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ou, as in our;

of 25° 30′ E. Lon.

th, as in thin; TH, as in this; N, nearly like ng. Length, 21 m.; greatest breadth, 15 m. Pop. estimated at 10,000. (P. C.) The chief town, called also Naxia, is on the N. W. side of the island. Pop. 4,000. (M.)

NEAGH, LOUGH, loн ni, the largest lake in the United Kingdom, is situated in the N. E. part of Ireland, about 90 m. N. of Dublin. Its form resembles a parallelogram. Length about 20 m.; greatest breadth, rather more than 10 m.; greatest depth, about 100 ft.

NECK-AR, a r. in the S. W. of Germany, which flows through Würtemberg and Baden, and joins the Rhine at Manheim.

NE-COS-TA, a co. in the W. central part of Mich.

NEDJD, nej'd, or NEDJ-ED, an extensive prov. occupying the central part of Arabia, inhabited chiefly by wandering tribes of Bedouins.

NEG-RO-PONT or EG-RI-PO (Anc. Eubœ'a), a large i. near the E. coast of continental Greece, between 37° 57' and 39° 4′ N. Lat. and 22° 57′ and 24° 35′ E. Lon. It is about 110 m. long, and from 3 or 4 to 26 m. wide. The channel (Anc. Euri/pus) which separates this island from the main land varies from 40 yards to about 14 m. in breadth. On the narrowest part is situated Egripos or Negropont (Anc. Chal'cis), the chief town of the island. Lat. 38° 30′ N., Lon. 23° 54′ E. Pop., before the war of independence, estimated at 16,000. (B.) NEISSE, ni'-ceh, a well-built t. and fortress of Prussian Silesia, the cap. of a principality of the same name, which belongs partly to Prussia and partly to Austria. The town is situated on the r. Neisse, a branch of the Oder, and is regarded as one of the most important fortresses in the Prussian dominions. In case of a siege, the adjacent country can be laid under water. It contains, besides other manufactories, a powderLat. 50° 25′ N., Lon. 17° 16'

mill and a royal manufactory of arms. E. Pop. above 10,000. (B.)

NEL-SON, a co. in the S. E. central part of Va., bordering on James r. Pop. 12,287. Co. t. Livingston.

NELSON, a co. in the N. central part of Ky., S. W. of Frankfort. Pop. 13,637. Co. t. Bardstown.

NELSON RIVER. See SASKATCHAWAN.

NENAGH, na-na, a t. of Tipperary, Ireland, near a r. of the same name, which flows into the Shannon, 87 m. W. S. W. of Dublin. Pop. in 1831, 8,446. (M.)

NEOT'S, ST., sent neets, or s'n neets. a small t. of England, in Huntingdonshire, on the Ouse, 50 m. N. by W. of London.

NE-PAUL OF NEPAL, an independent kingdom of Hindostan, situated between 26° 30′ and 30° 50′ N. Lat., and 80° and 88° E. Lon. Length above 500 m.; mean breadth about 100 m. Pop. 2,500,000. (B.) The government is despotic; the prevailing religion is Boodhism. Catmandoo is the capital-Adj. and inhab. NEP-AUL-EȘE'.

NER-BUD-DAH or Nar-må'-da, a large r. of Hindostan, which rises in the prov. of Gundwana, in about 22° 40′ N. Lat. and 82° E. Lon., and, flowing westerly, falls into the Gulf of Cambay, in Lat. 21° 36 N., Lon. 72° 50′ E., after a course of about 700 m.

NESS, LOCH, lok ness, a lake of Scotland, in Inverness-shire; it is

Fåte, får, fåll, fât; mě, mit; pine or pine, pln; nô, nôt; ŏŏ, as in good; about 22 m. long, and from about three-quarters of a mile to near 2 m. wide.

NETH-ER-LANDS (Dutch, Nederland, nå'-der-lånt`; Ger. Niederlande, nee-der-lån-deh; Fr. Pays Bas, ple-bå; each name signifying, in its respective language, "low land or low countries"), the name formerly applied to the whole country which constitutes the territories of Holland and Belgium, but now usually employed to denote the kingdom of Holland only. In the beginning of the 16th century, almost the whole of the Netherlands belonged to the house of Austria; but Charles V., emperor of Germany, united them in 1548 to the crown of Spain. In consequence of the cruel persecution of the Protestants, during the reign of his son Philip II., king of Spain, seven of the provinces, viz. Holland, Gelderland, Zealand, Utrecht, Friesland, Overyssel, and Groningen, revolted and formed the celebrated republic of the Seven United Provinces, which was afterwards generally called Holland, from the name of the largest and most influential province. To these were afterwards added, by conquest and treaty, other territories, including Drenthe and N. Brabant. The remaining provinces, including S. Brabant, continued united to the Spanish crown till 1706, when, after the battle of Ramilies, they acknowledged as their sovereign Charles VI., afterwards emperor of Germany, and were thenceforward known as the AUSTRIAN NETHERLANDS. In the seven Dutch provinces, the house of Orange obtained the hereditary dignity of Stadtholder, in 1747. After the fall of Napoleon, in 1813, the Prince, who, during the ascendancy of the French influence, had been compelled to live in exile, was recalled and governed the country, with the title of "Sovereign Prince." In 1815, the seven northern and ten southern provinces, after a separation of 200 years, were again united under the name of the kingdom of the Netherlands. This union continued for 15 years, till the revolt of the Belgians, in 1830. (See BELGIUM and HOLLAND.) NEU-BURG (Ger. pron. noi'-boŎRG), a handsome t. of Bavaria, on the Danube, 45 m. W. S. W. of Ratisbon. Lat. 48° 44' N., Lon. 11° 11' E. Pop. about 6,000. (B.)

NEUFCHATEL, nush`-a-tel, often written NEUCHÂTEL (Ger. Neuenburg, noil-en-boŎRG), a small canton in the N. W. part of Switzerland, bordering on France. Area, about 250 sq. m. Pop. in 1837, 58,616. (P. C.) Neufchâtel is a principality, of which the king of Prussia is the sovereign prince; it has, however, a legislative body, seven-eighths of whom are elected from the various districts of the canton. Neufchâtel, the capital, on the N. W. side of the lake of the same name, is distinguished for its manufacturing industry. Pop. about 5,000. (B.)

NEUFCHÂTEL, LAKE OF (Ger. Neuenburger-See, noi'-en-bõõr`-ger så), called also the LAKE OF YVERDUN, e`-v&R'-dun', on the S. E. side of the above canton, is 25 m. in length, and about 5 m. in its greatest breadth; greatest depth, about 400 ft. The surface is estimated to be 1,320 ft. above the level of the sea.

NEU-RUPPIN. See RUPPIN, New.

NEU-SATZ or noi'-såts (Hung. Ujvidék, oo-e-ve-daik), a royal free t.

ou, as in our; th, as in thin; TH, as in this; N, nearly like ng.

of Hungary, on the Danube, opposite to Peterwardein, with which it is connected by a bridge of boats, 46 m. N. W. of Belgrade. It is the centre of an extensive trade. Pop above 17,000. (B.)

NEUSE, a r. of N. C., flowing into the S. W. extremity of Pamlico Sound. Length about 300 m. It is navigable for boats 200 m.

NEU-souL or noi/-sole (Hung. Besztercze Bánya, bes-tert-så båảnyõh), a royal free t. of Hungary, remarkable for the copper mines in its vicinity. Lat. 48° 40′ N., Lon. 19° 3' E. Pop. 10,000.

NEU-STADT or noil-stått (often called Wiener (Weel-ner) Neustadt, from its proximity to Vienna), a handsome, flourishing, and well-fortified t. of Lower Austria, 27 m. S. by W. of Vienna, with which it communicates by a canal. It is the seat of a celebrated military academy, attended by about 500 pupils, and contains a number of flourishing manufactures. Lat. 47° 48′ N., Lon. 16° 13 E. Pop. above 8,000. (B.) NEUSTADT (Hung. Nagy-Bánya, nody-(almost nodge) båån-yöh), a t. of Hungary, near the N. frontier of Transylvania, remarkable for its rich mines of gold, silver, and lead. Lat. 47° 39′ N., Lon. 23° 32′ E. Pop. above 4,000. (B.)

NEU-WIED,or noi'-weet, a manufacturing t.of Prussia, on the Rhine, 7 m. N. N. W. of Coblentz, with a gymnasium, a valuable collection of Roman antiquities, and of specimens in natural history, and 5,200 inhabitants, who are chiefly Moravians.

NE-VA (Russ. pron. nal-vå), a r. of Russia, which forms the outlet of L. Ladoga, and joins the Gulf of Finland, at St. Petersburg. NEVADA, LA SIERRA. See the next article.

NEVADO, nå-vå-Do, a Spanish word signifying "covered with snow," which has been applied to numerous mountain peaks in S. America and Mexico.

LA SIERRA NEVADA (lå se-er'-rå nå-vå-på), or the "snow-clad ridge," is a chain of mountains in Granada, Spain, which runs due E. and W., and is about 60 m. in length. The peak of Mulahacen (moo-lå-å-then/), near the centre of this chain, in 37° 10′ N. Lat., and 3° 28′ W. Lon., is the highest mountain summit in the Spanish peninsula, and, with the exception of the Alps, the highest in Europe, having an elevation of 11,658 ft. above the level of the sea. The Sierra Nevada is perpetually

covered with snow above the height of 9,500 ft. NEVADO DE SORATA. See SORATA.

NEVERS, neh-vare', (Anc. Noviodu/num, afterwards Niver/num or Nevir'num,) a manufacturing and commercial t. of France, cap. of the dep. of Nièvre, on the Loire, at the junction of the little r. Nièvre, 133 m. S. by E. of Paris. It contains a royal cannon foundry, and other extensive manufactures in iron. The crockery made here is regarded as the best in France. Lat. 46° 59′ N., Lon. 3° 10′ E. Pop. 15,000. (B.)

NEW-ARK, a t. of England, in Nottinghamshire, on the Trent, 110 m. N. by W. of London. Pop., including an area of about 3 sq. m., 10,220.

NEWARK, a port of entry of N. J., the cap. of Essex co., and the

Fåte, får, fåll, fåt; mě, mět; pine or pine, pin; nò, nôt; ŏŏ as in good; largest t. in the state, is situated on the Passaic, 9 m. W. of New York. The river is navigable for sloops of 80 tons to this place; 4 m. below the t. it falls into Newark Bay. The position of this city is very favourable for trade, standing, as it does, on the railroad between New York and Philadelphia, and communicating with the Delaware at Easton, by means of the Morris Canal. It is the seat of numerous and flourishing manufactures, and contained, in 1840, 17,290 inhabitants, exhibiting an increase of more than 6,000 since the census of 1830. Lat. 40° 45′ N., Lon. 74° 10' W.

NEWARK BAY is formed by the junction of the Passaic and Hackensack rivers. It is 6 or 7 m. long, and above 2 m. wide, communicating at its S. extremity with Staten Island Sound.

NEW BED-FORD, a seaport t. and port of entry of Mass., in Bristol co., of which it is one of the seats of justice, on an arm of Buzzard's Bay, about 50 m., in a straight line, S. by E. of Boston. The inhabitants of this town own a large amount of shipping, and are very extensively engaged in the whale fishery. Lat. 41° 38′ N., Lon. 70° 56′ W. Pop. 12,087.

NEW/-BERN, a port of entry of N. C., cap. of Craven co., is situated at the confluence of the Trent and Neuse, about 100 m. E. S. E. of Raleigh. Lat. 35° 20′ N., Lon. 77° 5' W. Pop. 3,690.

NEW-BER-RY, a dist. in the N. W. central part of S. C., between the Saluda and Broad rivers. Pop. 18,350. Seat of justice Newberry c. h. NEW BRUNSWICK, a prov. of British America, lying on the W. side of the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Length, from N. to S., about 190 m.; average breadth estimated at 150 m. Pop. in 1834, 119,457. (P. C.) Frederickton is the capital.

NEW BRUNSWICK, a t. of N. J., the cap. of Middlesex co., on the Raritan, where it is crossed by the New York and Philadelphia railroad, 28 m., in a straight line, S. W. of New York. With this city it has daily intercourse, by means of steamboats on the Raritan, as well as by the railroad, while, through the Delaware and Raritan canal, it has a water communication with Trenton and Philadelphia. Pop. 8,693.

NEW-BURG, a well-built t. of N. Y., in Orange co., on the Hudson, about 60 m., by water, from New York. It is alternately with Goshen the co. t. Lat. 41° 31' N., Lon. 74° 1′ W. Pop. 8,933.

NEWBURYPORT, nu/-ber-re-pōrt', a beautiful t. and port of entry in Essex co., Mass., at the mouth of the Merrimack. It was formerly very flourishing, but in 1811 a fire destroyed nearly 300 buildings, from the effects of which calamity it has never recovered. Lat. 42° 48' N., Lon. 70° 50′ W. Pop. 7,161.

NEWCASTLE, nu'-kas-s'l, the most northern of the three counties of Del. Pop. 33,120. Co. t. Newcastle.

NEW-CASTLE-UPON-TYNE, an important commercial t. and river-port of England, in Northumberland, on the N. bank of the Tyne, 10 m. from its mouth. It is connected with Gateshead, on the opposite side of the river, in the co. of Durham, by a handsome stone bridge, with 9

ou, as in our; th, as in thin; TH, as in this; N, nearly like ng. elliptical arches. This town owes its importance and prosperity to its extensive commerce in coal, which is procured from numerous pits, situated on both sides of the Tyne, from within 2 m. of its mouth to 16 or 18 m. up the river. Newcastle forms a little county of itself, with an area of only 2,000 acres. It has nearly doubled in pop. during the present century. Lat. 50° 58' N., Lon. 1° 37′ W. Pop. of the t. and co. of Newcastle, 48,860. Gateshead, which is regarded by some as a suburb of the above, contains about 19,000 inhabitants.

NEWCASTLE-UNDER-LYME or LYNE,* a t. of England, in Staffordshire, 135 m. N. W. of London. Pop. 9,838.

NEW ENGLAND, a name given to the N. E. portion of the U. S., including the six states of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut. The whole area may be estimated at about 67,000 sq. m., being rather less than that of Virginia. Total pop. 2,234,862. The inhabitants of New England are distin. guished for their intelligence. and enterprise. There is probably no country on the globe, in which the obligations of morality and religion are more generally respected and obeyed.

NEW`-FOUND-LAND', a large i. of British America, situated in the Atlantic, S. E. of Labrador, from which it is separated by the Strait of Belle Isle, between 46° 40′ and 51° 37′ N. Lat., and 52° 25′ and 59° 15 W. Lon. Its form approaches that of a triangle. The length, measuring nearly N. and S., is about 320 m.; greatest breadth, near 300 m. Area estimated at 50,000 sq. m. Pop. fluctuating, in consequence of many persons, who visit the island in the fishing season, leaving it during winter: according to the census of 1836, it amounted to 73,705. (P. C.) Little is known of the interior of Newfoundland. It appears, however, to be generally barren. The inhabitants depend chiefly on fishing for their subsistence.

NEW GRANADA, grå-nål-då,† (Sp. Nueva Granada, nwà'-vå grå-nå'Då,) one of the three republics of S. America, into which, in 1836, Colombia was divided. (See COLOMBIA.) The boundary line between Granada and Ecuador, appears not to be exactly settled, but it lies between 1 and 2° N. Lat.: towards the N. this republic extends to 12° 30 N. Lat.: it is situated between 69° and 83° W. Lon; bounded on the N. by the Caribbean sea, E. by Venezuela and Brazil, S. by Brazil and Ecuador, and W. by the Pacific and Central America. The greatest length, from N. to S., is near 800 m.; greatest breadth, from E. to W., about 650 m. Area estimated at 400,000 sq. m. Pop. in 1826, 1,320,000. (B.) There is reason to believe that, in consequence of the unsettled state of the country, it has not materially increased since that period. Bogota is the capital.

It appears from old records that an ancient forest on the borders of Cheshire was called Lyme or Lime (probably from limes, a “boundary"); from their proximity to which, a number of places are supposed to have received the addition to their names of under lyme or lyne.

† See note under GRANADA,

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