International Law Chiefly as Interpreted and Applied by the United States

PREFACE

practice. The utterances of Professor John Bassett Moore have been quoted with frequency because of their unique and authoritative value. The Digest of International Law, prepared and enriched by him in 1906, has been constantly relied upon; and for the convenience of the reader reference is made thereto with respect to documents there quoted, regardless of their publication elsewhere. The publications of the Naval War College and the documents supplementary to the American Journal of International Law, as well as the contents of that periodical, have been put to full use, and also certain publications of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. A few sections of this work comprise an enlargement and revision of papers by the author originally printed in the American Journal of International Law.

One purpose of these prefatory words is to express the gratitude of the author to those who have furthered his efforts. Their number has been legion and their assistance beyond appraisal. A course under Professor Joseph H. Beale in the Harvard Law School in 1898, in public and private international law, was a source of aid which has not ceased to be of value. To the Library of Congress and its Librarian, Dr. Herbert Putnam, the author has long been indebted for unusual courtesies and assistance. He acknowledges his special indebtedness to the Chief Assistant Librarian, Mr. Appleton P. C. Griffin, whose zeal and interest in procuring documents not easily accessible have been warmly appreciated. Various divisions of the Department of State have from time to time rendered aid. Courtesies on the part of its Bureau of Rolls and Library have been constant. Mr. Richard W. Flournoy, Jr., of the same Department has been good enough to make a careful examination of the sections relating to nationality and passports, and to offer important suggestions which it has been deemed a privilege to incorporate in the text. The Library of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace at Washington has furnished much-needed assistance.

In certain instances the author has acknowledged his indebtedness to the kindness of others in foot-notes pertaining to material which they have furnished. He mentions also the following as among those to whom his thanks are especially due:

Professor Edwin M. Borchard, of Yale University; Hon. Wilbur J. Carr, Director of the Consular Service of the Department of State; Frederic B. Crossley, Esq., Secretary of Northwestern University Law School; Major General (then Brigadier

General) Enoch M. Crowder, U. S. A.; Dr. Frances Gardiner Davenport, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington; Dr. William C. Dennis, of Washington, D. C.; George A. Finch, Esq., of the American Journal of International Law; Dr. Stanley K. Hornbeck, of Washington, D. C.; Professor Albert Kocourek, of Northwestern University Law School; Dr. Henry Barrett Learned, of Washington, D. C.; Dr. C. E. McGuire, of the Inter-American High Commission; Professor John Bassett Moore, of Columbia University; Dr. Leo S. Rowe, Director-General of the Pan-American Union; Dr. James Brown Scott, Secretary of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace; Professor Munroe Smith, of Columbia University; Rear Admiral Charles H. Stockton, U. S. N., retired; Commander Raymond Stone, U. S. N., retired; Dr. Charles C. Tansill, of Washington, D. C.; William R. Vallance, Esq., Assistant Solicitor of the Department of State; Professor Eugene Wambaugh, of Harvard University; Louis B. Wehle, Esq., formerly General Counsel of the War Finance Corporation; Professor George Grafton Wilson, of Harvard University; Lester H. Woolsey, Esq., formerly Solicitor of the Department of State. It is a pleasure to record the fact that numerous and highly valued suggestions of Mr. Lewis H. Bailey of Messrs. Little, Brown & Company, the publishers, have been gratefully accepted.

For encouragement from Professor John H. Wigmore, the dedication of this work betokens the gratitude of the author. For that vigorously given by his law partners, Captain Ira Edward Westbrook, U. S. R., and Professor Charles H. Watson, of Northwestern University Law School, he makes full acknowledgment.

Books