Fåte, får, fåll, fåt; mẻ, mêt; pine or pine, pin; nỏ, nôt; ôõ as in good,

LONDONDERRY, lun`-don-dêr'-re, a co. in the N. of Ireland, prov. of Ulster, bordering on the sea. Pop. in 1831, 222,012. (P. C.)

LONDONDERRY, or simply DERRY, a commercial city of Ireland, the cap. of the above co., situated on the r. Foyle, about 5 m. above where it falls into Lough Foyle. Lat. 54° 59′ Ñ., Lon. 7° 19′ W. Pop. in 1831, 10,130. (P. C.)

LONG/-FORD, an inland co., near the centre of Ireland, prov. of Leinster. Pop. in 1831, 112,558. (P.C.)

LONGFORD, the cap. of the above co., situated on a tributary of the Shannon, 65 m. W. N. W. of Dublin. Pop. in 1831, 4,516. (P. C.) LONG ISLAND, an i. on the E. coast of the U. S., forming a part of the state of New York, situated between 40° 33′ and 41° 6′ Ñ. Lat., and 72° and 74° 2′ W. Lon. Its length is about 115 m.; its greatest breadth near 20 m. This i. is separated from the continent by Long Island Sound, which, near the city of New York, is but three-quarters of a mile wide, and is there called the East River, but, opposite to New Haven, its breadth is about 25 m.

LONS-LE-SAULNIER, lồn leh so`-ne-à', the cap. of the French dep. of Jura. Lat. 46° 39′ N., Lon. 5° 33′ E. Pop. 7,684. (B.)

Loo-CHOO (or Lieou-Khieou) ISLANDS, a group in the N. Pacific, E. of China, between 26° and 28° N. Lat., and 127° and 129° E. Lon. They are all small, with the exception of one called the Great Loochoo, which is about 70 m. in length, and from 12 to 15 m. in breadth. These islands are tributary to China.

LO-RAIN', a co. in the N. part of Ohio, bordering on L. Erie. Pop. 18,467. Co. t. Elyria.

LORCA, lOR/-kå, a t. of Spain, in the prov. of Murcia, with manufactures of saltpetre, woollen, and linen cloths, &c. Lat. 37° 42′ N., Lon. 1° 53′ W. Pop. stated at 40,366. (B.)

LO-RET-TO (It. Loreto, lo-ra/-to), a t. of Italy, in the Papal state, about 3 m. from the Adriatic, and 15 m. S. S. E. of Ancona, celebrated for its sanctuary of the Virgin Mary, called La Santa Casa, i. e. the "holy house," said to have been the dwelling of Mary at Nazareth, and to have been transported, by supernatural power, to Italy, after the Mahometans had taken possession of Palestine, in the 13th century. The town is annually visited by numerous pilgrims. Lat. 43° 27′ N., Lon. 13° 36′ E. Pop. about 8,000. (B.)

L'ORIENT, lo'-re`-ån', or LORIENT, a seaport t. and fortress of France, in the dep. of Morbihan, situated at the head of the Bay of Port Louis. L'Orient is well built, with wide and well-paved streets, and may be ranked among the handsomest towns of France. Its commerce, though much less than formerly, is still considerable; and it is the seat of several literary and scientific institutions, among which there are, a school for the special instruction of students destined for the navy; and an observatory. Lat. 47° 45′ N., Lon. 3° 21′ W. Pop. 18,000. (B.)

LOR-RAINE, one of the largest of the former provinces of France, situated in the N. E. part of that kingdom, a small portion of which

ou, as in our; th, as in thin; TH, as in this; N, nearly like ng. was ceded to Prussia in 1815; the remainder constitutes the departments of Meurthe, Meuse, Moselle, and Vosges.

LOST-WITH-IEL or LEST-WITH-IEL, a small t. of England, in Cornwall, on the Fowey. Lat. 50° 24' N., Lon. 4° 39′ W.

Lor, lot, a r. in the S. W. part of France, which flows into the Garonne. Its length is about 220 m., for 70 m. of which it is navigable. LOT, a dep. of France, intersected by the above r. Pop. 287,003. (B.) Capital, Cahors.

LOT AND GARONNE (Fr. Lot-et-Garonne, lot à går'-onn'), a dep. in the S. W. of France, on the rivers from which it takes its name. Pop. 346,000. (B.) Capital, Agen.

LOTHIAN, lo-Tнe-an, an extensive and fertile district of Scotland, lying along the S. side of the Frith of Forth, divided into the counties of East Lothian or Haddington, Mid-Lothian or Edinburgh, and West Lothian or Linlithgow. (See HADDINGTONSHIRE, EDINBURGHSHIRE, and LINLITHGOWSHIRE.)

LOU-DON, a co. in the N. E. part of Va., bordering on the Potomac. Pop. 20,431. Co. t. Leesburg.

LOUGHBOROUGH, luff/-bur-reh, a manufacturing t. in the central part of England, in Leicestershire, on a canal which communicates with Nottingham and Leicestershire, 10 m. N. by W. of the latter town. Pop. of the entire parish, 10,170.

LOUGHREA, loн-rà, a t. of Ireland, in the co. of Galway, on a small lake of the same name. Lat. 53° 12′ N., Lon. 8° 35′ W. Pop. in 1831, 4,007. (M.)

LOUIS, ST., sent loo'-is, or loo'-e, the principal t. of Mo., seat of justice of a co. of the same name, and formerly cap. of the state, situated on the W. bank of the Mississippi, about 18 m. below the mouth of the Missouri. The position of this town, on one of the largest rivers in the world, near its union with the Missouri and Illinois, and in the centre of the most extensive system of internal navigation in America, is in the highest degree favourable to its commercial prosperity; and, in all probability, it is destined to become, in a few years, one of the greatest emporiumns on the New Continent. The growth of St. Louis has been astonishingly rapid: in 1816, the pop. was only about 2,000; in 1830, it was 5,852; and in 1840 it amounted to 16,469. This place is the seat of a Roman Catholic college, called the University of St. Louis, founded in 1829. Lat. 38° 36′ N., Lon. 89° 36′ W. The co. of St. Louis has a pop. of 35,979.

LOUIS, SAINT, (Fr. pron. sân loo`-ce',) a t. of W. Africa, the cap. of the French possessions in Senegambia, on an island of the same name, in the Senegal, near its mouth. Lat. about 16° N., Lon. 16° 30′ W. Pop. near 6,000. (B.)

LOUISA, loo-eel-za, a co. in the E. central part of Va., N.W. of Richmond. Pop. 15,433. Seat of justice, Louisa c. h.

LOUISA, a co. in the S. E. part of Iowa, bordering on the Mississippi r. Pop. 1,927

LOUISIANA, loo`-e-ze-an'-a, one of the U. S., forming the S. W. ex

Fåte, får, fåll, fât; mẻ, mit; pine or pine, pin; nò, nôt; õõ as in good; tremity of the Union, situated between 29° and 33° N. Lat., and 88° 50 and 94° 20′ W. Lon., bounded on the N. by Arkansas and Mississippi, E. by Mississippi and the Gulf of Mexico, S. by the Gulf of Mexico, and W. by Texas, and divided into 39 parishes.* Length, from, E. to W., about 290 m.; breadth, from N. to S., 230. Area, estimated at 48,500 sq. m. Pop. 352,411, of whom 158,457 are whites, 25,502 free coloured, and 168,452 slaves. New Orleans is the capital. Louisiana, which originally comprehended, besides the present state, all the territory N. of Texas between the Mississippi and the Rocky Mountains, was ceded by the French to the United States, in 1803. The state was admitted into the Union in 1812.

LOUISVILLE, loo-is-vill', a city of Ky., cap. of Jefferson co., on the S. bank of the Ohio. It is the largest town in the state, and, one of the most flourishing in all the western states. A little above the city, the Beargrass Creek falls into the Ohio, affording a harbour for steamboats and river craft. The Lexington and Ohio Railroad, when finished, will connect Louisville with Lexington. The Louisville and Portland Canal, passing round the falls of the Ohio, is one of the most important works in the country. It is about 2 m. long, and sufficiently wide and deep to admit the largest class of steamers. There are four locks, constructed in the most durable manner, with a total lockage of 22 ft. Louisville, besides being one of the most important commercial places in the western country, is the seat of several extensive manufactures. Lat. 38° 3′ N., Lon. 85° 30′ W. Pop. 21,210.

LOUTH, louTн, a co. in the E. N. E. part of Ireland, prov. of Leinster, bordering on the sea. Pop. in 1831, 107,481. (P. C.)

LOUTH, a t. of England, in Lincolnshire, 127 m. N. of London. Pop. of the parish, with an area of 5 sq. m., 8.848.

LOUVAIN, loo-vane', (Fr. pron. loo'-vån', Flem. Leu/-ven,) a t. of Belgium, prov. of Brabant, on the Dyle and on the railway between Brussels and Liege. Its pop. in the 14th century is said to have amounted to near 200,000, though it does not now exceed 26,000. (B.) Louvain is the seat of a celebrated and flourishing university, founded in 1426, and attended by about 500 students. Lat. 50° 53' N., Lon. 4° 42' E.

LOUVIERS, loo'-ve-å, formerly LOVIERS, a t. of France, in the dep. of Eure, on the r. Eure, 17m. S. by E. of Rouen. Its manufactures of woollen cloths and kerseymeres, first introduced in 1681, are the most important of the kind in the kingdom. There are in all upwards of 40 factories. Lat. 49° 12′ N., Lon. 1° 9′ E. Pop. 10,000. (B.)

Low-ELL, a flourishing t. of Mass., in the county of Middlesex, on

* Ascension, Assumption, Avoyelles, Baton Rouge, East, Baton Rogue, West, Bernard, St., Caddo, Calcasieu, Caldwell, Carroll, Catahaula, Charles, St., Claiborne, Concordia, Feliciana, East, Feliciana, West, Helena, St., Iberville, James, St., Jefferson, John Baptist, St., Lafayette, Lafourche Interior, Landry, St., Liv. ingston, Madison, Martin's, St., Mary's, St., Natchitoches, Orleans, Plaquemines, Point Coupee, Rapides, Tammany, St., Tensas, Terre Bonne, Union, Washington, Washita.

ou, as in our; th, as in thin; TH, as in this; N, nearly like ng. the Merrimack, at the influx of the Concord r., about 23 m., in a straight line, N. N. W. of Boston, remarkable for its extensive cotton manufactures. The site on which the town stands had in 1820 only about 100 inhabitants; in 1822 the first cotton-mill was erected; in 1830 the pop. amounted to 6,474; and in 1840 to 20,796! Lowell is situated on the railroad which connects Boston with Concord, in New Hampshire. Lat. 42° 39' N., Lon. 71° 19′ W.

LOWNDES, lounz, a co. in the S. of Ga., bordering on Florida. Pop. 5,574. Co. t. Franklinville.

LOWNDES, a co. in the S. central part of Ala., bordering on the Alabama r. Pop. 19,539. Co. t. Haynesville.

LOWNDES, a co. in the E. part of Miss., bordering on Ala. Pop. 14,513. Co. seat, Columbus.

Lowositz, lol-vo-sits, a village of Bohemia, near Leitmeritz, remarkable as the scene of an important victory gained by Frederic the Great over the Austrians, in 1756.

LOXA. See LOJA.

LOZÈRE, lo`-zare', a dep. in the S. of France, intersected by the r. Lot, near its source. Pop. 141,733. (B.) Capital, Mende.

LU-BECK, an important commercial city of Germany, formerly the head of the Hanseatic League, and still the cap. of the free Hanseatic cities of the Germanic confederation, is situated on the Trave (trả/-vẹh), 36 m. N. E. of Hamburg. This town, with its territory, containing an area of about 117 sq. m., constitutes an independent republic, which is a member of the Germanic confederation. Among the edifices of Lübeck, the Senate-House (Rathhaus, rååt/-house), in which the Hanscatic deputies formerly met, deserves especially to be mentioned. Lat. 53° 51' N., Lon. 10° 41' E. Pop. of the town, about 26,000; total pop. of the republic, 46,000. (B.)

LUBLIN, loob-lin, a t. of Russian Poland, the cap. of a palatinate of the same name, 97 m. S. E. of Warsaw; it contains several respectable literary and scientific institutions. Lat. 51° 16' N., Lon. 22° 36′ E. Pop. 12,500. (P. C.)

Lu-cas, a co. in the N. W. part of Ohio, bordering on Mich. and L. Erie. Pop. 9,382. Co. t. Toledo.

Luc-CA (It. pron. look/-kå), DUCHY OF, a small state of Italy, N. of Tuscany, and bordering on the Mediterranean. It is intersected by the 44th parallel of N. Lat., and the meridian of 10° 30′ E. Lon. Area about 416 sq. m.

LUCCA (Anc. Lu'ca), an archiepiscopal t. of Italy, the cap. of the above duchy, situated in a rich plain, near the r. Serchio (ser/-ke-o) about 12 m. from the sea. This town holds an important place in the history of modern Italy, and was at one time, with Pisa, the head of the Ghibeline party. Lucca contains a lyceum, which may be regarded as a university in the ducal palace there is a gallery of valuable paintings; also a library of 25,000 vols. The female seminary of this place is said to be one of the very best institutions of the kind. Lat. 43° 51′ N., Lon.

Fåte, får, fåll, fåt; mẻ, mêt; pine or pine, pin; nò, nôt; Ŏõ, as in good; 10° 31' E. Pop. estimated at 22,000. (B.)—Adj. and inhab. LUCCHESE, luk-kezel.

LU-CE-NA (Sp. pron. loo-thà/-nå), a t. of Spain, in Andalusia. Lat. 37° 28′ N., Lon. 4° 28′ W. Pop. said to be 19,716. (M.)

LUCERA, loo-cha'-rå, (Anc. Luce/ria,) a t. of Naples, in the prov. of Capitanata. Lat. 41° 29' N., Lon. 15° 16' E. Pop. 8,000. (B.)

LU-CERNE (Fr. pron. lü`-sern'; Ger. Luzern, loot-seRn'); a canton in the N. central part of Switzerland. Area estimated at 657 sq. m. Pop. in 1836, 123,407. (P. C.)

LUCERNE, the cap. of the above, is situated at the W. extremity of the L. of Lucerne, on both sides of the Reuss, which forms its outlet. The town is surrounded by old walls, flanked with towers. Lucerne contains a lyceum, a gymnasium, and numerous other institutions. One of the most remarkable things at this place is the topographic map, in relief, constructed by Gen. Pfyffer. This extraordinary work is 22 ft. long and 13 wide, and represents an extent of 180 sq. leagues, of which the L. of Lucerne forms the centre. The materials are pasteboard, wax, and resin. Gen. Pfyffer is said to have spent more than 10 years in making this topographical model. In the vicinity of Lucerne ( is the monument erected in 1821 to the memory of the Swiss Guards who died in defence of the Tuileries against the mob of Paris, on the 10th of August, 1792. It is the image of a wounded and dying lion of colossal size, sculptured in the side of a rock. Lat. 47° 3' N., Lon. 8° 18' E. Pop. 8,150. (P. C.)

LUCERNE, LAKE OF (Ger. Waldstätter See, wålt/-stet-ter så), situated nearly in the centre of Switzerland, is one of the most picturesque pieces of water in Europe. It is nearly cruciform, with an addition to its E. end, called the L. of Uri. Its entire length is about 25 m., but the breadth of any of its arms is seldom more than 2 or 3 m. The surface is 1,380 ft. above the level of the sea. The greatest depth is stated to be near 900 ft.

LUCIA lu/-she-a, ST., one of the British W. India Islands, intersected by the 14th parallel of N. Lat., and the 61st meridian of W. Lon. It is above 30 m. in length, and about 17 in its greatest breadth, and contains an area of about 350 sq. m. Pop. in 1836, 16,116. (P. C.)

LUCK-NOW', a large t. of Hindostan, since 1775 the cap. of Oude, is situated on the Goomty r. It consists of three distinct portions: the ancient, and much the largest part of the city is badly built, with dirty and narrow streets; another quarter, which contains the residences of the king and of the royal family, is comparatively new, and the houses are constructed and furnished after the English fashion; the remaining portion of the town is built in the oriental style, and has many fine houses and religious edifices. Lat. 26° 51' N., Lon. 80° 50′ E. Pop. estimated at above 300,000. (B.)

LUD-LOW, a t. of England, in Shropshire, 24 m. S. of Shrewsbury, and 126 m. W. S. W. of London. Pop. 5,064.

LUDWIGSBURG, lood/-wigs-burg' or lood/-Wigs-bŎõrg, a handsome t of Germany, in Würtemberg, the cap. of the circle of the Neckar, with