Fåte, får, fåll, fåt; mẻ, mět; pine or pine, pin; nỏ, nôt; ôõ as in good;

LANCASTER, a dist. on the N. border of S. C., E. of, and bordering on the Catawba r. Pop. 9,907. Seat of justice, Lancaster c. h.

LAN-CER-O-TA or LANZAROTE (Sp. pron. lån-tha-ro'-ta), one of the Canary Islands, intersected by the 29th parallel of N. Lat., and the meridian of 13° 40′ W. Lon. It is about 36 m. in length; its greatest breadth is about 12 m. Area, 32 sq. leagues. Pop. in 1835, 17,434. (P. C.)

LANCIANO, lån-che-a-no, an archiepiscopal t. of Naples, in the prov. of Abruzzo Citra, 6 m. from the Adriatic. Its manufactures and commerce were during the middle ages far more extensive than at present; but it is still regarded as the principal commercial place in all Abruzzo. Lat. 42° 14' N., Lon. 14° 24' E. Pop. 9,000. (B.)

LANDAFF. See LLANDAFF.

LAN-DAU or lån/-dou, a strong fortress of Germany, in the Bavarian territory of the Rhine, celebrated in history for having sustained several memorable sieges. Lat. 49° 12′ N., Lon. 8° 7′ E. Pop. 6,000. (B.) LANDES, lånd, a dep. in the S. W. part of France, bordering on the Bay of Biscay. Pop. 284,918. (B.) Capital, Mont-de-Marsan.

LAN-DRY, ST., a parish in the S. W. central part of La. Pop. 15,233. Seat of justice, Opelousas.

LANDS-BERG (Ger. pron. lånts/-beRG), a manufacturing and commercial t. of Brandenburg, Prussia, on the Warthe or War/-ta, a tributary of the Netze, 38 m. Ñ. E. of Frankfort on the Oder. Lat. 52° 44' N., Lon. 15° 14' E. Pop. 9,000. (B.)

LANDSCRONA, lånds/-kroo-nå, a strongly fortified t. of Sweden, in the prov.of Skåne (Skonen). Lat. 55° 52′ Ñ., Lon. 12° 51′ E. Pop. estimated at above 4,000. (P. C.)

LAND'S END, a promontory in Cornwall, remarkable as being the most westerly point of land in England. Lat. 50° 4' N., Lon. 5° 42′ W.

LANDSHUT, lands/-hoot, (Ger. pron. lånts/-hoot,) one of the prettiest and most agreeable towns in the kingdom of Bavaria, on the Iser, in the midst of a delightful country, 38 m. N. E. of Munich. Pop. 8,000. (B.) LANGELAND, lång/-è̟-lånd, an i. of Denmark, situated in the Baltic, between Laaland and Fünen, and intersected by the 55th parallel of N. Lat., and the meridian of 10° 50′ E. Lon. Its length is 32 m.; its average breadth only about 2 m. Area, 80 sq. m. Pop. about 17,000. (M.)

LANGENSALZA, lång/-ên-sålt/-så, a flourishing little t. of Prussia, cap. of a circle of the same name. Lat. 51° 7' N., Lon. 10° 38′ E. Pop. 6,000. (B.)

LANGHOLM, lang/-um, a little t. of Scotland, in Dumfries-shire, 55 m. S. by E. of Edinburgh.

LANGRES, långr, (Anc. Andematu/num, afterwards Lin'gones), the largest t., though not the cap., of the French dep. of Upper Marne, 18 m. S. S. E. of Chaumont. This place was one of great importance under the Romans. Many antique remains have been found here. It contains several institutions for education, and a public library of 30,000 vols. (P. C.) Lat. 47° 52′ N., Lon. 5° 20′ E. Pop. 6,191. (M.)

ou, as in our; th, as in thin; TH, as in this; N, nearly like ng.

LANGUEDOC, lång'-geh-dok', formerly an extensive prov. in the S.W. of France, now distributed among the deps. of Ardèche, Aude, Gard, Upper Garonne, Herault, Upper Loire, Lozère, and Tarn.

LAON, laN, a fortified t. of France, cap. of the dep. of Aisne, 78 m. N. E. of Paris, with a public library of 12,000 vols., besides other institutions. Lat. 49° 34′ N., Lon. 3° 37′ E. Pop. 7,826. (B.)

LAOS, la'-oce. The country of the Laos comprehends the central portion of Chin India, lying between 15 and 24 N. Lat., and 98° and 106 E. Lon. On the S. it borders on Siam and Cochin China, and W. on the Birman empire. Little is known with certainty respecting the interior of this country. The Laos seem to be the original stock of a nation which is widely dispersed over Farther India. They resemble the Siamese in the form of their bodies, in language, and in religion. Lantchang or Lant-Shang, the chief town, is said to be surrounded by a wall of stone, and to contain a garrison of 50,000 men, and a splendid court.

LAP-EER, a co. in the E. S. E. part of Mich. N. of Detroit. Pop. 4,263. Co. t. Lapeer.

LAP-LAND, the most northerly country of Europe, occupying the N. and N. E. parts of the Scandinavian peninsula, the N. part of the Russian prov. of Finland, and the N. W. portion of the gov. of Archangel. It is difficult to assign its limits, as they correspond with no natural or political boundaries. It appears that in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries all the country N. of 64° N. Lat., between the White Sea on the E., and the Norwegian Sea on the W., was entirely in the possession of the Laplanders or Lapps. The people who have given their name to this region constitute a distinct and remarkable variety of the human race; they are of very short stature, seldom exceeding in height five feet and two or three inches; their copper complexion is rather the result of habitual residence in smoky huts than the character of the race.-Inhab. LAP-LAND-ER and LAPP.

LA PORTE, lap-ort', a co. in the N. W. part of Ind., bordering on Michigan and Lake Michigan. Pop. 8,184.

LA PUEBLA, OF LA PUEBLA DE LOS ANGELES, lå pweb/-lå då loce ång/Hel-es, (i. e. "the habitation of the angels,) a large and beautiful city of Mexico, cap. of a state of the same name, in an elevated plain remarkable for its fertility and the salubrity of its climate. It contains many fine buildings, and is the seat of extensive manufactures. Lat. about 19° N., Lon. 98° W. Pop. 70,000. (B.) The state of LA PUEBLA borders that of Mexico on the E. Area 21,000 sq. m. Pop. 820,000.

LAR-IS-SA (Turk. Yenishehr, yen'-e-shaih'r', i. e. "New Town"), an archiepiscopal t. of European Turkey, on the Selembria (Anc. Peneus), which is here crossed by a bridge of 10 arches. It is believed to occupy the same site as the ancient Larissa. Lat. 39° 38' N., Lon. 22° 30′ E. Before the late war the pop. was estimated at 30,000. (B.) LARISTAN, lår-is-tån', a prov. in the S. part of Persia, bordering on the Persian Gulf. LAR, the cap. of the above, though greatly fallen

308

Fåte, får, fåll, fât; mẻ, met; pine or pine, pin; nỏ, nôt; õõ as in good;

from its former splendour, contains, it is said, above 15,000 inhabitants. (B.) Lat. about 27° 30' N., Lon. 54° E.

LAR-NI-KA, a seaport t. on the S. E. coast of the i. of Cyprus. Lat. 34° 54′ 30′′ N., Lon. 33° 41′ E. Pop. about 5,000. (B.)

LA SALLE, lah-sal', a co. in the northern part of Ill., intersected by the Illinois r. Pop. 9,348. Co. t. Ottawa.

LAS-SA or H'LASSA, a city of S. Asia, the cap. of Thibet, on a tributary of the Sanpoo (or Dzangbo), in an extensive and fertile plain, surrounded by lofty mountains. The great temple of Boodha, which is likewise the residence of the Dalai Lama, the pontifical sovereign of Thibet, stands in the W. part of the city, and consists of an extensive range of square-shaped buildings, crowned in the centre with a gilded dome. The permanent pop. of Lassa is said to have amounted, in the beginning of the last century, to 80,000. (B.) The floating pop. is always very great, owing to the multitudes of pilgrims, who come from the remotest parts of Asia to visit this sanctuary of Lamaism. about 29° 30′ N., Lon. 91° 40' E.

Lat.

LATAKIA, låt-a-keel-a, or LADIKIA, (Anc. Laodice'a,) a seaport t. of Syria, on the Mediterranean, about 90 m. S. W. of Aleppo. Here are the remains of an ancient triumphal arch, which is still almost entire, supposed to have been erected in honour of one of the early Roman emperors. Lat. 35° 30' N., Lon. 35° 48′ E. Pop. estimated at from 5,000 to 10,000. (M.)

name.

LAUBAN, lou-ban, a t. of Prussian Silesia, cap. of a circle of the same Lat. 51° 6' N., Lon. 15° 18′ E. Pop. 5,400. (B.) LAUENBURG, lou/-en-burg or lou'-en-boŎRG', or SAXE-LAUENBURG, a duchy in Germany, subject to the kings of Denmark, situated on the right side of the Elbe, between 53° 22′ and 53° 48′ N. Lat., and 10° Pop. 37,500. (P. C.) 13 and 11° 5' E. Lon. Area, 420 sq. m.

LAUENBURG, a t. in the above duchy, on the Elbe, 30 m. S. E. of Hamburg. Pop. about 3,000. (B.)

LAU-DER-DALE', a co. forming the N. W. extremity of Ala. Pop. 14,485. Co. t. Florence.

LAUDERDALE, a co. in the E. part of Miss., bordering on Ala. Pop. 5,258. Co. seat, Marion.

LAUDERDALE, a co. in the W. part of Tenn., bordering on the Mississippi. Pop. 3,435.

LAUNCESTON, låns/-tọn, a t. of England, in the co. of Cornwall, 20 m. N. N. W. of Plymouth. Pop. of the parish, 2,460.

LAU-REL, a Co. in the S. E. part of Ky., a little N. E. of the Cumber land r. Pop. 3,079. Co. t. London.

LAU-RENS, a dist. in the N.W. part of S. C., bordering on the Saluda r. Pop. 21,584. Seat of justice, Laurensville.

LAURENS, a co. in the S. E. central part of Ga., intersected by the Oconee. Pop. 5,585. Co. t. Dublin.

LAUSANNE, lo-zann', a city of Switzerland, cap. of the canton of Vaud 30 m. N. E. of Geneva, and about a mile and a half from the N. shore of L. Leman. Among the literary and scientific institutions of this

ou, as in our; th, as in thin; TH, as in this; N, nearly like ng.

place, we may mention the Academy, which might be termed a university, the Cantonal Library, with 33,000 vols., and a museum, containing collections in the various sciences. The penitentiary of Lausanne, established in 1822, is considered one of the finest in Europe. Lat. 46° 31' N., Lon. 6° 45′ E. Pop. about 12,000. (B.)

LAVAL, lå`-vål', a manufacturing and commercial t. of France, cap. of the dep. of Mayenne, is situated on the r. Mayenne, 150 m. W.S.W. of Paris. Lat. 48° 5' N., Lon. 0° 46′ W. Pop. 16,000. (B.)

LAVORO, TERRA DI, ter/-rå de lå-vo-ro, (literally, the "land of labour," but signifying, properly, good arable land, or that which is susceptible of being worked,) a prov. in the W. part of the kingdom of Naples, bordering on the dominions of the pope and the Mediterranean. LAW-RENCE, a Co. in the N. W. part of Ala., bordering on the Tennessee r. Pop. 13,313. Co. t. Moulton, mole/-ton.

LAWRENCE, a co. in the S. part of Miss., intersected by the Pearl r. Pop. 5,920. Co. seat, Monticello.

LAWRENCE, a co. in the N. part of Ark., bordering on Mo. Pop. 2,835. Co. t. Jackson.

LAWRENCE, a co. in the S. part of Tenn., bordering on Ala. Pop. 7,121. Co. t. Lawrenceburg.

LAWRENCE, a co. in the E. part of Ky., bordering on Sandy r. Pop. 4,730. Co. t. Louisa.

LAWRENCE, a co. occupying the S. extremity of Ohio. Pop. 13,719. Co. t. Burlington.

LAWRENCE, a co. in the S. part of Ind., intersected by the E. fork of the White r. Pop. 11,782. Co. t. Bedford.

LAWRENCE, a co. in the S. E. part of Ill., bordering on the Wabash. Pop. 7,092. Co. t. Lawrenceville.

LAWRENCE, ST., one of the largest rivers of N. America, which issues from L. Ontario, in about 44° 10' N. Lat., and 76° 30′ W. Lon., and, flowing north-easterly, falls into the Gulf of St. Lawrence, in about 49° 30′ N. Lat., and 64° W. Lon. Viewing this river in connexion with the great western lakes, of which it forms the outlet, it may be said to rise at the sources of the St. Louis, which flows into L. Superior. Receiving different names in different parts of its course, between L. Superior and Huron, it is called the St. Mary; between L, Huron and Erie, the St. Clair and Detroit; between L. Erie and Ontario, the Niagara; between L. Ontario and the sea, it takes the name of St. Lawrence. Its whole length, including the chain of lakes, is estimated at 2,200 m.

LAWRENCE, ST., a co. in the N. part of N. Y., bordering on the above river. Pop. 56,706. Co. t. Canton.

LAYBACH OF LAibach, li'-båk, (II!. Lublana, loob-lå'-nå; Anc. Æmona;) the cap. of the kingdom of Illyria, situated on a navigable river of the same name, which flows into the Save. It contains a lyceum, a gymnasium, and many other excellent public institutions. Lat. 46° 2' N., Lon. 14° 47' E. Pop. above 10,000. (B.)

Fåte, får, fåll, fât; mê, mit; pine or pine, pin; nỏ, nôt; õõ, as in good;

LEAKE, a co. in the centre part of Miss. Pop. 2,162. Co. seat, Carthage.

LEAMINGTON, lem/-ing-ton, a flourishing t. and watering-place of England, in Warwickshire, 2 m. E. of Warwick, and about 80 m. N.W. of London. The pop. of the parish in 1821 was only 2,183; in 1841 it amounted to 12,864. This extraordinary increase is to be ascribed to the growing celebrity of its mineral waters, and its many attractions as a place of fashionable resort.

LEB-A-NON, a co. in the S. E. part of Pa., E. of Harrisburg. Pop. 21,872. Co. t. Lebanon.

LECCE, let'-cha, a fortified t. of Naples, the cap. of the prov. Terra di Otranto, about 22 m. N. N. W. of Otranto. It is one of the bestbuilt and liveliest towns in the kingdom, with wide streets, a handsome market-place, several fine churches, a royal college, and about 14,000 inhabitants. (B.) Lat. 40° 21' N., Lon. 18° 10' E.

LEE, a co. forming the S. W. extremity of Va. Pop. 8,441. Co. t. Jonesville.

LEE, a co. in the S. W. part of Ga., intersected by the Flint r. Pop. 4,520. Co. t. Starkville.

LEE, a co. in the N. part of Ill., intersected by Rock r. Pop. 2,035. LEE, a co. forming the S. E. extremity of Iowa. Pop. 6,093. Co. t. Fort Madison.

LEEDS, a celebrated manufacturing and commercial t. of England, in the W. Riding of Yorkshire, on the Aire, at the termination of the Leeds and Liverpool Canal, 23 m. W. S. W. of York. Besides the water communication with Liverpool, already alluded to, Leeds is connected with this and most of the other important towns of England, by means of railways. This town is not only the principal seat of the woollen manufactures, but it is the great emporium of England for these articles. Leeds contains a philosophical and literary society, a public library founded by Priestly, besides other institutions. Lat. 53° 47 N., Lon. 1° 32′ W. Pop. of the township, 88,741; of the borough, 152,054.

LEEK, a manufacturing t. of England, in Staffordshire, 134 m. N.W. of London. Pop. of Leek and Lowe township, 7,233.

LEEUWARDEN, là-wåår/-dẹn, a t. of Holland, the cap. of the prov. of Friesland, situated 32 m. W. of Groningen, and intersected by numerous canals. Lat. 53° 12′ N., Lon. 5° 45′ E. Pop. estimated at above 17,000. (B.)

LEG-HORN or leg/-horn, (It. LI-VOR/-no; Fr. Livourne, le`-voorn',) a seaport t., the chief emporium of Italy, and one of the principal commercial places in Europe, situated in Tuscany, on the Mediterranean, 62 m. W. S. W. of Florence. It is a neat, and, for the most part, regularly-built city, with a well-fortified harbour. The N. part of Leghorn is called Venezia Nuova (vên-ed/-ze-å noo-o'-vå), or New Venice, on account of the numerous canals by which it is intersected, and by means of which, as in Venice, merchandise is conveyed to the very