Fate, får, fåll, fåât; mẻ, mit; pine or pine, pin; nô, nôt; õõ as in good; traordinary man, after conquering a great part of the island, commenced the difficult but glorious enterprise of introducing into his empire the civilization and arts of Europe. He received and protected the missionaries, and promoted the establishment of schools, which, at the time of his death, had increased to more than 100, and in which nearly 5,000 children were taught. Several young persons were sent to Mauritius, and even to England, to receive instruction. Through the intercession of the English, Radama also abolished the slave trade in his dominions. He was on the point of seeing his vast projects crowned with the most brilliant success, when his queen, a second Clytemnestra, caused him to be poisoned in July, 1828. She. with her infamous accomplice, succeeded to the throne; and it is not improbable that this great kingdom will, ere long, be resolved into its original elements, if, indeed, this has not already taken place. Since the death of Radama, Europeans have had but little if any intercourse with Madagascar, so that nothing certain is known respecting the present condition of the island.-Adj.and inhab. MAD-E-CASSE OF MAL-GASH'(Malegache). MADDALONI, måd-då-lo'-ne, a t. of Naples, in the prov. of Terra-diLavoro, with a royal college, 14 m. N. N. E. of Naples. Pop. 10,000. (P. C.)

MADEIRA, mad-ee/-ra, (Port. pron. må-dà/e-rå,) an i. in the N. Atlantic, between 32° 36′ and 32° 53′ N. Lat., and 16° 40′ and 17° 20′ W. Lon. It is about 37 m. in length, and 15 m. in its greatest breadth. Area computed at above 300 sq. m. Pop. estimated at 80,000. (P. C.) This island is a mass of basaltic rock; of which the highest part is 5,450 ft. above the sea, and is covered with vegetation to its summit. The cliffs on all sides are very lofty; one on the N. coast is above 1,000 ft. in height. The mountain scenery in the interior is bold and highly romantic. Every part of the island not encumbered with rocks is extremely fertile. The climate of Madeira is perhaps more equable and mild than that of any other country, not within the tropics. The thermometer seldom falls below 53° in the severest weather, while the mean temperature of the summer is between 73 and 74°; that of winter is about 63°. The place is considered very healthy, and is much resorted to by invalids, particularly those suffering from pulmonary affections. Funchal is the capital.

MADEIRA, a r. of S. America, the largest affluent of the Amazon, into which it falls in about 3° 20′ S. Lat., and 58° 30′ W. Lon.

MAD-IS-ON, a co. in the central part of N. Y., bordering on the Oneida L. Pop. 40,008. Co. t. Morrisville.

MADISON, & co. in the N. E. central part of Va., a little S. E. of the Shenandoah r. Pop. 8,107. Co. t. Madison.

MADISON, a co. in the N. E. part of Ga., bordering on Broad r., a branch of the Savannah. Pop. 4,510. Co. t. Danielsville.

MADISON, a co. in the N. part of Florida, bordering on Ga. and the Gulf of Mexico. Pop. 2,644. Co. t. Madison.

MADISON, a co. in the N. part of Ala., bordering on Tenn. Pop. 25,706. Co. t. Huntsville.

ou, as in our; th, as in thin; TH, as in this; N, nearly like ng.

MADISON, a co. in the W. central part of Miss., between the Big Black and Pearl rivers. Pop. 15,530. Co. seat, Canton.

MADISON, a co. near the N. W. extremity of Ark., bordering on Mo Pop. 2,775. Co. t. Sevierville.

MADISON, a co. in the W. part of Tenn., midway between the Mississippi and Tennessee rivers. Pop. 16,530. Co. t. Jackson.

MADISON, a co. in the E. central part of Ky., S. of, and bordering on the Kentucky r. Pop. 16,355. Co. t. Richmond.

MADISON, a co. in the S. W. central part of Ohio, W. of Columbus. Pop. 9,025. Co. t. London.

MADISON, a co. in the E. central part of Ind., intersected by the White r. Pop. 8,874. Co. t. Andersontown.

MADISON, a co. in the south-westerly part of Ill., bordering on the - Mississippi r. Pop. 14,433. Co. t. Edwardsville.

MADISON, a co. in the S. E. part of Mo., on the St. Francis r., near its source. Pop. 3,395. Co. t. Fredericktown.

MADISON, a city of Ind., cap. of Jefferson co., on the Ohio, 85 m., in a straight line, S. S. E. of Indianapolis. Pop. 3,798.

MAD-RAS' or FORT ST. GEORGE, the cap. of Southern India, situated on the Coromandel Coast. The position of this town is very unfavourable to maritime commerce, on account of the rapid current which runs along the coast, and the dangerous surf which beats against the shore. Fort St. George was founded by the English in 1639; it was soon after surrounded by a town, which has since become very populous. The number of inhabitants, in 1822, amounted to 462,000, of whom nearly all are natives. The Observatory is in 13° 4' 9" N. Lat., and 80° 15' 56" E. Lon. Madras also gives its name to the most southerly of the three presidencies into which the British empire in India is divided, comprehending the whole of Hindostan, S. of the r. Krishna, besides some other districts.

MAD-RID (Sp. pron. måD-Reed', almost måтH-ReeтH'), the cap. of Spain, is situated nearly in the centre of the Spanish peninsula, in a sterile plain surrounded by mountains, at an elevation of more than 2,000 ft. above the level of the sea. It is enclosed by a brick wall 20 ft. high, with 15 gates, which are mostly built of coarse gray granite. Owing to the sterility of the surrounding country, and the total absence of good houses and pleasure-gardens in the neighbourhood, the exterior view of the town is any thing but inviting. The interior, however, is not devoid of beauty. The houses are well constructed, and the principal streets are, with few exceptions, wide and handsome. Among the remarkable edifices of Madrid, we may notice the new palace of the king, which is perhaps the finest royal residence in Europe. It has four fronts, 470 ft. in length and 100 ft. high; and its interior is decorated in a style of costly magnificence. The Spanish capital contains a great number of literary and scientific establishments, but they are said, not generally to have kept pace with the march of improvement in other parts of Europe. There are, however, several institutions which enjoy a high reputation; among which we may cite the Spanish

Fåte, får, fåll, fåt; mě, mět; plne or pine, pin; nỏ, nôt; oo as in good; Academy (La Academia de la Lengua, i. e. “the Academy of the Language"), founded in 1724, in imitation of the French Academy, and intended to be, like that body, the supreme tribunal in matters of literature: the Museum of Natural History, in which public lectures are given on various sciences, including mathematics, and which contains a splendid collection of minerals from the Spanish dominions in America, besides specimens in the other departments of natural history. There are two extensive libraries open to the public; one founded by Philip V., in 1712, which contains 150,000 vols., besides a very large collection of manuscripts, and a museum of medals and antiquities. Lat. 40° 25′ N., Lon. 3° 42′ W. Pop. in 1825, estimated at 201,000. (B.) -Adj. and inhab. MAD`-RI-LE-NI-AN (Borrow)—Spanish, MADRILEÑO, måd-re-lane/-yo.

MADURA. See JAVA.

MAELAREN. See MÄLAREN.

MAELSTRÖM. See LOFFoden.
MAESE. See MEUSE.

MAESTRICHT or MAASTRICHT, mås/-trikt, (Anc. Trajec/tum ad Mo'sam,*) a strongly fortified t. of Holland, cap. of the Dutch part of the prov. of Limburg, on the Meuse or Maas, 14 m. N. by E. of Liege. the vicinity is the mountain of St. Peter (Petersberg), remarkable for its immense stone quarries, which extend over a tract of 12 leagues in circumference, traversed, it is said, by 20,000 passages, which cross each other in all directions, forming such an intricate labyrinth that it is dangerous to enter it without an experienced guide. The inhabitants of the surrounding country, it is said, have found, in time of war, a safe refuge in this quarry, both for themselves and their cattle. Some parts of this mountain are supposed to have been worked 2,000 years ago. Lat. of the town, 50° 51′ N., Lon. 5° 41′ E. Pop. 22,000. (P. C.)

MAG-A-DOX-A or MAG-A-DOX-O (Port. pron. måg-å-do-sho: called by the inhabitants Måk`-å-joo), a t. on the E. coast of Africa, cap. of a kingdom of the same name, of which very little is known to Europeans. Lat. about 2° N., Lon. 45° 20′ E.

MAG-DA-LE-NA (Sp. pron. måg-då-lå/-nå), the principal r. of New Granada, in S. America. It rises in the little lake Papas (på-pås), among the Andes, in about 1° 50′ N. Lat. and 76° 30′ W. Lon., and, flowing northerly, empties itself into the Caribbean Sea, in about 11° 10′ N. Lat. and 74° 45′ W. Lon. Its entire length is estimated at above 800 m. It is navigable as far as Honda, more than 500 m.

MAG-DE-BURG (Ger. pron. måo'-deh-boŎRG`), a city of Germany, cap. of the prov. of Prussian Saxony and of a gov. of its own name, on the Elbe, 74 m. S. W. of Berlin. This place is very strongly fortified, and is one of the most important bulwarks of the Prussian monarchy. It

Maestricht is supposed to be a corruption of Mosa Trajectum, i. e. the "bridge or passage of the Meuse," there having been a bridge over the river, at this place, in very early times.

339

ou, as in our; th, as in thin; тH, as in this; N, nearly like ng. is also the centre of an active commerce, and possesses various and extensive manufactures. Among the buildings we may mention the Cathedral, remarkable for its size; it has two steeples, 350 ft. in height, and one of the largest bells in Europe. The literary and scientific institutions, as well as the charitable establishments of this town, are numerous and well conducted. Lat. 52° 8' N., Lon. 11° 39′ E. Pop. 50,000. (P. C.)

MAGELLAN, maj-el-lan,* (Sp. pron. må-Hêl-yån',) STRAIT OF, at the S. extremity of S. America, between Patagonia and Terra del Fuego. Its whole length, following its windings, is more than 300 m. It was discovered in 1520, by the great Portuguese navigator, Magalhaens (måg-ål-yal-ens), then in the service of Spain, and called, in honour of him, the Strait of Magalhaens. The Spaniards changed the name to Magellan, which, in their language, expresses a sound not very different from that of the Portuguese Magalhaens.

MAGGIORE, LAGO, lå'-go måj-jo'-rà, or the "large lake," (Anc. La/cus Verba/nus; Ger. Langensee, lång/-en-s, or "long lake,") next to Garda the largest lake in Italy, lying partly between Piedmont and Lombardy, and partly in the Swiss canton of Tessin or Ticino. It is intersected by the 46th parallel of N. Lat. and the meridian of 8° 40' E. Lon.; having a length of above 40 m., with a breadth varying from 1 to 6 m. Its surface is 578 ft. above the level of the sea; its greatest depth is stated by McCulloch to be not less than 300 fathoms!

MAGINDANAO. See MINDANAO.

MAGNESIA. See MANISSA.

MAHANUDDY, måh`-ha-nud'-de, a r. of Hindostan, which rises in about 21° 30′ N. Lat. and 81° E. Lon., and, flowing easterly, enters the Bay of Bengal, by several mouths, in about 20° 10' N. Lat., after a course of more than 500 m.

MAHON, må-hone' or må-one, or PORT MAHON, a seaport t. near the E. S. E. extremity of the island of Minorca, remarkable for possessing one of the finest and safest harbours in the world. Lat. 39° 51' N., Lon. 4° 18′ E. Pop. unknown.†

MAID-STONE, a t. of England, in Kent, 31 m. E. S. E. of London. Pop. of the borough, including an area of near 7 sq. m.,

18,086.

MAIN OF MAYN, mine, a r. of Germany, which rises in the northern part of Bavaria, and after a very circuitous course, falls into the Rhine, nearly opposite to Mentz. The whole length is about 230 m. Though

"From cold Estotiland and south as far

Beneath MAGELLAN."-MILTON's Paradise Lost, Book X.

"Gliding through MAGELLAN's straits,

Where two oceans ope their gates,

What a spectacle awaits!"

MONTGOMERY'S Voyage round the World.

+ McCulloch states the population of Port Mahon at about 19,000, but this is evidently a mistake. The P. C. gives 19,000 for the population of the district or termino of Mahon; that of the whole island is only about 35,000.

Fåte, får, fåll, fåt; mê, mêt; plne or pine, pin; no, not; õõ as in good, shallow, it is of nearly uniform depth, and navigable throughout seveneighths of its course.

MAINE, mane, one of the former provinces of France, now chiefly distributed among the departments of Sarthe, Mayenne, and Orne.

MAINE, one of the U. S., situated between 43° 4′ and 47° 30' N. Lat., and 66° 50′ and 71° W. Lon.; bounded on the E. by New Brunswick, N. and W. by Canada and New Hampshire, and S. by the Atlantic; and divided into 13 counties.* Extreme length, according to the boundary established in 1842, about 320 m.; greatest breadth, from E. to W., about 200 m. The area is estimated at 32,000 sq. m.; according to the former boundary it is supposed to have exceeded 35,000 sq. m. Pop. 501,793. Augusta is the capital. Maine originally formed a part of the territory of Massachusetts: it was separated, and became an independent state in 1820.

MAINE AND LOIRE (Fr. Maine-et-Loire, mane à lwår), a dep. in the W. part of France, on the rivers Mayenne and Loire. Pop. 477,270. (B.) Capital, Angers.

MAIN-LAND, the largest and most southerly of the Shetland Islands, is about 52 m. in length, and 20 in its greatest breadth. The form is very irregular, and the island, for the most part, craggy, mountainous, and barren.

MAJ-OR-CA (SP. Mallorca, mål-yor/-cå), the largest of the Balearic Isles, situated in the Mediterranean, between 39° 15′ and 40° N. Lat., and 2° 23' and 3° 32′ E. Lon. It is about 60 m. long, measuring nearly E. and W.; its greatest breadth, from N. to S., is 47 m. Majorca belongs to Spain, from the nearest part of which it is distant nearly 110 m. This island is very fertile, though the general surface of the country is hilly. Pop. about 140,000. (P.C.) The climate is described as being exceedingly mild and delightful. Palma is the capital, and the largest town on the island. Majorca and Minorca were anciently named Gymnesiæ; while the epithet of Major, or "the larger," was given the former, and that of Minor, or "the smaller," to the latter island.-Adj. and inhab. MAJ-OR-CAN or MALLORQUINE, mal`-lor-keen'; (Sp. Mallorquin, mål-yor-keen/.)

MAL-A-BAR', a name usually applied to the whole W. coast of Hin dostan, from Cape Comorin to Bombay; but, strictly speaking, it denotes only that dist. or prov., with the adjoining coast, in which the Malabaric language is spoken, which does not extend beyond 12° 30′ N. Lat. -Adj. MAL-A-BAR-IC.

MA-LAC-CA a t. of S. Asia, the cap. of a small colony of the same name, belonging to Great Britain, is situated on the W. coast of the Malay peninsula. It was formerly a place of considerable importance, but since the foundation of Singapore, in 1819, it has sunk into comparative insignificance. Lat. 2° 10′ N., Lon. 102° 5' E. Pop. in 1822, 12,000. (P. C.)

Aroostook, Cumberland, Franklin, Hancock, Kennebec, Lincoln, Oxford, Pe. nobscot, Piscataquis, Somerset, Waldo, Washington, York.