right, where 300 Europeans and guides held at bay throughout the night a force of nearly 5,000 men. On the 5th Gen. Barnard died of cholera, and was succeeded by Gen. Reed, who before the end of the month resigned on account of sickness to Gen. Archdale Wilson. On the 31st an immense force began a general attack on the advanced posts of the British, assailing them from two quarters at once with unusual skill and determination. The battle raged day and night until Aug. 2 at noon, when the rebels withdrew, leaving the field heaped with their dead. On the 24th, 7,000 mutineers

left the city to intercept the siege battery, then on the way from Ferozepoor, and were immediately pursued by Gen. Nicholson, who had joined Wilson on the 8th. He overtook them at Nujuffghur, and routed them so completely, that they fled back to Delhi. By Sept. 8 all the reënforcements had arrived, and preparations were made to besiege the city in form. The force at Gen. Wilson's disposal amounted to 9,866 effective men, without counting the Cashmere contingent, 2,200 strong, some hundred men under the rajahs of Jheend and Putialah, and about 3,000 in hospital. It embraced Europeans (about 1), Sikhs, Gorkhas, Punjaubees, Beloochees, and Afghans, and was distributed as follows: infantry 6,089, cavalry 1,705, artillery and engineers 2,072. The mutineers are supposed to have numbered 14,000, beside cavalry. On the 11th the new battery opened fire, and a furious bombardment was kept up day and night by 44 heavy guns and many of small calibre. On the night of the 13th two breaches, one near the Cashmere and the other near the Water bastion, were found practicable. The storming party was now arranged in 4 columns. The 1st, of 1,000 men under Nicholson, was to assault the main breach, and escalade the face of the Cashmere bastion; the 2d, of 850 men under Brigadier Jones, was to move against the Water bastion; the 3d, of 950 under Col. Campbell, preceded by an explosion party, was to force the Cashmere gate; and the 4th, consisting mainly of natives, led by Major Reid, was to assail the enemy's strong position in the Kissengunje and Pahareepoor suburbs. The reserve, 1,300 strong, had orders to await the result of the first attack. At 4 o'clock on the morning of the 14th the troops left the camp, and concealed themselves near some advanced posts on the left until the signal for assault was given by Nicholson. On emerging upon open ground they were met by fearful volleys of musketry, thinning their ranks so fast that for full 10 minutes it was impossible to plant the ladders in the ditch. But the columns never wavered; they soon mounted the scarp, and with a ringing cheer the 1st and 2d divisions sprang upon the breaches, and carried them at the point of the bayonet. Once within the walls, they fought their way inch by inch along the ramparts, occupying the bastions, and turning the guns against the city. They secured the Moree and Cabool gates, but were beaten back from the W. wall with the loss of the gallant Nicholson. In the mean time Lieuts Home and Salkeld, with 3 non-commissioned officers and a few native sappers, undertook the dangerous task of blowing up the Cashmere gate. In full daylight they marched boldly up through a shower of balls, arranged the powder bags in the face of a murderous discharge of musketry through an open wicket, and fired the train. The gate fell with a crash, but Lieut. Salkeld, a sergeant, a corporal, and 2 natives were killed. The 3d column now dashed forward, entered the city at 10 o'clock, just as the 1st and 2d gained the breaches, and pushed on

toward the jumma musjid, but was beaten back with great loss to the Cashmere gate, where the reserve came to its support. The 4th column sustained a defeat in the suburbs, and retreated to the camp. When night closed, the British found themselves in possession of the N. ramparts, and of several strong posts in that part of the city, and at dawn on the 15th commenced the work of dislodging the rebels from the loopholed houses and public buildings. The arsenal, which Lieut. Willoughby's exploit had but half destroyed, was stormed on the 16th, and its guns were turned against the palace. The Burn bastion was surprised on the same evening; the great mosque was entered on the 17th, and by the afternoon of the 20th, after a desperate street conflict of nearly 7 days, the British were again masters of all Delhi. No quarter was given, even to the sick and wounded. Women and children were invariably spared, but the conquerors did not always discriminate between armed rebels and peaceable inhabitants. Large bodies, however, made their escape while the fighting was going on, and among them was the ex-king, who took refuge in the suburban palace near the Cuttub Minar. The next day he surrendered to Capt. Hodson, on promise of his life, and on the 22d 3 of the royal princes were captured at the tomb of Humayoun, and immediately shot. The trial of the ex-king, now 90 years old, commenced Jan. 27, 1858, in his own palace. He was found guilty of complicity in the mutiny and its attendant atrocities, was condemned to transportation for life, and in Dec. 1858, was removed to the Cape of Good Hope. The British losses in this memorable siege were 3,837 killed, wounded, and missing. On Sept. 14 the casualties were 8 officers and 265 men killed, 52 officers and 822 men wounded. Of the number of insurgents who perished no authentic record could be obtained, but it must have been great. Over 1,500 are supposed to have fallen on the day of assault.

DELILLE, JACQUES, a French poet, born at Aigues-Perse, Auvergne, June 22, 1738, died in Paris, May 1, 1813. He was a natural son of a lawyer named Montanier, and his only fortune was a good education and an income of 300 francs a year. He became known in 1769, by his translation of Virgil's Georgics, which won the highest praise from competent critics. Louis Racine, who had urged him to the work, gave it unlimited approbation; and Voltaire insisted upon the title of academician being at once conferred upon him. This distinction he received 2 years later, and he was soon afterward appointed professor of Latin poetry in the college of France. In 1782, on the publication of his original poem, Les jardins, he was presented through the favor of Count d'Artois with an abbey, with a yearly income of 30,000 livres. In 1784 he visited Greece and Turkey in company with Choiseul Gouffier, the French ambassador to Constantinople. The revolution deprived him of his office and the greater part of his income. He was arrested during the VOL. VI.-23

reign of terror, but saved by the interposition of Chaumette. For the celebration of the Fête de l'être suprême, he wrote, at the request of Robespierre, an ode in praise of the immortality of the soul. In 1795 he completed his translation of Virgil's Æneid, and subsequently visited Switzerland, Germany, and England. On his return to France in 1802 he was reinstated in his professorship, resumed his literary pursuits, and published successively the various poems which he had partly prepared during his travels: L'homme des champs (1800); La pitié, a touching poem on the victims of the revolu tion (1803); his translation of Milton's "Paradise Lost" (1805); L'Imagination (1806); Les trois régnes de la nature, with annotations by Cuvier (1809); La conversation (1812). His later years, during which he became blind, were spent quietly at Nanterre. His last composition, which, however, he did not live to complete, was entitled La vieillesse, and he used to say jestingly that he was "full of his subject." His translation of Pope's "Essay on Man," and his poem Le départ d'Éden, were published after his death. The most complete edition of his works was published by Michaud (16 vols. 8vo., 1824-25).

DELINIERS, JACQUES ANTOINE MARIE, viceroy of Buenos Ayres, born at Niort in France, Feb. 6, 1756, shot at Buenos Ayres in 1810. In his earlier years he served in the Spanish navy, and having attained the rank of captain he was sent during the war with Great Britain on a mission to South America. In June, 1806, an English squadron made its appearance before Montevideo, and landed 1,100 men under Gen. Beresford. The Spanish army which opposed them was routed, and on July 2 the English took possession of the city. Deliniers was then at Montevideo. Having received intelligence of what had taken place, he assembled the forces at his command and marched against the English, whom, after some hard fighting, he compelled to capitulate, leaving to the conquerors 1,600 muskets, 26 cannon, and 4 howitzers. For this exploit, in accordance with the wish of the people, he was elevated to the viceroyalty of Buenos Ayres. On July 1, 1808, he fought an obstinate battle with the English in the vicinity of that city; but although the loss of the Spaniards is said to have been less than that of the English, the former were compelled to retire within the walls. The English immediately laid siege to the city, but were unable to make themselves masters of it, and were at last obliged to retire, having suffered great loss. Deliniers shortly afterward compelled them to make a treaty by which they agreed to abandon Montevideo, and the whole country in the neighborhood of the La Plata, within 2 months. This achievement gave him great reputation, and, in return for it, he was appointed brigadier-general by the king of Spain. He was now at the height of his popularity, but the people of Buenos Ayres were anxious for independence, and Deliniers, having espoused the cause of the king, excited a powerful party