Fåte, får, fåll, fåt; mě, mit; pine or pine, pin; no, not; ōō as in good; we must refer the reader to other sources for information on this point, as our limits will not permit us to enter upon a subject so intricate and extensive. We may, however, observe, that with the exception of the Brahmins, a majority of whom still adhere to the ancient faith, the sects into which the Hindoos are at present divided, are of comparatively modern origin; and that the various political changes resulting formerly, from the Mahometan, and, more lately, from the European conquests, by diminishing the authority of the Brahmins, have greatly contributed to the rise of new systems of belief among the common people, as well as facilitated the introduction of the religion of other nations. The number of Mahometans in Hindostan may be vaguely estimated at about 10,000,000. Most of these are supposed to be the descendants of Asiatic foreigners. It appears, however, that many of the Hindoos, without fully embracing the Moslem faith, have allowed their original doctrines and practices to be considerably modified by it. The two religions in some parts are on perfectly friendly terms, and the people apply frequently to one another's saints and deities, when their own appear to fail. The European inhabitants of Hindostan may be estimated at about 2,000,000. They are chiefly the descendants of Portuguese. The British, though they are in actual possession of nearly one-half of the country, and dictate to more than three-fourths of it, are said not to exceed 60,000.—Adj. and inhab. HIN-DOO. HINDUSTANI OF HINDOSTANEE, hin-dos-tå'-ne, is an epithet applied to the language adopted after the Mahometan conquest, as the general means of communication between the Hindoos and Mahometans. It is based on an original Hindoo dialect, with which, however, many Persian and Arabic words have become incorporated.

HINDS, hindz, a co. in the W. part of Miss., between the Pearl and Big Black rivers. Pop. 19,098. Co. seat, Raymond.

HISPANIOLA. See HAYTI.

HO-ANG-HO* or whang'-ho', (i. e. the "Yellow River," so named from the colour which the yellow clay along its banks gives to its waters,) one of the largest rivers of China, which rises near 35° N. Lat. and 98 E. Lon., and, after flowing in a very circuitous course, in which it passes beyond 41° N. Lat., empties itself into the Yellow Sea, in about 33° 50' N. Lat., and 120° 10′ E. Lon. Its length is estimated at 2,400 m.

HO-BART TOWN (commonly pronounced by the colonists Hob/-ar-ton), the cap. of the British colony of Van Diemen's Land, is situated on the estuary of the r. Derwent, in the S. E. part of the island. Lat. 42° 54' S., Lon. 147° 27' E. Pop. estimated at 10,000. (B.)

HO-BO-KEN, in the co. of Bergen, N. J., on the Hudson, opposite to New York, is chiefly remarkable as a place of resort for the inhabitants of that city.

"By Oton-tala, like a sea of stars,

The hundred sources of HOANG-HO burst."

SOUTHEY'S Thalaba, Book VI.

ou, as in our; th, as in thin; TH, as in this; N, nearly like ng.

HOCK-ING, a co. in the S. part of Ohio, intersected by a river of the same name, which flows into the Ohio r. Pop. 9,741. Co. t. Logan. Hōr, a manufacturing t. of Bavaria, on the r. Saale, near its source. Lat. 50° 17′ N., Lon. 11° 53′ E. Pop. about 7,000. (B.)

HOHENZOLLERN, ho`-en-tsol-lern, a sovereign principality of Germany, lying on both sides of the Danube, surrounded by Baden and Würtenberg, and intersected by the 48th parallel of N. Lat. and the 9th meridian of E. Lon. It is divided into Hohenzollern-Sigmaring'en, and Hohenzollern-Hechingen (hek/-ing en), which belong to two different branches of the house of Hohenzollern. The total area is 580 sq. m. Pop. 64,420; about two-thirds of whom belong to Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen. (P. C.) Sigmaringen, a little town on the Danube, with a pop. of 1,600 (B.), is the capital of this principality. Hechingen is the capital of the other division.

HOL-BEACH, a small t. of England, in Lincolnshire, 90 m. N. of London.

66

HOL-LAND, (Dutch pron. hol/-lånt; originally Ollant, i. e. muddy or marshy land,") a kingdom in the W. of Europe, situated between 50° 45′ and 53° 30′ N. Lat., and 3° 20′ and 7° 8′ E. Lon., (not including the province of Luxemburg;) bounded on the N. by the North Sea, E. by Germany, S. by Belgium, and W. by the North Sea. Its greatest length, from N. to S., is about 185 m.; its greatest breadth, from E. to W., is about 120 m. The area is about 11,000 sq. m. The pop., in 1839, was 2,583,271. (P. C.) According to the census of 1844, it is stated to be 2,953,618. The face of this country is remarkably flat and low, some parts lying even below the level of the sea, against the inroads of which, they are protected partly by immense dikes or artificial banks of earth, and partly by sand-hills cast up by the ocean. From this natural peculiarity the name Netherlands, i. e. "Lowlands," is derived. Holland is divided into twelve provinces; viz., Brabant (North), Drenthe, Friesland, Gelders, Groningen, North and South Holland, Limburg, Luxemburg, Overyssel, Utrecht, and Zealand. The Hague is the ordinary residence of the king and court.—Adj. DUTCH; inhab. DUTCH-MAN OF HOL/-LAND-ER.

HOLLAND, an important prov. of the above kingdom, bordering on the North Sea, which has given its name to the whole country. It is divided into North and South Holland. Pop. of the former, 22,503; of the latter, 503,354. (P. C.)

HOLMES, a co. in the N. W. central part of Miss., bordering on the Yazoo r. Pop. 9,452. Co. seat, Lexington.

HOLMES, a co. in the N. E. central part of Ohio. Pop. 18,088. Co. t. Millersburg.

HOLSTEIN, hol'-stine, a duchy in the N. of Germany, belonging to Denmark, situated between 53° 30′ and 54° 26' N. Lat., and 8° 46′ and 11° 7′ E. Lon. Area, 3,250 sq. m. Pop. in 1835, 435,596. (P. C.) Glückstadt is the capital.

HOL-STON, a r. which rises in the Alleghany Mountains of Va., and flowing into Tenn., unites with the Tennessee r.

Fate, far, fall, fát; mẻ, mêt; pine or pine, pin ; nô, nôt; oo as in good ;

HOLT, a co. forming the N. W. extremity of Mo.

HOLYHEAD, hol'-e-hed`, a seaport t. of Wales, situated on a small island of the same name, at the western extremity of the island of Anglesey, with which it is connected by a suspension bridge of cast iron. It is the station of the post-office packets, which sail daily between this port and Dublin. Lat. 53° 19′ N., Lon. 4° 37′ W. Pop. 3,869.

HOL-Y-WELL, a flourishing manufacturing t. of Wales, in Flintshire, situated near the S. side of the estuary of the r. Dee, about 10 m. E. of St. Asaph. The machinery belonging to the manufacturing establishments of this place, is for the most part worked by a stream which issues from the Holy Well of St. Winifred, once so celebrated for the healing virtue of its waters. This spring boils up out of the rock with violence, as from a cauldron, and is said to discharge above 20 tons of water in a minute. It was formerly resorted to by a great number of pilgrims. Pop. of the parish, 10,834.

HOMBURG. See HESSE-HOMBURG.

HOMS OF HUMS (Anc. Em'esa), a decayed t. of Syria, situated near the Orontes. Lat. 34° 50′ N., Lon. 36° 39′ E.

HONDA, on'-då, a t. of S. America, in New Granada, situated on the r. Magdalena. Lat. 5° 12′ N., Lon. 74° 53′ W. Pop. estimated at above 5,000. (B.)

HONDURAS, hon-doo'-rås, one of the states of Central America, situated S. of, and bordering on the Bay of Honduras. Comayagua is the capital.

HONDURAS, BAY OF, is situated on the E. coast of Central America, between the Cape of Honduras, near 16° N. Lat. and 86° W. Lon., and Cape Catoche (kå-to'-cha), in about 21° 35' N. Lat., and 87° W. Lon. HONFLEUR, ON`-flUR', a seaport t. of France, in the dep. of Calvados, situated on the left bank of the Seine, almost at its mouth. Lat. 49° 25' N., Lon. 0° 14' E. Pop. in 1832, 8,409. (P. C.)

HONITON, hun'-e-ton, a small t. of England, in Devonshire, 16 m. E. by N. from Exeter. Pop. of the parish, 3,895.

HONOLULU. See OAHU.

HOOG-LY, an important arm of the Ganges, on which Calcutta is situated. It is navigable for ships only as far as the tide reaches; that is, about 30 m. above Calcutta. Near this town, its breadth is about three-quarters of a mile, but at its mouth it amounts to near 10 m.

HOORN, hōRn, an important seaport t. of North Holland, the cap. of a dist. of the same name, with the best harbour on the Zuyder Zee. Lat. 52° 38' N., Lon. 5° 1' E. Pop. 10,000. (B.)

HOP-KINS, a co. in the W. part of Ky., bordering on Green r. Pop. 9,171. Co. t. Madisonville.

HORN, CAPE. See CAPE HORN.

HOR/-RY, a dist. forming the E. extremity of S. C. Pop. 5,755. Sea of justice, Conwayborough.

HORS-HAM, a small t. of England, in Sussex, 33 m. S. by W. from London.

HORTA. See FAYAL.

ou, as in our; th, as in thin; TMH, as in this; N, nearly like ng. HOT SPRING, a large co. in the W. part of Ark. Pop. 1,907. Co. t. Hot Spring.

HOT-TEN-TOTS, a people of S. Africa, inhabiting the country bordering on the Cape Colony. They are represented as a mild, timid people, perfectly harmless, honest, faithful, and capable of strong attachment. They are a good-natured, and, on the whole, a good-looking race, having, many of them, finely-formed foreheads and prominent features. Their hands and feet are remarkably small, while their limbs are in general well proportioned. Their great defect, or rather vice, is indolence, accompanied by its almost inseparable attendants, degradation and filth. The male Hottentots go nearly naked; the females wear an apron attached to a girdle round the waist, which, however, does not reach to the knees. Their dress is formed of the skin of some animal, commonly of sheep-skin. They lead a wandering life, living chiefly on the milk of their cattle. Their huts are constructed of mats stretched over a frame of sticks, in the shape of a bee-hive, and are easily removed on their pack-oxen, as they migrate from place to place. But few, however, of the tribes have preserved their independence and their original customs, unaltered by the neighbourhood of European civilization, and, we may add, of European vice and cruelty. The state of servitude to which many of these people were formerly subjected, particularly by the Dutch colonists, appears to have nearly deprived them of the little energy and spirit which they derived from nature, and to have greatly reduced the number of those dwelling within the limits of the colony. It is, however, proper to state that slavery was abolished, in this part of the British possessions, by an act which went into operation on August 1st, 1834. Some of the Hottentots, especially the Griguas or Griquas (gree/-quas), have made considerable progress in civilization, which they owe to the missionaries established among them.

HOUSATONIC, hoo`-su-ton'-ik, a r. which rises in Mass., and, flowing southward through Conn., falls into Long Island Sound, about 14 m. S. W. of New Haven.

HOUSTON, hews'-ton, a co. in the S. central part of Ga., bordering on the r. Ocmulgee. Pop. 9,711. Co. t. Perry.

HOUSTON, a t., formerly the cap. of Texas, on a small creek which flows into Galveston Bay. Lat. about 30° N., Lon. 95° 30′ W. Pop. 4,500.

How-ARD, a co. in the N. central part of Mo., bordering on the r. Missouri. Pop. 13,108. Co. t. Fayette.

HUD-DERS-FIELD, an important manufacturing t. of England, in the W. Riding of Yorkshire, 24 m. N. W. of Sheffield. It is situated on the Huddersfield Canal, by which it is put in communication with all the principal places of the kingdom. Where this canal passes under Stanedge Hill, there is a tunnel, which is 5,451 yards (above 3 m.) in length, and in one place 222 yards below the surface. The manufactures of Huddersfield are chiefly in woollen. The pop. of this t. in

Fate, far, fall, fât; mè, mét; phne or pine, pin; nở, nôt; čo as in good : 1811 was only 9,671 (E. G.); in 1841 it amounted to 25,068. It includes an area of about 6 sq. m.

HUD-SON or NORTH RIVER, one of the finest and most important rivers in the U. S., which rises in the N. E. part of N. Y., and, flowing nearly due S. in its general course, communicates with the Atlantic, about 10 m. below New York. Its whole length is estimated at about 300 m. It is navigable for the largest ships to the city of Hudson, about 130 m., and for sloops to Troy, 166 m.

HUDSON, a city of N. Y., the cap. of Columbia co., is situated on the E. bank of the Hudson, at the head of ship navigation, 130 m. above New York. Lat. 42° 14' N., Lon. 73° 46′ W. Pop. 5,672.

HUDSON, a co. in the N. E. part of N. J., bordering on the Hudson r. Pop. 9,483. Co. t. Jersey City.

HUDSON'S BAY, a large bay, extending from the Atlantic westward nearly into the centre of British N. America, is situated between 51° and 64° N. Lat., and 76° and 95° 30′ W. Lon. Its length, from S. S. E. to N. N. W., is nearly 1000 m.; its greatest breadth, from E. to W., about 600 m. It is connected with the Atlantic by Hudson's Strait, which is more than 300 m. long, and in its narrowest part is perhaps about 60 m. wide. The southern part, extending from about 51° to 55° N. Lat., is called James's Bay.

HUELVA, well-vå, a seaport t. of Spain, in Andalusia, the cap. of a prov. of the same name, is situated on a little bay projecting from the Atlantic. Lat. 37° 15′ N., Lon. 6° 49′ W. Pop. 8,000. (B.)

HUESCA, Wes/-cå, (Anc. Os/ca,) a t. of Spain, in Aragon, chiefly remarkable for its university. Lat. 42° 6′ N., Lon. 0° 19′ W. Pop. 9,200. (M.)

HULL, or KINGS-TON-UPON-HULL, an important seaport t. of England, in the E. Riding of Yorkshire, on the N. side of the estuary of the Humber, where it is joined by the r. Hull, 34 m. S. E. of York. This town communicates, by means of canals and railways, with York, Manchester, Liverpool, and all the other principal places of England. Its docks and basins are considered as among the finest in the kingdom. It is the great entrepôt of the commerce of the N. of England, and of that which this country carries on with the northern parts of Europe. The prosperity of this place has been greatly increased by the progress of steam navigation, of which it may be considered as the second great centre on the eastern coast. Hull forms a co. of itself, which contains an area of about 18 sq. m. Lat. 53° 45' N., Lon. 0° 20′ W. Pop. of the town, 41,629; of the co., exclusive of the town, 3,544. HULST, a small fortified t. of Holland, in Zealand. Lat. 51° 17′ N., Lon. 4° 3' E.

HUM-BER, a r. or estuary in the N. E. part of England, formed principally by the junction of the Ouse and the Trent. At its commencement, the Humber is rather more than a mile wide, but where it joins the sea it is above seven miles in breadth. Its whole length is near 40 m.