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1788.-Character of the Colonists.-Second Colony arrives July 2d.-Celebration of
4th of July in the Wilderness.-First Clergyman, Daniel Story.-Governor St. Clair
and territorial Officers arrive.-Territorial Government organized.-"Washington
County" laid off-Arrival of Emigrants.-Campus Martius.-Settlements formed at
Belpre and Newberry.-Emigration to Kentucky.-Miami Settlements.-Symmes's
Purchase on the Miami.-Settlement at Columbia.-Settlement at Cincinnati.-Fort
Washington commenced.-Its Form and Dimensions.-" County of Hamilton" organ-
ized. Squire M'Millan.-Colerain Settlement.-Headquarters established at Fort
Washington." Knox County" organized.-" St. Clair County" organized.-Popula-
tion of Settlements on Muskingum and Miami in 1790.-Indian Hostilities commence.
-Defensive Measures adopted.-Indians exasperated at the unsuccessful Expedi-
tion of General Harmar.-Destruction of Settlement of Big Bottom, January 2d, 1791.
-Attack on Wolf Creek Settlement.-Attack on Colerain Station.-Nathaniel Mas-
sie settles Manchester, on the Ohio.-French Settlement at Gallipolis, March, 1791.
-Fraud of the "Scioto Company."-General St. Clair also unsuccessful.-Indian
Audacity and Hostilities increase.-President Washington adopts more energetic
Measures with the Indians.-Indian Outrages multiply in 1792.-Cincinnati in 1793.
-Its Importance as a military Dépôt.-First Presbyterian Pastor.-Indian Hostil-
ities in 1793.-Martial Law paramount.-First Newspaper in Northwestern Terri
tory.-General Wayne takes Command of the Army.-Confidence restored to the
western People.-Troops concentrate in the Miami Country.-Advanced Posts es-
tablished.—Indians defeated and reduced to great Distress.-Settlements again ad-
66
Page 236
EARLY SETTLEMENT AND INDIAN HOSTILITIES IN THE SOUTH-
WESTERN TERRITORY," UNTIL ITS ADMISSION INTO THE FEDERAL
UNION AS THE STATE OF TENNESSEE.-A.D. 1776 To 1796.
Argument.-Retrospect of the First Settlements of East Tennessee.-First Settle-
ments on Cumberland River.-Cherokee Hostilities in 1780.-North Carolina en-
courages Emigration to the Cumberland in 1783.-Military Land District erected.-
Chickasa Cession in 1784.-Increased Emigration to Holston and Cumberland in
1785.-Political Difficulties in Washington District.-Attempted Organization of the
“Republic of Frankland.”—Colonel John Sevier attainted for Treason, and restored
to his Rights.-Authority of North Carolina sustained.-Spanish Influence in the
Cumberland Settlements.-Population of Washington and Miro Districts in 1789.-
North Carolina cedes her Western Territory to the Federal Government." South-
western Territory" organized in 1790.-Indian Hostilities commence.-Efforts of the
Federal Government to maintain Peace.-Rapid Increase of Emigration Westward
in 1791.—Indian Hostilities in 1791 to 1793.-Spanish Intrigue with the Indians.
Colonel Sevier and General Robertson conduct Defenses.-Population of South-
western Territory in 1794.-Population of the Territory in 1795.-Second Grade of
Territorial Government assumed.-State Constitution adopted in 1796.-" State of
Tennessee" admitted into the Union.-Features of Constitution.-Progressive In-
crease of Population and Extension of Settlements to the Mississippi until 1840.-
Displacement of the Indian Tribes.-West Tennessee and Memphis.-Population
and Enterprise.-Colonies sent out from Tennessee
CHAPTER XI.
265
INDIAN WARS AND MILITARY OPERATIONS BY THE UNITED STATES
NORTH OF THE OHIO RIVER.-A.D. 1787 To 1795.
Argument.-Unsettled State of the Indian Tribes from 1784 to 1790.-Extent of Indian
Depredation and Murders up to 1790.-General Harmar prepares to invade the In-
dian Country.-Advances to the Maumee.-Is defeated in two Engagements.-Re-
treats to Fort Washington.-Indian Hostilities renewed.-General Scott marches an
Expedition against the Wabash Towns.-Colonel Wilkinson leads another against
the Towns on Eel River and Tippecanoe.-General St. Clair prepares to invade the
Maumee Country.-Marches toward the St. Mary's.-Meets with a disastrous Defeat.
--Terrible Onset of the Savages.-Their Number and Allies.-The Remnant of the
Army arrives at Fort Washington.-Colonel Wilkinson commands at Fort Wash-
ington. He proceeds from Fort Jefferson to the Scene of the Defeat.-Overtures of
Peace tendered to the Indians in 1792.-The Federal Government authorize a strong
Force for the Humiliation of the Savages.-General Wayne Commander-in-chief.—
Indians continue their hostile Demonstrations.-Excited by British Emissaries.-
General Wayne concentrates his Forces at Fort Greenville.-The advanced Posts
harassed by Indians.-Plan of Encampment at Greenville.-Lord Dorchester.-Pres-
ident Washington's Views of Indian Tactics.-Fort Recovery built.-Is attacked by
Indians in 1793.-General Scott arrives with the mounted Riflemen.-General Wayne
takes up the Line of March for the Maumee.-"Fort Defiance" commenced.-" Fort
Deposit' at the Head of the Rapids.-Force concentrated at this Point.-Battle of
the Miami, August 20th, 1794.-Utter Defeat of the Savages.-The Army returns to
Fort Defiance, which is strongly fortified.-Army advances to Miami Villages.-Fort
Wayne erected.-Army retires to Winter-quarters at Greenville.-Indians sue for
Peace
CHAPTER XII.
Page 284
ADVANCE OF THE WHITE POPULATION INTO THE NORTHWESTERN
TERRITORY.-ADMISSION OF THE STATE OF OHIO" INTO THE
FEDERAL UNION.-A.D. 1795 To 1804.
Argument.-Security of the frontier Population after the Treaty of Greenville.-Am-
icable Intercourse with the Indians.-Emigrants advance upon the Muskingum, Sci-
oto, and Miami Rivers.-Population of Northwestern Territory in 1796.-Of Cincin-
nati in 1797.-Population advances into the Virginia Military District.-Nathaniel
Massie, Pioneer of Scioto Valley.-Chillicothe first Settled.-Tribute to Memory of
Massie. First Mail-route opened from Wheeling to Limestone.-Population ad-
vances to the "Western Reserve."-" County of Wayne" organized.-Old French
Settlements near Detroit.-Traits of Character in French Population.-Retrospect
of Northwestern Territory in 1796.-Extension of Settlements up the Scioto and
Muskingum Valleys.-" Adams County" organized.-"Ross County" organized.-
Condition of Chillicothe in 1798.-Extreme Settlements north of Chillicothe.-Her-
man Blannerhasset emigrates to Ohio in 1798.-His Traits of Character.-Blanner-
hasset's Island.-Steubenville laid off and settled.-Territorial Population in 1798.-
Second Grade of Government assumed.-First Territorial Legislature.-Public Sur-
veys.-Counties of Trumbull and Fairfield organized.-Belmont County organized.—
Indiana Territory organized into a separate Government.-Congress authorizes a
Convention to form a State Constitution.-Convention assembles and adopts a Con-
stitution.-"State of Ohio" admitted into the Union.-State Government organized
March 1st, 1803.-Character and Merits of Governor St. Clair.-New Counties organ-
ized.-Governors of Ohio.-Subsequent Increase of Population and Extension of
Civil Government.-Population in 1840.-Character of Emigration to Ohio. 311
CHAPTER XIII.
"THE MISSISSIPPI TERRITORY" FROM ITS FIRST ORGANIZATION TO
THE
COMMENCEMENT OF
A.D. 1798 TO
1813.
CREEK WAR.
-
Argument.-Original Extent of the Mississippi Territory.-First Governor and Terri-
torial Judges.-Authority and Jurisdiction of the same-Arrival of the United States
Troops under General Wilkinson.-First Grade of Territorial Government organ-
ized in 1799.-Extent of the White Settlements and Indian Territory.-Adams and
Pickering Counties organized. - Population in 1799. - Washington County organ-
ized on the Mobile River.-Second Grade of Territorial Government in 1800.-
The Federal Army in the Mississippi Territory.-Indian Treaties in 1801.-Treaty
of Fort Adams.-Treaty of Chickasȧ Bluffs.-Governor Claiborne enters upon his
Duties. The Counties of Claiborne, Jefferson, and Wilkinson organized in 1802.-
First System of Jurisprudence.-First Newspapers in Mississippi.-" Articles of
Agreement and Cession" by Georgia.-Extent of Georgia Claim.—Adjudication of
Private Claims by Commissioners.-Land Offices.-Surveyor-general's Office organ-
ized. Enlargement of Territorial Limits.-Indian Nations included.-Legislative
Care for the Encouragement of Education.-First College and first Academy charter-
ed. The Robber Mason killed.-Emigration in 1803, in anticipation of the Occupa
tion of Louisiana.-Governor Claiborne Commissioner.-Commissioners and Troops
advance toward New Orleans.-Protestant Religion introduced in Mississippi Ter-
ritory.--Washington County erected into a Judicial District.-Harry Toulmin, Judge.
-First Delegate to Congress.-Robert Williams, Governor.-First City Charter of
Natchez.-Spanish Exactions on the Mobile.-First Natchez Hospital.-Border Col-
lisions.-Abduction of the Kempers.-Indian Treaties in 1805: with the Chickasâs;
with the Cherokees; Creeks; Choctâs. First "Choctâ Purchase."- Extent of
White Settlements in 1806.-Spanish Encroachments on the Sabine.-Militia Move-
ments in Mississippi.-Burr's Conspiracy in the West.-Burr prepares to descend
the Mississippi.-President's Proclamation.-General Wilkinson protects New Or
leans.-Defensive Measures of Governor Mead in the Mississippi Territory.--Burr
appears before the Superior Court.-Patriotic Citizens of Wilkinson County.-Abor
tive Attempt to arraign Burr.-He escapes from Custody.-Is arrested near Fort
Stoddart.-Sent to Richmond, Virginia.-Emigration to Mississippi induced by Burr's
Plans.-Agriculture in the Territory in 1807.-Cotton the Staple Product.-Cotton
Receipts negotiable by Law.-First Digest of Territorial Laws.-First Road across
to Tombigby.-Lands on the Upper Tombigby.-Condition of the Tombigby Settle-
ments.-Patriotism of the Inhabitants.-Governor Williams.-First White Settle-
ments in "Madison County."-First Bank in the Territory in 1809.-Population in
1810.-Revolution in District of Baton Rouge.-First Brigade of Militia in 1812.-
Tennessee Volunteers under General Jackson.--General Wilkinson occupies Fort
Charlotte.-Mobile District annexed to the Mississippi Territory
CHAPTER XIV.
Page 339
THE MISSISSIPPI TERRITORY," FROM THE BEGINNING OF THE CREEK
WAR UNTIL THE ADMISSION OF THE STATES OF MISSISSIPPI" AND
"ALABAMA" INTO THE FEDERAL UNION.-A.D. 1813 TO 1819.
Argument. British Policy of instigating savage Warfare.--Population and Settlements
in 1813.-Origin of Creek Hostilities.-Prosperous Condition of the Creeks in 1812.-
British Instigation from Canada.-Tecumseh stirs up a war Party in the Creek Nation.
-Tombigby Settlements menaced by hostile Creeks.-Deluded Security of Colonel
Hawkins and General Flournoy.-General Claiborne advances to the Tombigby.—
Judge Toulmin's Opinion of the true State of the Indian Affairs.-Disposition of Troops
under General Claiborne.-Condition of Affairs on the Alabama in August.-General
Claiborne's Letter.-Major Beasly admonished of Danger.-Attack and Massacre of
Mims's Fort.-Number of Whites slain.-Loss of Indians.-Consternation produced
by the Disaster.-Wretched Condition of the Inhabitants.-Marauding Bands of In
dians ravage the Country.-Employment of the Choctás urged as indispensably nec-
essary. General Claiborne secures the Co-operation of the Choctâs under Mushula-
tubbe and Pushmataha.-Spanish Treachery detected.-British Supplies for Indians
sent to Pensacola.-The Army advances to Fort Claiborne.-Advances to the Holy
Ground, and defeats Creeks under Weatherford.-The Georgia Troops under General
Floyd invade eastern Part of the Creek Nation.-Tennessee Troops invade the north-
ern Part.-General Jackson advances to Fort Strother, on the Coosa.-Battle of Tal-
lushatches.-Battle of Talladega.-Creeks supplied for the War by British Agents.-
Battle of Emuckfaw.-Battle of Enotochopco.-Battle of the Horse-shoe, or Tohope-
ka-The Power of the Creeks humbled.-Invasion of the Hickory Grounds.-"Fort
Jackson" built.-Submission of the hostile Chiefs.-Surrender of Weatherford.-
Treaty of Fort Jackson.-Its Conditions and Requirements.-Colonel Nichols in Flor-
ida.-General Jackson Commander-in-chief in 7th military District.-British Emis-
saries among the Florida Indians.-Jackson advances to Mobile.-Defense of Fort
Bowyer against British Fleet.-Expels the British Forces from Pensacola.-Trib-
ute of Esteem to General Jackson.-Advance of white Population into the Indian
Country. Settlements north and south of Tennessee River; upon Sources of Tom-
bigby.-Monroe County organized.-Population of Madison County in 1815.-The
Creeks instigated by British Emissaries to reject the Treaty of Fort Jackson.-Pop-
alation of the Territory in 1816.-Application for Authority to form a state Govern-
ment.-Indian Treaties in 1816.-Territory divided.-"State of Mississippi" admit-
ted into the Union.-Choctâ Cession by Treaty of Doak's Stand.-Ceded Territory
organized into Counties.-Permanent state Capital selected.-"City of Jackson."-
County of Monroe annexed.-Final Extension of the state Jurisdiction within the
entire Limits.-Summary of Indian Treaties within the Mississippi Territory.-Gov-
ernors of Mississippi.-Alabama Territory organized.-State of Alabama admitted
into the Union.-Subsequent increase of Population Page 391
CHAPTER XV.
TERRITORY OF ORLEANS" FROM ITS FIRST ORGANIZATION UN-
TIL AFTER ITS ADMISSION INTO THE UNION AS THE STATE OF
LOUISIANA."-A.D. 1804 TO 1815.
Argument.-William C. C. Claiborne Governor-general of the Province of Louisiana.-
General James Wilkinson Commander-in-chief of the Army.-Emigrants from the
United States.-Governor Claiborne's judicious Administration.-Territorial Gov-
ernment provided for the "Territory of Orleans."-Plan of Government obnoxious
to the People.-Volunteer Companies patronized by the Governor.-Expressions of
popular Discontent by the French Population.-Territorial Government instituted.-
First Territorial Legislature.-First Bank created.-Territorial Legislature modi-
fied. Discontent in Baton Rouge District.-Abduction of the Kempers.-Their Re-
lease. Spanish Exactions on the Mobile River, and Aggressions West of the Mis-
sissippi in 1805.-Spanish Officers in New Orleans.-They contemplate the Missis-
sippi south of Red River as their eastern Boundary.-Re-enforcements in Texas and
Florida-Policy of the Federal Government.-Advance of the Spanish Troops to Red
River.-Movements of United States Troops.-Spanish Troops on the Bayou Pierre
and Arroyo Hondo.-Remonstrances of Governor Claiborne.-General Wilkinson ad-
vances the Army to Natchitoches.-His Negotiation with General Herrera.-Span-
iards retire West of the Sabine.-Wilkinson proceeds to New Orleans to intercept
Burr's Operations.-His energetic Measures against the Conspirators.-Zealous co-
operation of Governor Claiborne.-His Proclamation. - Arrest of Dr. Bollman and
others. Great popular Excitement.-Conflict of the civil and military Authorities.
-Affected Zeal of Judges Workman and Hall for the Supremacy of the civil Pow-
er.-Efforts made by Persons clothed with civil Authority to embarrass General
Wilkinson, and to protect the Conspirators.-Burr utterly circumvented in the Mis-
sissippi Territory.-Lieutenant Pike's exploring Party returns from Santa Fé.-Ob-
ject of his Exploration.-Wilkinson's Position relative to Burr's Enterprise not crim-
inal. The Organization of the Territorial Government completed.-Great Mortality
of the Troops under General Wilkinson.-Revolt in District of Baton Rouge in
1810.-Spanish Authority expelled.-A Provisional Government established by the
People. The Baton Rouge District annexed to the Territory of Orleans.-Revolt
among Slaves above New Orleans in 1811.-State Government authorized.-Consti-
tution adopted.-Some of its Features.-"State of Louisiana" admitted into the
Union.-Baton Rouge District annexed.-State Government organized.-General
Wilkinson acquitted by a Court of Inquiry.-Advance of American Population into
Louisiana.-General Wilkinson's Activity in providing for maritime Defense of Loui-
siana against British Invasion.-Louisiana threatened by a powerful Armament.-
General Jackson Commander-in-chief.-He arrives at New Orleans.-His extra-
ordinary Efforts for the effectual Defense of the City.-Suppresses a spirit of De-
spondency by efficient Measures.-The Enemy advances by Way of the Lakes.-
Encounters American Gun-boats.-Martial Law proclaimed.-The Enemy advances
through Bayou Bienvenu.-American Army concentrated at New Orleans.-Active
Hostilities commence.-Efforts of the Enemy previous to January 8th.-Patriotic De-
votion of American Citizens in New Orleans.-Grand Attack upon the American Lines
on the 8th.--Repulse of the Enemy's bombarding Squadron at Fort St. Philip.-The
British Army retires from the Scene of its Disasters.-The Watchword "Booty and
Beauty."-Arbitrary Exercise of civil Authority by Judge Hall.-The unjust Fine
disclaimed by the American People after thirty Years.-Population of Louisiana in
1815.-Extent of Settlements.-Agricultural Resources.-Governors until 1846
CHAPTER XVI.
Page 448
PROGRESSIVE EXTENSION OF THE FEDERAL JURISDICTION Over the
NORTHWESTERN TERRITORY" TO THE MISSISSIPPI.--A.D. 1800
TO 1845.
Argument. The Origins of three States in Northwestern Territory.-Indiana.-Illi-
nois.-Michigan.--" Indiana Territory" organized.-Indian Treaties.-" Illinois Ter-
ritory" organized.-Michigan Territory organized.-Condition of these Territories in
1811-Shawanese threaten Hostilities.-United States Troops advance with Governor
Harrison toward the Prophet's Town.-Harrison contemplates a Treaty.-Unfortu
nate Battle of Tippecanoe.-Beginning of the Indian War in the West.-Emigration
to Indiana and Illinois in 1816.-"State of Indiana" admitted into the Union.-"State
of Illinois" admitted into the Union.-Progressive Increase of Population in these
States.-Treaties for Extinguishment of Indian Title.-Michigan Territory until 1832.
-Emigration to Michigan and Wisconsin.-Commercial and Agricultural Advantages
of Michigan discovered.-Increase of Population.-Extension of Settlements.-"State
of Michigan" admitted.-" Wisconsin Territory" organized.-Population and Re-
sources of Wisconsin.-"Territory of Iowa" organized in 1838.-Rapid Extension
of Population into Wisconsin and Iowa.-Aggregate Population of the States and
Territories comprised in original Limits of Northwestern Territory.-Commerce on
the Lakes.-Advance of Population and Education in the State of Michigan.-Emi-
gration to Wisconsin and Iowa Territories in 1840-43.-Wisconsin applies for Ad-
mission into the Union
. 519
CHAPTER XVII.
EXTENSION of the feDERAL UNION WEST OF THE MISSISSIPPI, AND
THE RE-ANNEXATION OF TEXAS.-A.D. 1803 TO 1846.
Argument.-Retrospect of the Province of Louisiana.-" Territory of Orleans" and
District of Louisiana.-Increase of Population in the Territory of Orleans and Dis-
trict of Louisiana.-Remote Missouri Regions explored by Lewis and Clark.-Lieu-
tenant Pike explores the Upper Mississippi and the Arkansas Rivers.-Population
advances into the District.-Settlements extend upon the Arkansas and Missouri.-
Missouri Territory organized in 1812.-New Impulse to Emigration in 1815.-Indian
Treaties.-Population of Missouri Territory in 1817.-" Territory of Arkansas" or