ou, as in our; th, as in thin; ru, as in this; N, nearly like ng.

FAYOUM or FYUM. See FAYOOM.

FEEJEE ISLANDS.

See FIJI.

FELICIANA, fe-lis-se-an-a, EAST, a parish in the N. E. part of La., bordering on Mississippi. Pop. 11,893. Seat of justice, Jackson.

FELICIANA, WEST, a parish of La., in the N. E. part of La., lying W. of the above, and bordering on the Mississippi r. Pop. 10,910. Seat of justice, St. Francisville.

FEM-ERN, a small i. of Denmark, in the Baltic, opposite to the coast of Holstein, intersected by the parallel of 54° 30′ N. Lat. and the meridian of 11° 10′ E. Lon. Pop. 7,600. (E. G.)

FEN-TRESS, a co. in the N. N. E. part of Tenn., bordering on Kentucky. Po. 3,550. Co. t. Jamestown.

FERE LA, lå fare, a fortified t. of France, in the dep. of Aisne, on the Oise, with an ancient school of artillery, and an arsenal. Lat. 49° 40' N., Lon. 3° 20′ E.

FER-MAN-AGU, an inland co. in the N. of Ireland, in the S. W. part of the prov. of Ulster. Pop. 149,763. (P. C.)

FERMO, R-mo, an archiepiscopal t. of Italy, in the Papal State, built near the site of the ancient Firmum, with a university and 7,000 inhabitants. (B.) Lat. 43° 10′ N., Lon. 13° 42′ E.

FER-MOY, a t. and military station of Ireland, in the co. of Cork, situated on the Blackwater r. Lat. 52° 8' N., Lon. 8° 18′ W. Pop., including the garrison, 6,976. (P. C.)

FERRARA, fer-rå/-rå, the most northern prov. of the Papal State, bordering on the Adriatic. Pop. 205,000. (P. C.)

FERRARA, a fortified archiepiscopal t. of Italy, the cap. of the above prov., is situated on an arm of the Po. Among its scientific and literary establishments, the university, with its library of above 80,000 vols., deserves particular mention. Here are reposited the autographs of Ariosto, Tasso, and Guarini. The first of these celebrated poets was born in this town. Ferrara was formerly the residence of the independent princes of the house of Este, and was one of the most distinguished seats of literature in Italy. Its population then exceeded 60,000. Lat. 44° 50′ N., Lon. 11° 36′ E. Present pop. about 24,000. (B.)

FER-RO (Sp. Hierro, yêr-ro), a small i. belonging to the group of Canaries, with an area of about 10 sq. leagues. It is important from the circumstance that longitudes were formerly reckoned from a meridian drawn through its western extremity. At present, however, what is called the meridian of Ferro, is placed about 30′ E. of the island of Ferro, and 20° W. of the meridian of Paris. Lat. of the centre of the island, about 27° 45′ N., Lon. 18° 10′ W.

FERROL, fer-role', a seaport t. of Spain, in Galicia, on an arm of the bay of Betanzos. This place is one of the three royal dock-yards of Spain. The entrance of its harbour, which is one of the finest in Europe, is defended by strong batteries. Lat. 43° 29′ 30′′ N., Lon. 8° 15' W. Pop. about 13,000. (B.)

FEZ or FAs, a kingdom in the N. W. part of Africa, subject to Mo

Fåte, får, fåll, fât; mẻ, met; pine or pine, pîn; nò, nôt; ŏŏ as in good;

rocco. Also the cap. of the above, the most important t. in the empire of Morocco, situated on a branch of the r. Seboo (Sébou). The houses are mostly of brick; the streets are paved, but narrow, crooked, and very dirty. Its schools are much celebrated. The river Seboo is navigable for boats to the neighbourhood of Fez. Lat. 34° 6' N., Lon. 5° 1 W. Pop. estimated by Balbi, at 80,000.

FEZZAN, fez-zân', a prov. of N. Africa, belonging to Tripoli, situated between 24° and 31° Ñ. Lat., and 12° and 18 E. Lon. It consists of an assemblage of oases, which present the largest population of any part of the Great Desert. Moorzook is the capital.-Inhab. FEZ`ZAN-EER!.

FICHTELGEBIRGE, fik/-tçl-ga-beĕr-ach, (i. e. Pine Mountains) an irregular mountain mass, situated principally in the N. E. part of Bavaria. FIESOLE, fyes/-o-là,* (Anc. Fæ/sulæ,) a small t. of Italy, in Tuscany, 4 m. E. of Florence, remarkable for its magnificent view of the Val d'Arno, and for its remains of antiquity.

FIFE-SHIRE, a Co. in the E. part of Scotland, between the Frith of Forth and the Frith of Tay. Pop. 140,140.

FIJI, pronounced, and often written, FEE-JEE, but called, by the natives, VITI, veel-tee. The Fiji Islands are a group in the Pacific, situated between 16° and 20° S. Lat. and near the 180° meridian; the largest is the Sandalwood Island. These islands abound in fruits and timber. The inhabitants, who are of mixed races, are represented as perfidious and daring.

FINISTÈRE, fin-is-tare', a dep. occupying the W. extremity of France, lying N. of the Bay of Biscay. The name is from the Latin finis terræ, which is equivalent to the English "Land's-end." Pop. 546,955. (B.) Capital, Quimper.

FINISTERE, (Sp. Finistierra, fin-is-te-er'-rå,) a cape forming the W. extremity of Spain. Lat. 42° 54' N., Lon. 9° 16' W. The name Finistere is French, and should be pronounced like that of the above department.

FIN-LAND, a country in the N. W. part of Russia; hounded on the S. by the Gulf of Finland, and on the W. by the Gulf of Bothnia. The Russian government of Finland extends considerably beyond the limits of Finland proper, and includes a part of Lapland.-Adj. FIN-NISII and FIN-NIC: inhab. FIN, and sometimes FIN-LAN-DER.

FINLAND, GULF OF, an arm of the Baltic, which extends in an easterly direction. It is about 260 m. long; its greatest breadth is about 75 m.

"And let us from the top of FIESOLE,
Whence Galileo's glass, by night observed,

The phases of the moon, look round below,
On Arno's vale

ROGERS' Italy, Part First, XXII.

Milton writes it FESOLE. See Paradise Lost, Book I., line 289.

ou, as in our; th, as in thin; TH, as in this; N, nearly like ng. FIN-MARK, a prov. occupying the N. extremity of the Scandinavian peninsula.

FISH RIVER, GREAT, a r. in the S. E. part of Africa, which flows into the Indian Ocean, in Lat. about 33° 26' S., Lon. 27° 4' E.

FIUME, fyoo-ma, a t. and free port of the Austrian empire, in Illyria, the cap. of a circle of the same name, is situated at the entrance of the Fiumara (fyoo-mål-rå) into the Gulf of Quarnaro, in the Adriatic. Lat. 45° 20′ N., Lon. 14° 26' E. Pop. above 9,000. (B.)

FLAN-DERS, (Fr. Flandre, flåndr,) a country of Europe, constituting the western portion of the kingdom of Belgium, and divided into two provinces, East and West Flanders. The latter borders on the North Sea. It contained, in 1836, 615,904 inhabitants. Bruges is the chief town. East Flanders is E. of the above, and bordering on it; its population, in 1832, was 742,793. Capital, Ghent.-Adj. FLEM-ISH, inhab. FLEM'-ING.

FLEM-ING, a co. in the N. E. part of Ky., bordering on the Licking r. Pop. 13,268. Co. t. Flemingsburg.

FLENS/-BURG OF FLENSBORG, flens/-borg, a seaport t. of Denmark, situated on an arm of the Baltic, near the centre of the duchy of Sleswig. Its manufactures and commerce are more flourishing than those of any other town in Jutland. Lat. 54° 47′ N., Lon. 9° 28′ E. Pop. about 16,000. (B.)

FLINT RIVER, a r. of Ga., which unites with the Chattahoochee to form the Appalachicola. It is about 300 m. long, and is navigable for boats about 50 m.

FLINTSHIRE, a co. occupying the N. E. extremity of Wales, and bordering on the r. Dee. Pop. 66,919.

FLOR-ENCE, (It. Firenze, fe-ren'-za, or Fiorenza, fe-o-ren/-zå: Anc. Floren'tia,) an archiepiscopal t. of Italy, the cap. of the grand-duchy of Tuscany, is situated on both sides of the r. Arno, in the midst of the delightful and highly cultivated Valdarno (or Val d'Arno, i. e. "Vale of the Arno"), about 145 m. N. by. W. from Rome. It is, on the whole, one of the most beautiful cities in Europe, though many of the streets are narrow, and the architecture of several of its palaces reminds one of the fortresses built in the middle ages. The churches of Florence are among the most magnificent in Christendom; Santa Maria del Fiore, (sån-tå må-reel-à del fe-o'-rå) called also the Duomo,* (doo-o'mo,) deserves particular mention. Its dome will bear a comparison with that of St. Peters, at Rome, and actually served as a model to Michael Angelo for erecting the magnificent cupola of that far-famed cathedral. The Tuscan capital contains numerous institutions for the promotion of the arts, sciences, and literature, among which we may cite the Imperial Academy of Fine Arts, the Medical and Surgical College attached to the Hospital of Santa Maria Nuova (noo-o'-vå), and the gallery of paintings and the library, in the palace Pitti (pit-te),

* i. e. " cathedral."

Fate, får, fåll, fåt; mẻ, mêt; pine or pine, pin; nô, nôt; õõ, as in good, the residence of the grand-duke. This library contains 70,000 printed vols. and 1,500 manuscripts; among others, the correspondence of Machievelli and Galileo. There is another library in the Palazzo Vechchio (på-låt/-so vek'-ke-o) or the town-house, which was anciently the seat of the government of the Florentine republic, containing 150,000 printed vols. and 12,000 manuscripts. In the same building there is contained one of the richest existing collections of sculptures, paintings, medals, and other works of art. Florence holds a conspicuous place in the history of modern Italy. It was founded by a colony of soldiers, sent out by Octavius, afterwards the first Roman emperor. It does not appear to have attained to any very great importance till in the early part of the 12th century, when, like the other towns of Tuscany, it began to govern itself as an independent republic. Soon after it became distinguished as the principle theatre of the famous contest between the Guelphs and Ghibelines. It remained in the enjoyment of a precarious and turbulent liberty, interrupted occasionally by temporary subjection to some of the more powerful neighbouring states, till about the year 1434, when the house of Medici began to exercise the chief authority in the commonwealth. The republican forms, however, continued to be respected during the administration of the first house of Medici; but the foreign wars, which desolated Italy in the 16th century, at length effected the fall of the Florentine republic; and the first line having become extinct, a member of a lateral branch of the Medici was placed by Charles V. as duke of Florence. The Observatory of Santo Giovanni (sån/-to jo-vån/-ne) is in 43° 46′ 41′′ N. Lat., and 11° 15' 54" E. Lon. The pop. of Florence, including the whole commune, amounts to 95,927. (P. C.)—Adj. and inhab. FLOR/-EN-TINE, (It. FIORENTINO, fe-o-ren-tee/-no).

FLO-RES, an i. belonging to the Azorian group, intersected by the parallel of 39° 36′ N. Lat., and the meridian of 31° 7 W. Lon. It is about 13 m. long, and 7 m. wide. Its name is derived from the multitude of flowers with which it abounds.

FLORES, Sometimes called En/-DE, an i. of Malaisia, situated between 8° and 9° 20' S. Lat., and 119° 30′ and 123° E. Lon. It is above 200 m. long, and about 50 m. wide. Little is known to Europeans respecting the aboriginal inhabitants. The coast is mostly colonized by the Bugis and Malays.

FLOUR, SAINT, Sân` floor', (rhyming with poor,) a t. of France, in the dep. of Cantal. Lat. 45° 2' N., Lon. 3° 6' E. Pop. in 1832, 5,813. (P. C.)

FLOR-I-DA, lately a territory, but admitted during the present session of Congress (1844-5) into the Union as a sovereign state, is situated between 24° 40′ and 31° N. Lat., and 79° 56′ and 87° 46′ W. Lon.; bounded on the N. by Alabama and Georgia, E. by the Atlantic, and

ou, as in our; th, as in thin; TH, as in this; N, nearly like ng. S. and W. by the Gulf of Mexico; it contains 21 counties.* Its length, from N. to S., from Cape Sable to the mouth of St. Mary's r., is about 400 m.; breadth of the northern part, 354 m.; greatest breadth of the peninsula, 172 m. The area is estimated at 55,000 sq. m. Pop. 54,477, of whom 27,943 are whites, 817 free coloured, and 25,717 slaves. l'once de Leon discovered this country in 1512, on Palm Sunday (called in Spanish Pasqua Florida), and from this circumstance bestowed upon it its present appellation. During a great part of the 16th century, the name was applied indefinitely to the S. E. coast of N. America, but was finally restricted to what now constitutes the state of Florida. That portion which lies W. of the r. Appalachicola, was formerly designated West Florida; the remainder, including the peninsula, East Florida.

FLOYD, a co. in the S. S. W. part of Va., bordering on the Blue Ridge. Pop. 4,453. Seat of justice, Floyd c. h.

FLOYD, a Co. in the N. W. part of Ga., bordering on Alabama. Pop. 4,441. Co. t. Rome.

FLOYD, a co. near the E. extremity of Ky., intersected by the W. Fork of the Sandy r. Pop. 6,302. Co. t. Prestonsburg.

FLOYD, a co. in the S. S. E. part of Ind., bordering on the Ohio r. Pop. 9,454. Co. t. New Albany.

FLUSH-ING (Dutch Vlis/-sing-en), a fortified seaport t. of Holland, in the prov. of Zealand, on the S. side of the i. of Walcheren, remarkable for its harbour, its extensive dock-yards, and its fine basins, one of which is sufficiently deep to receive the largest ships of war. Lat. 51° 27 N., Lon. 3° 35′ E. Pop. above 6,000. (P. C.)

FLU-VAN-NA, a co. in the E. central part of Va., bordering on James r. Pop. 8,812. Co. t. Palmyra.

FOUR, or FOUR-DE, a Danish i. on the W. coast of Sleswick, with an area of 25 sq. m. and 5,000 inhabitants. (P. C.)

FOGGIA, foj-ji, an important commercial t. of Naples, the cap. of the prov. of Capitanata, situated in the midst of a vast plain, 78 m. Ñ. E. of Naples. Lat. 41° 27' N., Lon. 15° 30′ E. Pop. about 21,000. (B.)

Foix, fwa, a t. of France, the cap. of the dep. of Ariège, and the ancient residence of the counts of Foix, is situated on the r. Ariège. Lat. 42° 58′ N., Lon. 1° 36′ E. Pop. 5,000. (B.)

FOND DU LAC, a co. in the E. part of Wisconsin, at the S. extremity of L. Winnebago. Pop. 139.

FONDI, fon'-de, (Anc. Fun'di,) a t. of Naples, in the prov. of Terra di Lavoro, remarkable for its antiquities. Parts of the pavement of the celebrated Appian Way (via Appia), which forms the principal street of Fondi, are here preserved in their primitive state. Lat. 41° 21' N., Lon. 13° 25′ E. Pop. 5,000. (B.)

FONTAINEBLEAU, fʊN`-tane`-blō', a t. of France, in the dep. of Seine

Alachua, Calhoun, Columbia, Dade, Duval, Escambia, Franklin, Gadsden, Hamilton, Hillsborough, Jackson, Jefferson, St. John's, Leon, Madison, Monroe, Mosquito, Nassau, Santa Rosa, Walton, Washington.