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Fåte, får, fåll, fât; mẻ, mêt; pine or pine, pin;

PORT LE-ON, a port of entry of Florida, in kulla r.

PORT LOUIS. See MAURITIUS.

PORT MAHON.

See MAHON.

PORTO. See OPORTO.

nô, nôt ; õõ as in goed;

Leon co., on the Wa

POR-TO BEL-LO (Sp. Puerto Bello, pwR/-to bell-yo, i. e. “beautiful harbour"), a decayed seaport t. of New Granada, situated on the Caribbean Sea, on the N. side of the isthmus of Panama, now only remarkable for its fine harbour. It was formerly the seat of a celebrated fair, and a great entrepôt for the merchandise and wealth of Spain and Peru. Lat. 9 33' N., Lon. 79° 35′ W.

PORTO RICO, por-to reel-ko, (Sp. Puerto Rico, pwer/-to reel-ko, i. e. "rich port,") one of the W. India islands, belonging to Spain, and deriving its name from its chief town (see next article), the smallest and most easterly of the Greater Antilles, situated between 17° 50′ and 18° 32' N. Lat., and 65° 43′ and 67° 20′ W. Lon. Length near 110 m.; greatest breadth about 40 m. Its form is almost a parallelogram, the N. and S. coast-lines running nearly due E. and W. Area, 3,700 sq. m. Pop. in 1837, 357,086. (P. C.) The soil of Porto Rico is of the richest and most varied description; the different kinds being respectively and admirably adapted to the cultivation of sugar-cane, coffee, rice, and

cocoa.

PORTO RICO or SAN JUAN DE PORTO RICO, the cap. and largest t. of the above island, and one of the strongest fortresses in America, is situated on the N. coast, with a deep, secure, and spacious harbour. Lat. 18° 29′ N., Lon. 66° 13′ W. Pop. estimated at near 30,000. (B.) PORTSEA. See next article.

PORTS-MOUTH, a seaport t. of Hampshire, England, the principal naval arsenal, and the grand station of the fleet of Great Britain, situated on the W. side of Portsea Island, 65 m. S. W. of London. The town consists of two distinct parts, Portsmouth Proper and Portsea; the latter is much the larger place, and contains the dock-yard, which occupies an area of near 120 acres. The harbour, which is unequalled in Great Britain, has a narrow entrance, not exceeding 220 yards in width, but afterwards it expands into a noble basin, capable of containing the greater part of the British navy, and deep enough to float the largest men-of-war at any time of the tide. Portsmouth is well fortified, aud is one of the strongest places in Europe. The Observatory is in Lat. 50° 48′ 3" N., Lon. 1° 5′ 58′′ W. Pop. of the whole borough, containing an area of near 8 sq. in., 53,032.

PORTSMOUTH, a port of entry, one of the seats of justice of Rockingham co., N. H., and the largest town in the state, situated on the Piscataqua r., about 3 m. from the sea, and communicating with Boston and Portland by a railroad. Its harbour is one of the best in America, being completely land-locked, never frozen, and accessible to the largest ships. It is defended by several forts and batteries, and contains a number of islands, on one of which is a United States' navy. yard. Lat. 43° 5′ N., Lon. 70° 46′ W. Pop. 7,887.

ou, as in our; th, as in thin, TH, as in this; N, nearly like ng. POR-TU-GAL (Port. pron. por-too-gål'; Anc. Lusitania); a kingdom of Europe, occupying the S. W. portion of the Spanish peninsula, situated between 36° 56′ and 42° 8 N. Lat., and 6° 13′ and 9° 30′ W. Lon.; bounded on the N. and E. by Spain, and S. and W. by the Atlantic. Length, from N. to S., near 360 m.; greatest breadth 142 m. Area, 38,800 sq. m. Pop. 3,530,000. (B.) Portugal is divided into six provinces; viz., Entre Douro e Minho, Tras os Montes, Beira, Estremadura, Alentejo, and Algarve, which are treated of under their respective heads. Lisbon is the seat of government.-Adj. and inhab. PÖR`-TUGUESE.

POSEN, pol-zen, an archiepiscopal city of Prussia, cap. of a prov. of the same name, on the Wartha. It possesses a gymnasium and several other literary institutions; and is the centre of an active commerce. Lat. 52° 29′ N., Lon. 16° 53′ E. Pop. above 28,000. (B.)

Pol-şey, a co. forming the S. W. extremity of Ind. Pop. 9,683. Co. t. Mount Vernon.

PO-TEN-ZA (Anc. Poten/tia), a t. of Naples, cap. of the prov. Basilicata (bå-sil-e-ka'-tå). Lat. 40° 36′ N., Lon. 15° 51′ E. Pop. 9,000. (B.) PO-TO-MAC, a large r. of the U. S., which rises in the Alleghany Mountains, in about 39° 7′ N. Lat., and 79° 30′ W. Lon., and, flowing at first north-easterly, and afterwards in a general south-easterly direction, forms, in its whole course, the boundary between Md. and Va. It falls into the Chesapeake Bay, in about 38 N. Lat., and 76° 10′ W. Lon. Length estimated at 400 m. It is navigable for the largest vessels to Washington, about 120 m. from its mouth, or near 250 m. from the sea.

ness.

POTOSI, po-to-see or po-to-se, a city of Bolivia (formerly Upper Peru), celebrated for its rich silver mines, situated at the height of 13,265 ft. above the sea, on the W. declivity of the Cerro de Potosi, near its base. This mountain, which has the shape of perfect cone, and rises to an elevation of more than 16,000 ft. above the level of the sea, seems to consist entirely of silver ore, of different degrees of richThe fact that this precious metal existed here was first discovered in 1545, by an Indian, who, pursuing a llama up the steep declivity, caught hold of a shrub, which being torn from the soil, exposed a mass of solid silver at the roots. From 1556 to 1800, the produce of these mines amounted to the enormous sum of 823,950,508 Spanish dollars. (P. C.) The greatest produce of a single year was in 1593, when it amounted to 7,858,893 dollars. Lat. 19° 36′ S., Lon. about 65° 30′ W. Pop. in 1826, about 12,000 (P. C.), but when the mines were in the most flourishing state, the town was estimated to contain 160,000 inhabitants. (B.)

POTOSI, SAN LUIS DE, sån loo-is' dà po-to-see', a t. of Mexico, cap. of a state of the same name, situated near the sources of the r. Tampico. Lat. about 22° N. Lon. 100° 40′ W. Pop. estimated at 20,000. (B.) POTSDAM, pots'-dam, the cap. of a gov. of the same name, and, after Berlin, the handsomest town in the Prussian dominions, is situated or the Havel (hål-vel), an affluent of the Elbe, 17 m. W. S. W. of Berlin.

Fate, får, fåll, fåt; mẻ, met; plne or pine, pin; nô, nôt; õõ, as in good ; The beauty of the houses and the magnificent royal palace, have caused this town to be called the Versailles of Prussia. In the vicinity of the city is the palace of Sans Souci (sån soo`-ce'), the favourite residence of Frederic the Great. Lat. 52° 26' N., Lon. 13° 2′ E. Pop., exclusive of the garrison, which varies from 6,000 to 10,000 men, 25,560. (P. C.)

POT-TER, a Co. in the N. part of Pa., bordering on N. Y. Pop. 3,371. Co. t. Coudersport.

POTTS-VILLE, a flourishing t. of Pa., in Schuylkill co., at the termination of the Schuylkill canal, and connected with Reading and Philadelphia by a railroad. It owes its prosperity to the extensive coal mines in its vicinity. Pop. 4,345.

POUGHKEEPSIE, po-kip/-se, a flourishing and handsome t. of N. Y., cap. of Dutchess co., on the E. side of the Hudson, 75 m. N. of New York. Lat. 41° 41′ N., Lon. 73° 55′ W. Pop. 10,006.

POULTON, pole-ton, a small t. of England, in Lancashire, 17 m. S. S. W. of Lancaster.

POWHATTAN, pou-hat-tan', a co. in the S. E. part of Va., between the Appomattox and James rivers. Pop. 7,924. Ćo. t. Scottsville.

Pozzuoli, pot-soo-o'-le, a t. of Naples, on the sea coast, about 6 m. W. of the capital, remarkable for its delightful situation and its antiquities. Pop. 2,000. (B.)

PRAGUE, praig, (Ger. Prag, prác,) an archiepiscopal city, the cap. of Bohemia, situated on both sides of the Moldau, nearly in the centre of the kingdom. The two banks of the river are connected by a bridge, more than 1,800 ft. long, which is one of the handsomest in Europe. The town is surrounded by fortifications, with 8 gates, is generally well built, and contains a great number of fine edifices. There are 48 churches and 68 palaces, besides other important buildings, the effect of which, when viewed from a distance, with the commanding position of the city, is singularly grand and imposing. The university of Prague is the oldest in Germany, having been founded by Charles IV. in 1348. It has, at present, 53 professors and above 2,000 students. The medical department, in particular, is most liberally endowed. The library of the university contains 130,000 volumes and 4,000 rare manuscripts. The Bohemian National Museum contains a magnificent collection of specimens in the different natural sciences. Prague is the seat of numerous important manufactures, and the centre of an extensive commerce. The observatory is in Lat. 50° 5′ 18′′ N., Lon. 14° 25′ 28′′ E. Pop., including the garrison, above 120,000. (B.)

PRATO, pra/-to, a manufacturing t. of Italy, in Tuscany, on an affluent of the Arno, 10 m. N. W. of Florence. Pop. about 10,000. (B.)

PRAYA, PORTO, por/-to pri'-å, a seaport t., cap. of the Cape Verc islands, on the S. coast of St. Jago (Sam Tiago). Lat. 14° 55' N., Lon. 23° 35′ W. Pop. only 1,200. (B.)

PRE-BLE, a co. in the S. W. part of Ohio, bordering on Ind. Pop. 19,482. Co. t. Eaton.

ou, as in our; th, as in thin; TH, as in this; N, nearly like ng. PREG-EL or pral-cel, a r. of E. Prussia, which falls into the Frische Haff below Königsberg.

PRENZLOW, prents/-lov, a t. of Prussia, in Brandenburg, 28 m. W. S. W. of Stettin. Pop. 8,800. (B.)

PRES-BURG OF PRESS/-BURG (Ger. pron. press/-boŎRG; Hung. Posony, po-shoй; Anc. Poso/nium); one of the handsomest towns, and formerly the cap. of Hungary, situated on the left bank of the Danube, 34 m. E. by S. of Vienna. It contains an academy, which is a sort of university, an archigymnasium, a library, belonging to Count Appony (åp-poñ), of 50,000 volumes, which is open to the public, and several other important literary institutions. Lat. 48° 8' N., Lon. 17° 11′ E. Pop. above 41,000. (B.)

PRES'-TON, an important and flourishing manufacturing t. of England, in Lancashire, 28 m. N. N. E. of Liverpool. The Lancaster Canal, and the Lancaster and Preston, and other railways, pass through the town. Pop. in 1831, 33,871, in 1841, 50,131.

PRESTON, a co. in the N. N. W. part of Va., bordering on Md. and Pa. Pop. 6,866. Co. t. Kingwood.

PREV-E-SA or prà/-và-så,* a decayed seaport t. of European Turkey, in Albania, at the entrance of the Gulf of Arta. Pop. formerly estimated at above 8,000. (B.) Lat. 38° 58' N., Lon. 20° 45′ E.

PRINCE EDWARD, a co. in the S. S. E. part of Va., on the sources of the Appomattox. Pop. 14,069. Seat of justice, Prince Edward c. h. PRINCE EDWARD'S ISLAND, an i. in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, belonging to Great Britain, between 45° 56′ and 47° 5' N. Lat., and 62° and 64° 25′ W. Lon. Length of a curved line passing through its centre, about 140 m.; greatest breadth, 37 m. Pop. about 33,000. (M.) PRINCE GEORGE, a co. in the S. E. part of Va., S. of, and bordering on James river. Pop. 7,175. Seat of justice, Prince George c. h.

PRINCE GEORGE, a co. in the S. W. part of Md., E. of, and bordering on the Potomac and District of Columbia. Pop. 19,539. Co. t. Upper Marlborough.

PRINCE WILLIAM, a co. in the N. E. part of Va., bordering on the Potomac. Pop. 8,144. Co. t. Brentsville.

PRINCESS ANNE, a co. forming the S. E. extremity of Va. Pop. 7,285. Seat of justice, Princess Anne c. h.

PRINCE-TON, a t. of N. J., situated partly in Middlesex and partly in Somerset co., 11 m. N. E. of Trenton. It is the seat of a celebrated college, under the direction of the Presbyterians, founded in 1746, and styled the College of New Jersey. Lat. 40° 21' N., Lon. 74° 39′ W.

PRINCIPATO, prin-che-på/-to, a prov. of Naples, lying E. and S. E. of the metropolis. It is divided into Principato Citra (chee'-trå), and Principato Ultra (ool/-trå), or "nearer and farther Principato." PRIP-ETS OF PRIP-ET, (in Polish, Prypec, prip-ets,) a r. of Russian

"Remember the moment when PREVESA fell,

The shrieks of the conquered and conqueror's yell."

Childe Harold, Canto II

Fåte, får, fåll, fât; mẻ, met; pine or pine, pin; nỏ, nôt; õõ, as in good;

Poland, which rises near 51° 30' N. Lat., and 240 E. Lon., and, flowing easterly, falls into the Dnieper, 44 m. N. of Kief.

PROVENCE, PRO-vånce', one of the former provinces of France, now divided into the deps. of Lower Alps, Upper Alps, Mouths of the Rhone, Var, and Vaucluse. Provence is derived from provincia, a name given by the ancient Romans to countries or districts beyond the limits of Italy which they had brought under their dominion.-Adj. and inhab. PROVENCal, pro`-vản`-sål!.

PROV'-I-DENCE, a manufacturing and commercial city and port of entry, the semi-capital of R. I. is situated at the head of Narragansett Bay, 42 m., in a direct line, S. W. of Boston, with which city it is connected by a railroad. Its distance from the sea is 35 m., but the largest merchant-ships can come up to the wharves. It is the largest town in the state, and the second in New England. Though irregularly built, it contains many fine edifices. The Arcade is considered to be the handsomest building of the kind in the United States. A line of steamboats keeps up a daily communication between Providence and New York, through Long Island Sound, during the whole of the open season. Brown University, in this city, a flourishing institution, under the direction of the Baptists, was founded in 1764. Lat. 41° 49′ N., Lon. 71° 25′ W. Pop. 23,171.

PROVIDENCE COUNTY, of which the above city is the seat of justice, has a pop. of 58,073.

PRUSSIA, proof-she-a or prush/-e-a, (Ger. Preussen, prois/-sen,) an important kingdom of Europe, situated between 49° 50′ and 55° 52′ N. Lat., and 50 50 and 22° 54′ E. Lon. It consists principally of two parts; the larger of which is bounded on the N. by the Baltic, N. E. and E. by Russia and Poland, S. by the dominions of Austria, and W. by Hesse-Cassel, Brunswick, Hanover, and Mecklenburg, by which states it is separated from the other principal portion. The latter is situated on both sides of the Rhine, and is called Rhenish Prussia (Rhein-Preussen). It has Hanover on the N., the Netherlands on the N. W. and W., and France on the S. W. On the S. and S. E. it borders on the territories of Bavaria, Nassau, and several of the smaller German states. Length of the larger portion, from N. N. E. to S. S.W., 600 m.; greatest breadth about 340 m. Area about 90,000 sq. m. Area of the smaller portion, about 17,000 sq. m. Area of the whole Prussian monarchy, including, besides the above, the canton of Neufchatel, in Switzerland, and several other small detached pieces of territory, about 108,000 sq. m. Total pop., at the end of 1837, 14,154,198. (P. C.) The government of Prussia is a limited monarchy. The royal family belong to the reformed religion, but all denominations of Christians are tolerated, and enjoy nearly the same rights and privileges.-Adj. and inhab. PRUSSIAN, proof-shun or prush'-e-an.

PRUSSIA PROPER, OF THE PROVINCE OF PRUSSIA, an extensive prov. forming the N. E. portion of the Prussian monarchy. It was formerly divided into E. and W. Prussia. Area, 24,780 sq. m. Pop. 2,152,873 (P. C.) Capital, Königsberg,

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