History of the Discovery and Settlement of the Valley of the Mississippi, by ... - John Wesley Monette - Google Books

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1788.-Character of the Colonists.-Second Colony arrives July 2d.-Celebration of

4th of July in the Wilderness.-First Clergyman, Daniel Story.-Governor St. Clair

and territorial Officers arrive.-Territorial Government organized.-"Washington

County" laid off-Arrival of Emigrants.-Campus Martius.-Settlements formed at

Belpre and Newberry.-Emigration to Kentucky.-Miami Settlements.-Symmes's

Purchase on the Miami.-Settlement at Columbia.-Settlement at Cincinnati.-Fort

Washington commenced.-Its Form and Dimensions.-" County of Hamilton" organ-

ized. Squire M'Millan.-Colerain Settlement.-Headquarters established at Fort

Washington." Knox County" organized.-" St. Clair County" organized.-Popula-

tion of Settlements on Muskingum and Miami in 1790.-Indian Hostilities commence.

-Defensive Measures adopted.-Indians exasperated at the unsuccessful Expedi-

tion of General Harmar.-Destruction of Settlement of Big Bottom, January 2d, 1791.

-Attack on Wolf Creek Settlement.-Attack on Colerain Station.-Nathaniel Mas-

sie settles Manchester, on the Ohio.-French Settlement at Gallipolis, March, 1791.

-Fraud of the "Scioto Company."-General St. Clair also unsuccessful.-Indian

Audacity and Hostilities increase.-President Washington adopts more energetic

Measures with the Indians.-Indian Outrages multiply in 1792.-Cincinnati in 1793.

-Its Importance as a military Dépôt.-First Presbyterian Pastor.-Indian Hostil-

ities in 1793.-Martial Law paramount.-First Newspaper in Northwestern Terri

tory.-General Wayne takes Command of the Army.-Confidence restored to the

western People.-Troops concentrate in the Miami Country.-Advanced Posts es-

tablished.—Indians defeated and reduced to great Distress.-Settlements again ad-

EARLY SETTLEMENT AND INDIAN HOSTILITIES IN THE SOUTH-

WESTERN TERRITORY," UNTIL ITS ADMISSION INTO THE FEDERAL

UNION AS THE STATE OF TENNESSEE.-A.D. 1776 To 1796.

Argument.-Retrospect of the First Settlements of East Tennessee.-First Settle-

ments on Cumberland River.-Cherokee Hostilities in 1780.-North Carolina en-

courages Emigration to the Cumberland in 1783.-Military Land District erected.-

Chickasa Cession in 1784.-Increased Emigration to Holston and Cumberland in

1785.-Political Difficulties in Washington District.-Attempted Organization of the

“Republic of Frankland.”—Colonel John Sevier attainted for Treason, and restored

to his Rights.-Authority of North Carolina sustained.-Spanish Influence in the

Cumberland Settlements.-Population of Washington and Miro Districts in 1789.-

North Carolina cedes her Western Territory to the Federal Government." South-

western Territory" organized in 1790.-Indian Hostilities commence.-Efforts of the

Federal Government to maintain Peace.-Rapid Increase of Emigration Westward

in 1791.—Indian Hostilities in 1791 to 1793.-Spanish Intrigue with the Indians.

Colonel Sevier and General Robertson conduct Defenses.-Population of South-

western Territory in 1794.-Population of the Territory in 1795.-Second Grade of

Territorial Government assumed.-State Constitution adopted in 1796.-" State of

Tennessee" admitted into the Union.-Features of Constitution.-Progressive In-

crease of Population and Extension of Settlements to the Mississippi until 1840.-

Displacement of the Indian Tribes.-West Tennessee and Memphis.-Population

and Enterprise.-Colonies sent out from Tennessee

INDIAN WARS AND MILITARY OPERATIONS BY THE UNITED STATES

NORTH OF THE OHIO RIVER.-A.D. 1787 To 1795.

Argument.-Unsettled State of the Indian Tribes from 1784 to 1790.-Extent of Indian

Depredation and Murders up to 1790.-General Harmar prepares to invade the In-

dian Country.-Advances to the Maumee.-Is defeated in two Engagements.-Re-

treats to Fort Washington.-Indian Hostilities renewed.-General Scott marches an

Expedition against the Wabash Towns.-Colonel Wilkinson leads another against

the Towns on Eel River and Tippecanoe.-General St. Clair prepares to invade the

Maumee Country.-Marches toward the St. Mary's.-Meets with a disastrous Defeat.

--Terrible Onset of the Savages.-Their Number and Allies.-The Remnant of the

Army arrives at Fort Washington.-Colonel Wilkinson commands at Fort Wash-

ington. He proceeds from Fort Jefferson to the Scene of the Defeat.-Overtures of

Peace tendered to the Indians in 1792.-The Federal Government authorize a strong

Force for the Humiliation of the Savages.-General Wayne Commander-in-chief.—

Indians continue their hostile Demonstrations.-Excited by British Emissaries.-

General Wayne concentrates his Forces at Fort Greenville.-The advanced Posts

harassed by Indians.-Plan of Encampment at Greenville.-Lord Dorchester.-Pres-

ident Washington's Views of Indian Tactics.-Fort Recovery built.-Is attacked by

Indians in 1793.-General Scott arrives with the mounted Riflemen.-General Wayne

takes up the Line of March for the Maumee.-"Fort Defiance" commenced.-" Fort

Deposit' at the Head of the Rapids.-Force concentrated at this Point.-Battle of

the Miami, August 20th, 1794.-Utter Defeat of the Savages.-The Army returns to

Fort Defiance, which is strongly fortified.-Army advances to Miami Villages.-Fort

Wayne erected.-Army retires to Winter-quarters at Greenville.-Indians sue for

ADVANCE OF THE WHITE POPULATION INTO THE NORTHWESTERN

TERRITORY.-ADMISSION OF THE STATE OF OHIO" INTO THE

FEDERAL UNION.-A.D. 1795 To 1804.

Argument.-Security of the frontier Population after the Treaty of Greenville.-Am-

icable Intercourse with the Indians.-Emigrants advance upon the Muskingum, Sci-

oto, and Miami Rivers.-Population of Northwestern Territory in 1796.-Of Cincin-

nati in 1797.-Population advances into the Virginia Military District.-Nathaniel

Massie, Pioneer of Scioto Valley.-Chillicothe first Settled.-Tribute to Memory of

Massie. First Mail-route opened from Wheeling to Limestone.-Population ad-

vances to the "Western Reserve."-" County of Wayne" organized.-Old French

Settlements near Detroit.-Traits of Character in French Population.-Retrospect

of Northwestern Territory in 1796.-Extension of Settlements up the Scioto and

Muskingum Valleys.-" Adams County" organized.-"Ross County" organized.-

Condition of Chillicothe in 1798.-Extreme Settlements north of Chillicothe.-Her-

man Blannerhasset emigrates to Ohio in 1798.-His Traits of Character.-Blanner-

hasset's Island.-Steubenville laid off and settled.-Territorial Population in 1798.-

Second Grade of Government assumed.-First Territorial Legislature.-Public Sur-

veys.-Counties of Trumbull and Fairfield organized.-Belmont County organized.—

Indiana Territory organized into a separate Government.-Congress authorizes a

Convention to form a State Constitution.-Convention assembles and adopts a Con-

stitution.-"State of Ohio" admitted into the Union.-State Government organized

March 1st, 1803.-Character and Merits of Governor St. Clair.-New Counties organ-

ized.-Governors of Ohio.-Subsequent Increase of Population and Extension of

Civil Government.-Population in 1840.-Character of Emigration to Ohio. 311

"THE MISSISSIPPI TERRITORY" FROM ITS FIRST ORGANIZATION TO

COMMENCEMENT OF

Argument.-Original Extent of the Mississippi Territory.-First Governor and Terri-

torial Judges.-Authority and Jurisdiction of the same-Arrival of the United States

Troops under General Wilkinson.-First Grade of Territorial Government organ-

ized in 1799.-Extent of the White Settlements and Indian Territory.-Adams and

Pickering Counties organized. - Population in 1799. - Washington County organ-

ized on the Mobile River.-Second Grade of Territorial Government in 1800.-

The Federal Army in the Mississippi Territory.-Indian Treaties in 1801.-Treaty

of Fort Adams.-Treaty of Chickasȧ Bluffs.-Governor Claiborne enters upon his

Duties. The Counties of Claiborne, Jefferson, and Wilkinson organized in 1802.-

First System of Jurisprudence.-First Newspapers in Mississippi.-" Articles of

Agreement and Cession" by Georgia.-Extent of Georgia Claim.—Adjudication of

Private Claims by Commissioners.-Land Offices.-Surveyor-general's Office organ-

ized. Enlargement of Territorial Limits.-Indian Nations included.-Legislative

Care for the Encouragement of Education.-First College and first Academy charter-

ed. The Robber Mason killed.-Emigration in 1803, in anticipation of the Occupa

tion of Louisiana.-Governor Claiborne Commissioner.-Commissioners and Troops

advance toward New Orleans.-Protestant Religion introduced in Mississippi Ter-

ritory.--Washington County erected into a Judicial District.-Harry Toulmin, Judge.

-First Delegate to Congress.-Robert Williams, Governor.-First City Charter of

Natchez.-Spanish Exactions on the Mobile.-First Natchez Hospital.-Border Col-

lisions.-Abduction of the Kempers.-Indian Treaties in 1805: with the Chickasâs;

with the Cherokees; Creeks; Choctâs. First "Choctâ Purchase."- Extent of

White Settlements in 1806.-Spanish Encroachments on the Sabine.-Militia Move-

ments in Mississippi.-Burr's Conspiracy in the West.-Burr prepares to descend

the Mississippi.-President's Proclamation.-General Wilkinson protects New Or

leans.-Defensive Measures of Governor Mead in the Mississippi Territory.--Burr

appears before the Superior Court.-Patriotic Citizens of Wilkinson County.-Abor

tive Attempt to arraign Burr.-He escapes from Custody.-Is arrested near Fort

Stoddart.-Sent to Richmond, Virginia.-Emigration to Mississippi induced by Burr's

Plans.-Agriculture in the Territory in 1807.-Cotton the Staple Product.-Cotton

Receipts negotiable by Law.-First Digest of Territorial Laws.-First Road across

to Tombigby.-Lands on the Upper Tombigby.-Condition of the Tombigby Settle-

ments.-Patriotism of the Inhabitants.-Governor Williams.-First White Settle-

ments in "Madison County."-First Bank in the Territory in 1809.-Population in

1810.-Revolution in District of Baton Rouge.-First Brigade of Militia in 1812.-

Tennessee Volunteers under General Jackson.--General Wilkinson occupies Fort

Charlotte.-Mobile District annexed to the Mississippi Territory

THE MISSISSIPPI TERRITORY," FROM THE BEGINNING OF THE CREEK

WAR UNTIL THE ADMISSION OF THE STATES OF MISSISSIPPI" AND

"ALABAMA" INTO THE FEDERAL UNION.-A.D. 1813 TO 1819.

Argument. British Policy of instigating savage Warfare.--Population and Settlements

in 1813.-Origin of Creek Hostilities.-Prosperous Condition of the Creeks in 1812.-

British Instigation from Canada.-Tecumseh stirs up a war Party in the Creek Nation.

-Tombigby Settlements menaced by hostile Creeks.-Deluded Security of Colonel

Hawkins and General Flournoy.-General Claiborne advances to the Tombigby.—

Judge Toulmin's Opinion of the true State of the Indian Affairs.-Disposition of Troops

under General Claiborne.-Condition of Affairs on the Alabama in August.-General

Claiborne's Letter.-Major Beasly admonished of Danger.-Attack and Massacre of

Mims's Fort.-Number of Whites slain.-Loss of Indians.-Consternation produced

by the Disaster.-Wretched Condition of the Inhabitants.-Marauding Bands of In

dians ravage the Country.-Employment of the Choctás urged as indispensably nec-

essary. General Claiborne secures the Co-operation of the Choctâs under Mushula-

tubbe and Pushmataha.-Spanish Treachery detected.-British Supplies for Indians

sent to Pensacola.-The Army advances to Fort Claiborne.-Advances to the Holy

Ground, and defeats Creeks under Weatherford.-The Georgia Troops under General

Floyd invade eastern Part of the Creek Nation.-Tennessee Troops invade the north-

ern Part.-General Jackson advances to Fort Strother, on the Coosa.-Battle of Tal-

lushatches.-Battle of Talladega.-Creeks supplied for the War by British Agents.-

Battle of Emuckfaw.-Battle of Enotochopco.-Battle of the Horse-shoe, or Tohope-

ka-The Power of the Creeks humbled.-Invasion of the Hickory Grounds.-"Fort

Jackson" built.-Submission of the hostile Chiefs.-Surrender of Weatherford.-

Treaty of Fort Jackson.-Its Conditions and Requirements.-Colonel Nichols in Flor-

ida.-General Jackson Commander-in-chief in 7th military District.-British Emis-

saries among the Florida Indians.-Jackson advances to Mobile.-Defense of Fort

Bowyer against British Fleet.-Expels the British Forces from Pensacola.-Trib-

ute of Esteem to General Jackson.-Advance of white Population into the Indian

Country. Settlements north and south of Tennessee River; upon Sources of Tom-

bigby.-Monroe County organized.-Population of Madison County in 1815.-The

Creeks instigated by British Emissaries to reject the Treaty of Fort Jackson.-Pop-

alation of the Territory in 1816.-Application for Authority to form a state Govern-

ment.-Indian Treaties in 1816.-Territory divided.-"State of Mississippi" admit-

ted into the Union.-Choctâ Cession by Treaty of Doak's Stand.-Ceded Territory

organized into Counties.-Permanent state Capital selected.-"City of Jackson."-

County of Monroe annexed.-Final Extension of the state Jurisdiction within the

entire Limits.-Summary of Indian Treaties within the Mississippi Territory.-Gov-

ernors of Mississippi.-Alabama Territory organized.-State of Alabama admitted

into the Union.-Subsequent increase of Population
Page 391

TERRITORY OF ORLEANS" FROM ITS FIRST ORGANIZATION UN-

TIL AFTER ITS ADMISSION INTO THE UNION AS THE STATE OF

LOUISIANA."-A.D. 1804 TO 1815.

Argument.-William C. C. Claiborne Governor-general of the Province of Louisiana.-

General James Wilkinson Commander-in-chief of the Army.-Emigrants from the

United States.-Governor Claiborne's judicious Administration.-Territorial Gov-

ernment provided for the "Territory of Orleans."-Plan of Government obnoxious

to the People.-Volunteer Companies patronized by the Governor.-Expressions of

popular Discontent by the French Population.-Territorial Government instituted.-

First Territorial Legislature.-First Bank created.-Territorial Legislature modi-

fied. Discontent in Baton Rouge District.-Abduction of the Kempers.-Their Re-

lease. Spanish Exactions on the Mobile River, and Aggressions West of the Mis-

sissippi in 1805.-Spanish Officers in New Orleans.-They contemplate the Missis-

sippi south of Red River as their eastern Boundary.-Re-enforcements in Texas and

Florida-Policy of the Federal Government.-Advance of the Spanish Troops to Red

River.-Movements of United States Troops.-Spanish Troops on the Bayou Pierre

and Arroyo Hondo.-Remonstrances of Governor Claiborne.-General Wilkinson ad-

vances the Army to Natchitoches.-His Negotiation with General Herrera.-Span-

iards retire West of the Sabine.-Wilkinson proceeds to New Orleans to intercept

Burr's Operations.-His energetic Measures against the Conspirators.-Zealous co-

operation of Governor Claiborne.-His Proclamation. - Arrest of Dr. Bollman and

others. Great popular Excitement.-Conflict of the civil and military Authorities.

-Affected Zeal of Judges Workman and Hall for the Supremacy of the civil Pow-

er.-Efforts made by Persons clothed with civil Authority to embarrass General

Wilkinson, and to protect the Conspirators.-Burr utterly circumvented in the Mis-

sissippi Territory.-Lieutenant Pike's exploring Party returns from Santa Fé.-Ob-

ject of his Exploration.-Wilkinson's Position relative to Burr's Enterprise not crim-

inal. The Organization of the Territorial Government completed.-Great Mortality

of the Troops under General Wilkinson.-Revolt in District of Baton Rouge in

1810.-Spanish Authority expelled.-A Provisional Government established by the

People. The Baton Rouge District annexed to the Territory of Orleans.-Revolt

among Slaves above New Orleans in 1811.-State Government authorized.-Consti-

tution adopted.-Some of its Features.-"State of Louisiana" admitted into the

Union.-Baton Rouge District annexed.-State Government organized.-General

Wilkinson acquitted by a Court of Inquiry.-Advance of American Population into

Louisiana.-General Wilkinson's Activity in providing for maritime Defense of Loui-

siana against British Invasion.-Louisiana threatened by a powerful Armament.-

General Jackson Commander-in-chief.-He arrives at New Orleans.-His extra-

ordinary Efforts for the effectual Defense of the City.-Suppresses a spirit of De-

spondency by efficient Measures.-The Enemy advances by Way of the Lakes.-

Encounters American Gun-boats.-Martial Law proclaimed.-The Enemy advances

through Bayou Bienvenu.-American Army concentrated at New Orleans.-Active

Hostilities commence.-Efforts of the Enemy previous to January 8th.-Patriotic De-

votion of American Citizens in New Orleans.-Grand Attack upon the American Lines

on the 8th.--Repulse of the Enemy's bombarding Squadron at Fort St. Philip.-The

British Army retires from the Scene of its Disasters.-The Watchword "Booty and

Beauty."-Arbitrary Exercise of civil Authority by Judge Hall.-The unjust Fine

disclaimed by the American People after thirty Years.-Population of Louisiana in

1815.-Extent of Settlements.-Agricultural Resources.-Governors until 1846

PROGRESSIVE EXTENSION OF THE FEDERAL JURISDICTION Over the

NORTHWESTERN TERRITORY" TO THE MISSISSIPPI.--A.D. 1800

Argument. The Origins of three States in Northwestern Territory.-Indiana.-Illi-

nois.-Michigan.--" Indiana Territory" organized.-Indian Treaties.-" Illinois Ter-

ritory" organized.-Michigan Territory organized.-Condition of these Territories in

1811-Shawanese threaten Hostilities.-United States Troops advance with Governor

Harrison toward the Prophet's Town.-Harrison contemplates a Treaty.-Unfortu

nate Battle of Tippecanoe.-Beginning of the Indian War in the West.-Emigration

to Indiana and Illinois in 1816.-"State of Indiana" admitted into the Union.-"State

of Illinois" admitted into the Union.-Progressive Increase of Population in these

States.-Treaties for Extinguishment of Indian Title.-Michigan Territory until 1832.

-Emigration to Michigan and Wisconsin.-Commercial and Agricultural Advantages

of Michigan discovered.-Increase of Population.-Extension of Settlements.-"State

of Michigan" admitted.-" Wisconsin Territory" organized.-Population and Re-

sources of Wisconsin.-"Territory of Iowa" organized in 1838.-Rapid Extension

of Population into Wisconsin and Iowa.-Aggregate Population of the States and

Territories comprised in original Limits of Northwestern Territory.-Commerce on

the Lakes.-Advance of Population and Education in the State of Michigan.-Emi-

gration to Wisconsin and Iowa Territories in 1840-43.-Wisconsin applies for Ad-

mission into the Union

EXTENSION of the feDERAL UNION WEST OF THE MISSISSIPPI, AND

THE RE-ANNEXATION OF TEXAS.-A.D. 1803 TO 1846.

Argument.-Retrospect of the Province of Louisiana.-" Territory of Orleans" and

District of Louisiana.-Increase of Population in the Territory of Orleans and Dis-

trict of Louisiana.-Remote Missouri Regions explored by Lewis and Clark.-Lieu-

tenant Pike explores the Upper Mississippi and the Arkansas Rivers.-Population

advances into the District.-Settlements extend upon the Arkansas and Missouri.-

Missouri Territory organized in 1812.-New Impulse to Emigration in 1815.-Indian

Treaties.-Population of Missouri Territory in 1817.-" Territory of Arkansas" or

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