Fåte, får, fåll, fât; mẻ, måt; p'ne or pine, pln; nỗ, nỗt; õõ as in good, principal branches of which rise in the Himalaya Mountains, near 31° N. Lat., and between 78° 30′ and 80° E. Lon. One of these, the Bag. haret'tee, which is considered the true Ganges, rises from the side of a mountain 13,800 ft. above the level of the sea. In the first part of its course it runs south-westerly, but gradually changes towards the S. E., and, after its union with the Jumna, in about 25° 20′ N. Lat., and 82 E. Lon., it flows easterly, and continues in this direction to near 88 E. Lon., when it again changes to the S. E., and falls into the Bay of Bengal, by many mouths. The whole length of the Ganges is estimated at near 1,500 m. It is navigable, for small boats, almost to its source, during the rainy season, and the greater portion of it is navigable all the year round, but not for vessels of the same size. Even some of the principal branches are impassable for large boats during six months of the year.-Adj. GANGETIC, gan-jet'-ik.

GAP, gåp, a city in the S. E. part of France, cap. of the dep. of Upper Alps. It had, in the 16th century, more than twice its present number of inhabitants. Lat. 44° 34′ N., Lon. 6° 5′ E. Pop. 7,000. (B.)

GARD, gaR, a dep. in the S. of France, bordering on the Mediterranean and the r. Rhone. Pop. 366,259. (B.) Capital, Nimes.

GARDA, gar/-då, LAKE OF, (Anc. Bena/cus,) the largest lake in Italy, situated between 45° 26′ and 45° 56′ N. Lat., and 10° 32′ and 10° 50' E. Lon. Its length is about 35 m.; its greatest breadth about 10 m. The r. Mincio forms its outlet. A steamboat plies between Desenzano (da-sen-za-no) on its S. coast, and Riva (ree/-vå) at its N. extremity, in Tyrol.

GARDON, gar`-dònꞌ, a small r. in the S. of France, which intersects the dep. of Gard, and flows into the Rhone. Over the valley of this stream is the celebrated Pont du Gard (p^n dü GaR), a magnificent Roman aqueduct, 895 ft. long, and about 160 ft. above the waters of the river, which was constructed for the purpose of supplying the ancient Nemausus (now Nîmes) with water from the fountain of Aure.

GARD-INER, a flourishing t. of Maine, in Kennebeck co., situated on the r. Kennebeck, about 8 m. S. of Augusta. Pop. of the township, 5,042.

GARFAGNANA, gar-fan-yå/-nå, a highland dist. of the northern Apennines, situated on the borders of the states of Tuscany, Genoa, and Modena.

GARIGLIANO, gå-reel-yå'-no, a small r. of Naples, which flows into the Mediterranean, about 10 m. E. of Gaëta.

GAR-ONNE (the Garum'na of the Romans), a r. in the S. W. part of France, which rises a little beyond the frontier, in the kingdom of Spain, and, flowing in a north-westerly direction, unites with the Dordogne, about 15 m. below Bordeaux, to form the Gironde. Its length is about 360 m. It is navigable above 200 m., though there are many impediments in the upper part of its course.

GARONNE, UPPER, (Fr. Haute Garonne, ōte gå`-ronn',) a dep. in the

ou, as in our; th, as in thin ; TH, as in this; N, nearly like ng; Ģ like j. S. of France, intersected by the r. Garonne. Pop. 454,727. Capital, Toulouse.

GAR-RARD, a co. in the E. central part of Ky., bordering on the r. Kentucky. Pop. 10,480. Co. t. Lancaster.

GAR-ROWS, a mountainous dist. bordering on the N. E. frontier of Bengal, tributary to the British.

GAS -CO-NADE, a r. of Mo., which flows into the Missouri r.

GASCONADE, a co. in the E. central part of Mo., intersected by the above, and bordering on the Missouri r. Pop. 5,330. Co. t. Mount Sterling.

GAS-CO-NY, (Fr. Gascogne, gås`-coñ',) formerly a prov. in the S.W. part of France, now constituting the deps. of the Upper Pyrenees, Gers, and Landes, and part of the Lower Pyrenees, Upper Garonne, Lot and Garonne, and Ariège.-Adj. and inhab. GAS-CON.

GASPE, gas-på, a co. of Lower Canada, surrounding a bay of the same name in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Lat. of the latter, about 48° 47' N., Lon. 64° 20′ W.

GATES, a co. in the N. E. part of N. C., bordering on Va. and the Chowan r. Pop. 8,161. Co. t. Gatesville.

GATESHEAD. See NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE.

GA-ZA, an ancient t. of Palestine, situated near the borders of the desert which separates this country from Egypt, about 3 m. from the Mediterranean. Lat. 31° 27′ N., Lon. 34° 27′ E. Pop. between 3,000 and 4,000. (P. C.)

GE-AU-GA, a co. near the N. E. extremity of Ohio. Pop. 16,297. Co. t. Chardon.

GEEL, gheel, (Dutch pron. Hale,) a t. of Belgium, in the prov. of Antwerp, remarkable for the great number of persons afflicted with insanity, who are sent thither from the surrounding country, to board in private families. The inhabitants, generally speaking, appear to possess great skill in the treatment of this malady, which forms the principal part of their occupation. Lat. 51° 10′ Ñ., Lon. 4° 58′ E. Pop. about 7,000. (P. C.)

GEFLE, yev-là, a seaport t. of Sweden, situated at the mouth of a little stream which flows into the Baltic, important on account of its commerce, its dock-yards, and the number of its merchant vessels. It is regarded as the third seaport of Sweden. Here is a celebrated gymnasium. Lat. 60° 40′ N., Lon. 17° 8' E. Pop. 8,000. (B.)

GEL-DERS OF GUELDERS, (Dutch, Geldern, Hell-dern,) called also GELDER-LAND, a prov. in the E. part of Holland, bordering on the Prussian dominions. The area scarcely exceeds 2,000 sq. m.. Pop. in 1824, 279,226. Capital, Arnhem. The ancient duchy of Gelders was considerably larger than the present province. One division of it, called Upper Gelders, remained subject to Spain after the successful revolt of the maritime provinces of the Netherlands; and a part of this, including the town of Gelders, now belongs to Prussia.

GELDERS OF GELDERN, a small t. and once an important fortress of the Prussian dominions, in the circle of Düsseldorf, 48 m. N. W. of

Fate, får, fåll, fåt; mê, mêt; pine or pine, pin; nỏ, nôt; õõ as in good;

Cologne. From it the above-mentioned duchy took its name. Lat. 51° 31' Ñ., Lon. 6° 19' E. Pop. 3,600. (B.)

GEN-E-SEE', a r. which rises in Pa., and, flowing across the W. part of N. Y., empties itself into L. Ontario. Its whole length is about

125 m.

GENESEE, a co. in the N. W. part of N. Y., a little to the W. of the above r. Pop. 59,587. Co. t. Batavia.

GENESEE, a co. in the S. E. central part of Mich., S. of Saginaw Bay. Pop. 4,268. Co. t. Flint.

GEN-ES-E-O, the seat of justice of Livingston co., N. Y., situated on the r. Genesee, about 25 m. S. by W. of Rochester.

GEN-E-VA, (Ger. Genf, ghenf; Fr. Genève, zhen-ave'; It. Ginevra, jin-à-vrå,) a celebrated city of Switzerland, the cap. of a canton of the same name, situated on both sides of the Rhone, where it issues from L. Leman. The larger part of the town is on the S side, but a por. tion is built on an island in the river, which is joined to the two banks by bridges. A smaller island, at the very point where the Rhone issues from the lake, is planted with trees, and forms a public promenade. A handsome suspension bridge has recently been thrown across the river. The town is regularly fortified, with ramparts, ditches, and bastions. As a seat of learning, Geneva holds a distinguished rank among the European cities. Its academy, or rather university, founded by Calvin, has the four faculties of theology, law, science, and belles lettres, with forty professors. The Botanic Garden is considered as the first establishment of the kind in Switzerland. Our limits will not permit us to mention even the principal among its numerous literary and scientific institutions; yet we may briefly notice the various collections in the sciences of mineralogy, entomology, botany, &c., especially the botanical library, and the magnificent herbarium of M. De Candolle, which contains not less than 58,000 different species, and may be regarded as the finest collection of the kind which has ever been made. The manufacturing industry of Geneva is chiefly directed to the construction of clocks and watches, and to works in jewelry. It would be difficult to name another town of equal size which has produced so many distinguished persons as Geneva; among these may be mentioned Saussure, Rousseau, Madame de Stäel, and Sismondi. Geneva is one of the oldest cities in Western Europe, and is mentioned under its present name, in Cæsar's Commentaries on the Gallic war. (Lib. I., 7 and 8.) After the reformation, it became, under the auspices of John Calvin, one of the principal rallying points of the reformed communion, so as to be styled by some "the Rome of the Protestants." Much of its present moral and intellectual elevation must be ascribed to the strong impression which Calvin stamped upon it three centuries ago. The Observatory is in 46° 11' 59" N. Lat., and 6° 9′22′′ E. Lon. Pop. in 1834, 27,177. (P. C.)-Adj. and inhab. GEN-E-VESE'.

GENEVA, CANTON OF, occupies the S. W. extremity of Switzerland. The area is computed at about 93 sq. m. The entire pop. in 1834

ou, as in our; th, as in thin; TH, as in this; N, nearly like ng ; Ģ like j. amounted to 56,655. (P. C.) This is the smallest canton of the Swiss confederation.

GENEVA, a village of N. Y., beautifully situated at the N. end of Seneca Lake. Pop. about 3,000.

GENEVIEVE (jen`-e-veev/) ST., a co. in the E. S. E. part of Mo., bordering on the Mississippi. Pop. 3,148. Co. t. St. Genevieve.

GEN-O-A (the Gen'ua of the ancient Romans; It. Genova, jen'-o-vå; Fr. Gênes, zhain); an archiepiscopal city in the N. W. part of Italy, formerly the cap. of the celebrated republic of this name, situated at the foot of the Northern Apennines, in the recess of a wide gulf on the Mediterranean, to which it gives its name. It is strongly fortified on the land side, being enclosed by a double line of fortifications. Though, in general, irregularly and badly built, it contains many fine edifices; the palace Durazzo, and that of Andrew Doria are among the most remarkable. Genoa has several important literary and scientific institutions; the University, with its twenty-nine professors, the Academy of Fine Arts, and the Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, are perhaps the most deserving notice. The territory of the old republic now forms a part of the kingdom of Sardinia, under the name of the duchy of Genoa. The climate of this region is healthy, and the atmosphere remarkably pure. The Genoese are a shrewd, active, frugal, industrious, and still eminently commercial people. The town is in Lat. 44° 25' N., Lon. 8° 58′ E. Pop. above 80,000. (B.)— Adj. and inhab. GEN-O-ESE.

GEORGE, LAKE, a lake in the E. N. E. part of N. Y., situated between the counties of Washington and Warren; it is 33 m. in length, and about 2 in breadth. Its outlet, which is 3 m. long, flows into Lake Champlain. It is studded with small islands, and its waters are remarkably pure and transparent: these circumstances, together with the wild and lofty hills by which it is surrounded, render it almost unequalled for picturesque and romantic beauty.

GEORGE, ST., (Port. Sam Jorge, soung zhor/-zhå,) an i. of the Azores, intersected by the parallel of 38° 30′ N. Lat., and the 28th meridian of W. Lon. Length above 30 m.; mean breadth only 4 or 5 m.

GEORGE-TOWN, formerly STABROEK (stål-brook), the cap. of British Guiana, situated near the mouth of the r. Demerara. It formerly belonged to the Dutch. Lat. about 6° 48' N., Lon. 58° 7′ W. Pop. about 10,000. (B.)

GEORGETOWN, a dist. in the S. E. part of S. C., intersected by the Great Pedee r., and bordering on the sea. Pop. 18,274. Co. t. George

town.

GEORGETOWN, a port of entry, cap. of the above situated on Winyaw Bay, at the mouth of the Great Pedee r.

79° 17′ W. Pop. estimated at about 2,000.

Lat. 33° 21' N., Lon

* See Introduction, I.

Fate, får, fåll, fåt; mê, met; pine or pine, pin; nò, nôt; õõ, as in good;

GEORGETOWN, a t. and port of entry of Washington co., in the Dist. of Columbia, situated at the confluence of Rock Creek with the Potomac, 21 m. above the capitol. Pop. 7,312.

GEORGIA, jor'-je-a, (called by the Russians Grusia, groo1-se-å,) a considerable country of Asia, situated between the Black Sea and the Caspian, and extending from 38° 18′ to 43° 52′ N. Lat., and from 39° 43 to 50° 14' E. Lon. These, however, are to be understood as the limits of the Russian prov. of this name. Georgia Proper is considerably less extensive. There is some diversity among geographers respecting its boundaries; but it appears to have included originally nearly the whole of the southern declivity of the Caucasus, from the Caspian to the Black Sea. The origin of the name is unknown: some derive it from the r. Koor (Kur), which intersects nearly the whole extent of this fine country. The Persians call it Goorgistan. The climate of Georgia is mild and, in general, very healthy. The Georgian girls, like those of Circassia, are celebrated for their beauty, though their complexion is said to be less delicate, and their figure less graceful. This country produces many excellent fruits, among which are peaches, apricots, and figs. The vines are abundant, and of a good quality; the wine that is made from them is mostly sent to Persia. The pop. of Georgia Proper is estimated at 300,000. (M. B.) Capital, Tiflis.-Adj. and inhab. GEOR'-GI-AN.

GEORGIA, one of the thirteen original U. S., between 30° 21' and 35° N. Lat., and 81° and 85° 50 W. Lon; bounded on the N. by North Carolina and Tennessee, N. E. by South Carolina, E. and S. E. by the Atlantic, S. by Florida, and W. by Alabama; and divided into 93 counties.* Length, from N. to S., about 300 m.; greatest breadth, from E. to W., near 250 m. The area is estimated at 62,000 sq. m. Pop. 691,392, of whom 407,695 are whites, 2,753 free coloured, and 280,944 slaves. Milledgeville is the seat of government.

GERA, gà-rå, a t. of Germany, the seat of government for the Reuss principalities, which are on the W. border of Saxony. It is also the seat of a Protestant consistory. Lat. 50° 53' N., Lon. 12° 4' E. Pop. about 9,000. (B.)

GER-MAIN, SAINT, (Fr. pron. sẵn ZhẻR`-mân'), a town of France, in the dep. of Seine and Oise, situated on the left bank of the Seine, about 14 m. W. by N. from Paris, with which it is connected by a rail

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