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MALACCA, STRAIT OF, is situated between the Malay peninsula and the island of Sumatra. Its breadth in some places is less than 30 m.; its whole length is about 600 m.

MAL-A-GA or mål/-å-gå (Anc. Mal/aca), the principal seaport of the Spanish prov. of Granada, situated on a bay in the Mediterranean, with a fine harbour. From the earliest ages, under all the nations who have possessed it, this place has been renowned for its commerce; and at present it is the only flourishing city in Andalusia. (P. C.) Lat. 36° 43 N., Lon. 4° 25′ W. Pop. stated at 52,000. (B.)

MALAISIA, mal-a/-she-a, (Fr. Malaisie, må`-la-ze',) or the MALAY ARCHIPELAGO, called also the INDIAN, and sometimes the EASTERN ARCHIPELAGO, the most western and most important of the three great divisions of Oceanica, is situated between 12° S. and 21° N. Lat., and 95° and 133° E. Lon. It comprehends the Philippine and Molucca groups, the large islands of Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Celebes, and a multitude of smaller islands. The line which separates Malaisia from Polynesia, runs W. of Papua and E. of Gilolo, Mysol, and Ceram. (See OCEANICA.) Malaisia derives its name from the circumstance that the inhabitants, for the most part, belong to the great Malay race.--Adj. MALAISIAN, mal-a/-she-an.

MÄLAREN, mål-lar-ẹn, a lake of Sweden, about 70 m. in length, which communicates with the Baltic at Stockholm.

MALAY PENINSULA, called also the PENINSULA OF MALACCA or MALAYA (mal-a/-ya), a long and narrow territory in Chin India, forming the most southern part of the continent of Asia, situated between 1° 15' and about 12° Ñ. Lat., and 98° and 104° 20′ E. Lon. It is about 800 m. long, with a breadth varying from 50 to above 180 m. Area estimated at 80,000 sq. m. The soil appears to be, in general, not distinguished for fertility; but the mineral wealth of this region is remarkable. Gold is found in all the rivers, and is also obtained from mines in quantities sufficient to justify the name of Chersonesus Aurea, or the "golden peninsula," which the ancients gave to this country. Tin is also found in abundance. The inhabitants of the peninsula are Siamese and Malays; the former occupy that portion which is N. of the 5th or 6th degree of N. Lat., and the Malays the remainder.—Adj. MAL-AY!AN and MAL-AY'; inhab. MALAY.

The MALAYS, according to Blumenbach, constitute the fourth grand division of the human race. In form they are short and robust. The medium height of the men may be 5 ft. 2 inches; that of the women 4 ft. 11 inches. The face is round, the mouth wide, and the teeth, in general, remarkably fine. These people have great mental activity, and eagerly apply themselves to commerce and navigation. (P. C.) Some of them appear to have made considerable advancement in civilization, and to be well acquainted with agriculture and the mechanic arts. They have also made some progress in medicine and in music. The Malays are spread not only over the islands of the Malay Archipelago, Madagascar, and the southern part of the Asiatic continent, but appear also to be found even in the remotest parts of Polynesia.

Fåte, får, fåll, fåt; mẻ, met; pine or pine, pin; nỏ, nôt; õõ, as in good;

MAL-DIVES OF MAL-DIVE Islands (called by the natives Mal-e-deelva, from Malé, the principal island, and deeva, a word signifying "island"), a chain of small islands in the Indian Ocean, extending from about 1° S. to 7 N. Lat., and situated between 72° 30′ and 74° E. Lon. The whole number is near 700. Total pop. stated at 19,000. MAL-LOW, a t. of Ireland, in the co. of Cork, 18 m. N. by W. of Cork. Pop. in 1831, 7,099. (M.)

MALMÖ, mål-mö, a fortified seaport t. of Sweden, in the prov. of Skåne, the cap. of the dist. of Malmöhus (mall-mö-hooce), situated on the sound nearly opposite to Copenhagen. Lat. 55° 37′ N., Lon. 13° 1' E. Pop. 8,000. (B.)

MALO, SAINT, Sân má-lo, a fortified and walled t. of France, in the Ille and Vilaine, situated on the Channel (La Manche), with a harbour large and safe, but difficult of access, on account of the narrowness of its entrance, and of the rocks and shoals which obstruct it. The tide here is said to be higher than in any other part of the European coast. St. Malo has an active commerce and considerable manufactures. Lat. 48° 39′ N., Lon. 2° 1' W. Pop. 10,000. (B.)

MAL-TA (Anc. Melita), an i. in the Mediterranean, belonging to the English, about 55 m. S. from the nearest part of Sicily, and intersected by the parallel of 35° 50′ N. Lat., and the meridian of 14° 30' E. Lon. It is about 17 m. in length, and 9 in its greatest breadth. Pop. in 1837, 104,521. (P. C.) Valetta is the capital.--Adj. and inhab. MÅL

TESE.

MAL-WAH, a prov. of Hindostan, on the r. Nerbuddah, situated principally between 22° and 26° N. Lat., and 74° and 80° E. Lon.

MAN, ISLE OF (Anc. Mo'na, Mona'pia, and Monæ'da), a small i. belonging to Great Britain, in the Irish Sea, about 28 m. from the nearest part of Cumberland. Length, 35 m.; greatest breadth about 13 m. Pop. 47,975.-Adj. MANX.

MAN-AAR', GULF OF, is situated between the Island of Ceylon and the S. extremity of Hindostan.

MANCHA, LA, lå mån/-chå, a prov. of Spain, in the S. part of New Castile, bordering on Andalusia.-Adj. and inhab. MAN-CHE-GAN; (Sp. Manchego, mån-cha-go.)

MANCHE, månsh, a dep. in the N. W. part of France, bordering on the English Channel (called by the French La Manche). Pop. 594,382. (B.) Capital, St. Lô..

MAN-CHES-TER, the great centre of the cotton manufacture of Great Britain, and the principal manufacturing town in the world, is situated in Lancashire, on the Irwell, a branch of the Mersey, 31 m. E. of Liverpool, and 163 N. N. W. of London. A multitude of mean-looking houses, in which the manufacturers lodge, a number of irregular, narrow, and ill-paved streets, and the continual smoke which rises from so many steam-engines, render the general aspect of this place rather repulsive. The newer parts of the town, however, are, for the most part, of a very different character. The streets are handsome, and several of the public edifices might be accounted ornaments to any

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capital in the world. Manchester contains two colleges, besides numerous other literary institutions. In point of population, it is the third town in the kingdom. Its growth has been greatly promoted by the different canals which terminate here, and by the railways, through which it communicates with all the principal places in England. In 1773, the pop. of this town was estimated to be less than 23,000; in 1801, it was 76,788; in 1831, it amounted to 187,022; and in 1841, to 242,983. The borough includes an area of above 9 sq. m.

29 N., Lon. 2° 15′ W.

MANCHOORIA. See MANTCHOORIA.

Lat. 53°

MAN-DA-VEE, a seaport t. of Hindostan, the most populous and commercial t. of Cutch, on the S. coast. Lat. 22° 50′ N., Lon. 69° 27′ E. Pop, in 1818 estimated at 35,000. (B.)

MAN-FRE-DO-NI-A or mån-frà-do'-ne-a, an archiepiscopal t. of Naples, on a gulf of the Adriatic of the same name. Lat. 41° 38′ N., Lon. 15° 56 E. Pop. about 5,000. (B.)

MANGALORE, mang-ga-lore', a seaport t. of Hindostan, in the prov. of Canara. Lat. 12° 52′ N., Lon. 74° 54' E. Pop. estimated at above 30,000. (B.)

MANHEIM OF MANNHEIM, månn'-hime, a handsome t. of Germany, the largest in the grand-duchy of Baden, and the cap. of the circle of the Lower Rhine, is situated on the Rhine, where it is joined by the Neckar, 32 m. N. of Carlsruhe. It is regularly and handsomely built, with broad streets. The palace of the grand-duke is one of the finest buildings of the kind in Germany. The right wing of this edifice contains a gallery of pictures, a cabinet of natural history, a collection of antiquities and of plaster casts of the finest ancient statues, and a library of 60,000 vols. Manheim has also a gymnasium, an academy of paintings and sculpture, and various other institutions. This place is a free port, and has an extensive trade. The observatory is in 49° 29′ 14" N. Lat., and 8° 27′ 51′′ E. Lon. Pop. above 22,000. (B.) MANILLA. See Luzon.

MAN-IS-SA (Anc. Magne/sia), a commercial t. of Asia Minor, 25 m. N. E. of Smyrna. Pop. estimated at 40,000. (B.)

MANITOUWOC, man-e-too-wok', a co. in the E. part of Wisconsin, bordering on L. Michigan. Pop. 235.

MANRESA, mån-rà/-så, (Anc. Minorisa,) a manufacturing t. of Spain, in Catalonia, 34 m. N. W. of Barcelona. Pop. 13,000. (M.)

MANS, LE, leh mån, (Anc. Suindinum, afterwards Cenomani,) the cap of the French dep. of Sarthe, and formerly of the prov. of Maine, is situated on the r. Sarthe, 115 m. W. S. W. of Paris. It contains a public library of 45,000 vols., and several other institutions. Lat. 48° N., Lon. 0° 12' E. Pop. 20,000. (B.)

MANT-CHOO-RI-A or MANDSHOORIA, a country in the N. E. part of Asia, belonging to China, between 41° and 56° N. Lat., and 117° and 140° E. Lon., and bordering on the Sea of Japan. It is chiefly remarkable as the original seat of the present ruling dynasty of China. The inhabitants are Tartars.--Adj. and inhab. MANT/-CHOO.

Fåte, får, fåll, fât; mẻ, mêt; pine or pine, pin; nò, nôt; õõ, as in good;

MAN-TU-A (It. Mantova, mån/-to-vå), an ancient and celebrated t. in the N. of Italy, the cap. of a delegation of the same name, on the Mincio, 21 m. S. S. W. of Verona. It is nearly surrounded by lakes, partly natural and partly formed by the damming up of the river. It is regularly fortified, and is perhaps the strongest bulwark of Austrian Italy. Among the remarkable buildings of Mantua, we may notice the Cathedral, one of the finest in Italy, adorned with many excellent paintings; and the Public Library and Museum, containing 80,000 printed vols., besides many manuscripts, and a sculpture gallery. which ranks next after those of Rome, Florence, and Naples. That which perhaps has contributed more than anything else to the fame of Mantua, is the circumstance that Virgil was born in the vicinity of this town, whence he has been called the "Mantuan bard." Lat. 45° 9′ N., Lon. 10° 48′ E. Pop. 28,000. (B.)

MANZANARES, mân-thản-å/-rês, a t. of Spain, in the prov. of La Mancha, about 100 m. S. of Madrid. Lat. 39° N., Lon. 3° 23′ W. Pop. 9,100. (M.)

MARACAYBO or MARACAIBO, mår-å-ki/-bo, a fortified city of Venezuela, cap. of the dep. of Zulia, on the W. shore of the strait connecting L. Maracaybo with the sea. Lat. 10° 39′ N., Lon. 71° 40′ W. Pop. about 20,000. (B.)

MARACAYBO, LAKE OF, is situated in the N. part of Venezuela, extending from about 9° to 10° 40' N. Lat., and from about 70° 50′ to 72° 10′ W. Lon. Length above 110 m.; greatest breadth about 80 m. In its form it resembles a decanter. The strait by which it is connected with the Gulf of Maracaybo is scarcely 5 m. wide.

MAR-A-NHAM or MARANHÃO, mar`-an-yå'-o, (Port. pron. of both words, mår-ån-yål-on,) or SAN LUIS, a seaport t. of Brazil, the cap. of a prov. of the same name, is situated on the W. coast of the Island of Maranham, with a good harbour. Lat. 2° 32′ S., Lon. 44° 16′ W. Pop. estimated at 28,000.

(B.)

The ISLAND OF MARANHAM or MARANHÃO, situated at the mouth of a r. of the same name, is about 30 m. in length, and 18 in breadth.

MARAVEE (Maravi), må-rå/-ve, a large lake in the interior of Africa, intersected by the 10th parallel of S. Lat., and the 34th meridian of E. Lon. It is supposed to be above 200 m. long, but little is known with certainty respecting it.

MARAÑON. See AMAZON.

MARBELLA, maR-bel-yå, (Anc. Salduba,) a seaport t. of Spain, in Andalusia. Lat. 36° 31' N., Lon. 4° 53′ W. Pop. 4,300. (B.)

MAR-BLE-HEAD, a port of entry of Mass., in Essex co., on a peninsula projecting into Massachusetts Bay. Lat. 42° 30′ N., Lon. 70° 51 W. Pop. of the township, 5,575.

MAR-BURG (Ger. pron. mar/-bŎŎRG), a t. of Hesse-Cassel, Germany, the cap. of the prov. of Upper Hesse, with a university, founded in 1527, containing a library of 100,000 vols, and attended by about 456 students. Lat. 50° 48′ N., Lon. 8° 40′ E. Pop. about 7,000. (B.)

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MARBURG, a t. of the Austrian empire, in Styria, on the Drave. Lat. 46° 35' N., Lon. 15° 43′ E. Pop. 4,578. (M.)

MARCHE, LA, lå-marsh, one of the provinces into which France was divided before the revolution, now chiefly included in the deps. of Creuse and Upper Vienne.

MAR-DEEN (Mardin), a fortified t. of Asiatic Turkey, in Mesopotamia, built on a mountain of limestone. Lat. 37° 20′ Ñ., Lon. 40° 35' E. Pop. estimated at 20,000. (B.)

MAR-EN-GO, a village of N. Italy, in the Sardinian states, 3 m. E. S. E. of Alessandria, memorable for a great victory won by Napoleon over the Austrians, in 1800.

MARENGO, a co. in the W. part of Ala., bordering on the Tombigbee. Pop. 17,264. Co. t. Linden.

MARGARITA, mar-ga-ree/-ta, an i. off the N. coast of S. America, belonging to Venezuela. Lat. about 11° N. Lon. 64° W. Length about 45 m.; greatest breadth above 20 m.

MARGATE, mar-get, a seaport, watering-place, and one of the prettiest towns of England, in Kent, on the Isle of Thanet, 65 m. E. by S. of London. Its fine baths are said to be frequented by 30,000 or 40,000 persons annually. Pop. of the parish, with an area of near 6 sq. m., 11,050.

MA-RI-EN-BERG (Ger. pron. må-reel-en-beRG`, a t. in the kingdom of Saxony, 2,000 ft. above the level of the sea, with mines of silver, iron, tin, and cobalt, and about 4,000 inhabitants. (P. C.) Lat. 50° 40′ N., Lon. 13° 5' E.

MA'-RI-EN-BURG (Ger. pron. må-reel-en-bõõRG`), a t. of W. Prussia, the cap. of a circle of the same name, is situated on the Nogath (nogååt), an arm of the Vistula, 27 m. S. S. E. of Dantzic. It is chiefly celebrated as having been the seat of the grand-master of the Teutonic Order from 1309 to 1466. The remains of the palace of the Order are represented as extremely grand. Lat. 54° 1' N., Lon. 19° 2′ E. Pop. 5,600. (B.)

MA-RI-EN-WER-DER (Ger. pron. må-ree/-en-W&R'-der), a well-built t. of Prussia, the cap. of a gov. of the same name, 2 or 3 m. from the right bank of Vistula, and 44 m. S. by E. of Dantzic. Pop. 5,520. (M.)

MARIENZELL, må-ree'-en-tsell, or MARIAZELL, må-reel-a-tsell', i. e. the "cell or shrine of [Saint] Mary," a small t. of Styria, with a church and famous statue of the Virgin. It has been called the Loretto of Austria, being the most celebrated place of pilgrimage in the empire. It is said to be annually visited by about 100,000 persons. Distant 56 m. S. W. from Vienna.

MARIGLIANO, må-reel-ya-no, a t. of Naples, 12 m. N. E. of the capital. Pop. estimated at 5,000. (M.)

MARINO, SAN. See SAN-MARINO.

MA-RI-ON, a dist. in the E. of S. C., intersected by the Great Pedee, and bordering on N. C. Pop. 13,932. Seat of justice, Marion c. h. MARION, a Co. in the W. S. W. part of Ga., between the Flint and Chattahoochee rivers. Pop. 4,812. Co. t. Tazewell.

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