Fåte, får, fåll, fåt; mẻ, mêt; pine or pine, pin; nô, nôt; õõ, as in good;

hosiery business. Nottingham forms a little county of itself, with an area of about 4 sq. m., and a pop. of 53,091.

NOT-TING-HAM-SHIRE, a co. in the N. E. central part of England, intersected by the Trent. Pop. 249,910.

NOVARA, no-val-rå, (Anc. Nova/ria,) a fortified t. of the Sardinian states, cap. of a prov. of the same name, near the Gogna (gone/-yå), an affluent of the Po, 27 m. W. by S. of Milan. Lat. 45° 27′ N., Lon. 8° 38 E. Pop. 15,300. (P. C.)

NOVA SCOTIA, no-va sko/-she-a (i. e. "New Scotland"), a British colony of N. America, between 43°‍20′ and 46° N. Lat., and 61° and 66° 20′ W. Lon. It is surrounded by the sea, except at its N. W. extremity, where it is connected with the territory of New Brunswick by an isthmus about 9 m. wide. Its length, from Cape Canso on the E., to Cape St. Mary on the W., is above 260 m.; its greatest breadth, measuring on a line at right angles with the preceding, is about 100 m. Area estimated at 15,620 sq. m. Pop. in 1838, 155,000. (M.) The prov. or gov. of Nova Scotia comprehends, in addition to the above peninsula, the i. of Cape Breton.

No-VA ZEM-BLA (a corruption of the Russian name Novaja Zemla, no-vi-â zem-lå/ or "new land"), an i. in the Arctic Ocean, between 70° 30′ and 77° N. Lat., and 52° and 78° E. Lon. Length, nearly 400 m.; mean breadth, about 50 m. There appears to be no vegetation on this island, except lichens and mosses; but white bears, foxes, walruses, and seals abound. Though several expeditions for this purpose have been sent out by the Russian government, the island has not yet been fully explored.

Nov-GO-ROD or No'-vo-Go-ROD' Vell-j-kee (i. e. the "Great New City") an ancient and decayed city of European Russia, cap. of a gov. of the same name, is situated on the Volkhof, at its exit from L. Ilmen, 100 m. S. E. of St. Petersburg. This town is one of the most ancient, and was formerly the most important, in the Russian empire, having been founded, it is said, in the 5th century. In the 9th century, it had its own prince, and in the 12th, a republic was established here, which soon became very powerful, and extended its territory, it is said, from Livonia on the W. to Siberia on the E., and, if we may believe the testimony of several historians, the pop. of the city at one time amounted to 400,000! (B.) In 1477, it was conquered by the grand duke of Russia, since which time it appears to have gradually declined. Its present pop. does not exceed 10,000. (P. C.) Yet, when viewed from a distance, it has a very striking appearance, owing to its fine situation and the gilded domes of its 63 churches, which remain as monuments of its ancient splendour. Its commerce and manufactures are still considerable. It is the residence of an archbishop. Lat. 58° 32′ N., Lon. 31° 16' E.

No-vi, a pleasant, well-built t. of Italy, in the Sardinian territories, cap. of a prov. of the same name, with an active trade. Lat. 44° 47' N., Lon. 8° 48' E. Pop. about 10,000. (P. C.)

ou, as in our; th, as in thin; TH, as in this; N, nearly like ng. Nox/-U-BEE, a co. in the E. part of Miss., bordering on Ala. Pop. 9,975. Co. seat, Macon.

Novos, noh`-yN', (Anc. Noviom/agus Veromanduo/rum,) a small t. of France, in the dep. of Oise, on a branch of the r. Oise, once the residence of the court of Charlemagne, and remarkable, in later times, as the birth-place of John Calvin. Lat. 49° 35′ N., Lon. 3° 1' E. Pop. 3,473. (M.)

Nul-BI-A (Anc. Æthio'pia?),an extensive country in the N. E. part of Africa, between Egypt and Abyssinia, and included between the 24th and 10th parallels of N. Lat., and the 30th and 39th meridians of E. Lon. The term Nubia appears to be of very vague application. The natives apply the name Nooba (Nouba) or Wady el Nooba to a comparatively small tract between Derr and Dongola, while in Egypt, it is loosely employed to denote the region of Sennaar and the countries S. of it. This portion of the African continent, since the conquests made by his son Ismael Pasha, in 1821, may be regarded as forming a part of the extensive dominions of Mehemet Ali, the vice-roy of Egypt. It is divided into Lower Nubia or Nubia Proper, extending N. to the mouth of the r. Tacazzé, and Upper Nubia, which includes Shendy, Halfay (Anc. Mer'oë) and Sennaar. Area and pop. unknown. In the northern portion of this country, as far S. as 17° 30′ N. Lat., heavy rains occasionally fall throughout the year; but, further S., the rains are periodical, beginning in the early part of spring, and continuing about three months, thus producing the annual swelling of the Nile.Adj. and inhab. NU-BI-AN.

NUECES, noo-à-sesz, or nwal-cis, a r. of Texas, flowing into a bay of the same name, near 27° 30′ N. Lat., and 98° W. Lon.

NU-REM-BERG (Ger. Nürnberg, nürn-bRG), a city of Bavaria, on a branch of the Regnitz, 93 m. N. N. W. of Munich. In the middle ages, this town, in wealth, commerce, and manufactures, ranked among the first cities of Europe. Its pop. was then about 90,000. (B.) Though many circumstances have contributed to diminish its ancient prosperity, its trade and manufacturing industry assign it still a distinguished rank among the towns of Germany. It is also remarkable for its numerous and well conducted public institutions of every kind, among which, its celebrated gymnasium and its polytechnic school may be particularly mentioned. The world is indebted to Nuremberg for the invention of watches, of brass, and of the lock for fire-arms, and of some other articles of less importance. Albert Dürer, the distinguished painter, was a native of this town. Lat. 49° 27′ N., Lon. 11° 4' E. Pop. 41,000. (P. C.)

OAHU, woh-hoo, one of the most important of the Sandwich Islands, lying about 130 m. N. W. of Hawaii, and intersected by the parallel of 21° 30' N. Lat., and the 158th meridian of W. Lon. Length, 43 m.; greatest breadth, 24 m. Pop. estimated at 20,000. Honolulu (ho'-noTool-loo), situated on a bay of the same name, on the S. side of the island, is the chief town of Oahu, the cap. of the whole group (see SANDWICH ISLANDS), and the great centre of civilization in the Ha

Fåte, får, fåll, fåt; mẻ, mêt; pine or pine, pîn; nò, nôt; õõ as in good;

waiian Archipelago. Two newspapers are now printed in this town. Pop. 8,000.

OAK'-LAND, a co. in the S. E. part of Mich., a little N. W. of Detroit r. Pop. 23,646. Co. t. Pontiac.

OAXACA, wå-hal-kå, written also GUAXACA, a beautiful city of Mexico, cap. of a state of the same name, on the Rio Verde (ree/-o ver/-då), 165 m. S. W. of Vera Cruz. Lat. 17° 3′ N., Lon. 97° 15′ W. Pop., including the immediate environs, estimated at 40,000. (B.)

O'-BI, or, more properly, Oв, a large r. of Asiatic Russia, rises near the 50th parallel of N. Lat. and the 89th meridian of E. Lon. Its course is south-westerly, till its junction with the Irtish, in about 61° N. Lat. and 69° E. Lon., when it changes to the N., and continues in this direction to its termination in the Gulf of Obi. Lat. 66° 40′ N., Lon. about 67° E. The whole length, measuring from the source of the Irtish, is estimated at near 3,000 m.

O'-BI-ON, a co. forming the N. W. extremity of Tenn. Pop. 4,814. Co. t. Troy.

Ocaña, o-kån'-yå, an ancient t. of New Castile, Spain, 34 m. S. by E. of Madrid. Lat. 39° 56′ N., Lon. 3° 31′ W. Pop. stated at about 5,000. (M.)

OCEANA, o-she-an-a, a co. in the W. part of Mich., bordering on L. Michigan. Pop. 208.

OCEANICA, O-she-an-e-ka, (Fr. Oceanie, o`-sa-a-ne',) the name of the fifth division of the globe, which includes the continent of Australia, and all the islands in the Eastern and Pacific Ocean, between 95° E. and 100° W. Lon., which are not considered, from their proximity, to belong to the continents of Asia or America. Its limits are somewhat indefinite, but it may be said to be bounded on the N. W. and N. by a line running through the Strait of Malacca and the China Sea northeastward (excluding the island of Formosa and the Japan islands), to the 35th parallel of N. Lat., thence eastward to about the 160th meridian of W. Lon., on the N. E. and E. by a line drawn from this meridian due S. E. to the 100th meridian of W. Lon., and thence S. to the 56th parallel of S. Lat. This parallel may be taken for the southern, and the 95th meridian of E. Lon. for the western boundary of Oceanica. This grand division of the world is subdivided into three parts, viz. MALAISIA Or Western Oceanica, POLYNESIA or Eastern Oceanica, and AUSTRALIA, which see.

Oc-MULGI-EE, a r. of Ga., which rises in the N. part of the state, and, flowing in a general south-easterly course, unites with the Oconee to form the Altamaha. It is navigable for steamboats to Macon.

O-co-NEE, a r. which rises in the N. E. part of Ga., and, flowing S. S. E., unites with the above. It is navigable for steamboats to Milledgeville.

ÖDENSE, o'-den-sch, one of the prettiest towns in the kingdom of Denmark, on the island of Fünen, of which it is the capital. It has several literary institutions. Its cathedral is one of the finest in Denmark. Lat. 55° 24′ N., Lon. 10° 24' E. Pop. about 7,000. (B.)

ou, as in our; th, as in thin; TH, as in this; N, nearly like ng. O'-DER, a large r. of Germany, which rises in the E. part of Moravia, and, flowing in a general north-westerly course through the Prussian dominions, empties itself into the Stettiner Haff, near Stettin, by several mouths. Length 460 in. It is navigable for barges of 40 or 50 tons as high as Breslau, near 51° N. Lat., and 17° E. Lon.

O-DES'-s, a seaport and important commercial t. of Southern Russia, in the gov. of Kherson, on the N. W. coast of the Black Sea. This town was a miserable village in 1791, when the empress Catharine obtained possession of Otchakof (Oczakow). The new town was begun in 1794, in 1817 it was declared a free port for 30 years, and Odessa has now become the first commercial place on the Black Sea. Much of the prosperity of this city is owing to the enlightened administration of the Duke of Richelieu, a French emigrant nobleman, who was appointed governor by the emperor Alexander. The town is well built; the streets are broad and straight, but not paved. The principal institution for education, among many, is the Lyceum, founded by the Duke of Richelieu, and called by his name. Lat. 46° 30′ N., Lon. 30° 45′ E. Pop., including the suburbs, in 1837, 63,000. (P.C.)

OE-DEN-BURG Gr öl-den-boŎRG', (Hung. Soprony, sho-proñ; Anc. Sopronium), a royal free t. of Hungary, cap. of a palatinate of the same name, 37 m. S. S. E. of Vienna, long noted for its excellent wines. Lat. 47° 41' N., Lon. 16° 34' E. Pop. 12,000. (B.)

OE-LAND or ö'-lånd, a long and narrow i. in the Baltic, belonging to Sweden, between 56° 11' and 57° 22′ N. Lat., and 16° 20′ and 17° 12′ E. Lon. Length about 85 m.; breadth, varying from 3 to 11 m. Area estimated at 400 sq. m. Pop. at 31,000. (M.)

OELS, els, a t. of Prussian Silesia, cap. of a principality of the same name. Lat. 51° 25' N., Lon. 17° 22′ E. Pop. 5,300. (B.)

OER-E-BRO or öl-re-bro, a handsome commercial t. of Sweden, cap. of a dist. of the same name. Lat. 59° 17' N., Lon. 15° 13' E. Pop. 4,135. (M.)

OE-SEL or ö-sel, an i. in the Baltic, belonging to Russia, intersected by the parallel of 58° 30′ N. Lat., and by the 22d and 23d meridian of E. Lon. Length about 60 m.; greatest breadth near 30 m. Area esti

mated at 1,150 sq. m. Pop., including the adjacent islands, about 35,000. (M.)

OETTINGEN, et-ting-çn, (Ger. pron. öt'-ting-en), a manufacturing t. of Bavaria, on the Wernitz, an affluent of the Danube. Lat. 48° 57′ N., Lon. 10° 36' E. Pop. 3,200. (B.)

OFEN. See BUDA.

OFFENBACH, of-fen-båk', an important manufacturing and commercial t. of Ger., in the grand-duchy of Hesse-Darmstadt, 5 m. E. by S. of Frankfort. Pop. 8,000. (B.)

OG-DENS-BURG', a port of entry of N. Y., in St. Lawrence co., on the r. St. Lawrence, at the mouth of the Oswegatchie. Pop. 2,526.

O-GEE-CHEE (G hard), a r. in the S. E. part of Ga., which flows into

Fåte, får, fåll, fit; m', mit; pine or pine, pln; nỏ, nôt; õõ as in good;

the Atlantic, near 31° 50′ N. Lat., and 81° 10 W. Lon. It is navigable for sloops 30 or 40 m. from its mouth.

O-GLE, a co. in the N. part of Ill., intersected by Rock r. Pop. 3,479.

O'-GLE-THORP, a Co. in the N. E. part of Ga., bordering on the Oconce Pop. 10,868. Co. t. Lexington.

O-HI-o, one of the largest rivers in the U. S., formed by the union of the Alleghany and Monongahela rivers, at Pittsburg, in the W. part of Pa. It flows in a general south-westerly direction, separating Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois on the right, from Virginia and Kentucky on the left, and enters the Mississippi in 37° N. Lat., and about 89° 10′ W. Lon. Its whole length is about 950 m. Its breadth varies from 400 to 1,400 yards. At Cincinnati it is about 800 yards wide, which may be regarded as the mean breadth. The current is very gentle, and is no where broken by any considerable falls, except at Louisville, where the river descends 22 ft. in 2 m., producing a very rapid current, which, however, boats have frequently ascended. (Morse.) A canal for steamboats has been constructed round these rapids. (See LOUISVILLE.) The difference between high and low water on the Ohio, is usually about 50 ft. and is sometimes 60 ft. When lowest, it may be forded in several places above Louisville.

OHIO, one of the U. S., situated between 38° 30′ and 42° N. Lat., and 80° 30′ and 84° 40′ W. Lon.; bounded on the N. by Michigan and L. Erie, E. and S. E. by Pennsylvania and Virginia, S. by Kentucky, and W. by Indiana; and divided into 79 counties.* Greatest length, from E. to W., about 220 m.; greatest breadth, from N. to S., near 210 m. Area estimated at 44,000 sq. m. Pop. 1,519,467. Columbus is the seat of government. Ohio was admitted into the Union in 1802.

OHIO, a co. near the N. N. W. extremity of Va., bordering on the Ohio r. and Pa. Pop. 13,357. Co. t. Wheeling.

OHIO, a co. in the western part of Ky., N. of, and bordering on Green r. Pop. 6,592. Co. t. Hartford.

OISE (Fr. pron. wåz, almost wize), a r. in the N. of France, which flows into the Seine.

OISE, a dep. in the N. of France, intersected by the above r. Pop. 398,641. (B.) Capital, Beauvais.

O-KA, a considerable r. in the central part of European Russia, which flows into the Volga.

* Adams, Allen, Ashtabula, Athens, Belmont, Brown, Butler, Carroll, Champaign, Clark, Clermont, Clinton, Columbiana, Coshocton, Crawford, Cuyahoga, Darke, Delaware, Erie, Fairfield, Fayette, Franklin, Gallia, Geauga, Greene, Guernsey, Hamilton, Hancock, Hardin, Harrison, Henry, Highland, Hocking. Holmes, Huron, Jackson, Jefferson, Knox, Lake, Lawrence, Licking, Logan, Lorain, Lucas, Madison, Marion, Medina, Meigs, Mercer, Miami, Monroe, Montgomery, Morgan, Muskingum, Ottawa, Paulding, Perry, Pickaway, Pike, Portage, Preble, Putnam, Richland, Ross, Sandusky, Scioto, Seneca, Shelby, Stark, Summit. Trumbull, Tuscarawas, Union, Van Wert, Warren, Washington, Wayne, Williams Wood.